Anthropogenic climate change is a global problem that affects every country and each individual. The UK introduced its own carbon budgets, aiming to reduce its GHGs by 80% by 2050 compared with 1990 levels. The United Nations Conference of the Parties in Paris in 2015 came to an agreement on limiting the global average temperature rise to "well below 2oC". It has been argued that the Paris Agreement requires deeper and more rapid emission reductions than current UK targets. The CO2 emissions from energy use by households account for almost a third of total CO2 emissions in the UK in recent years. The research aims to explore drivers of high energy consumption in order to identify where there may be intervention points that can achieve a greater level of emission reductions than conventional policy tools in the short to medium term. Previous studies have focused on either socioeconomic factors or practices to explore household energy consumption and CO2 emissions, but have not integrated both aspects to identify drivers behind high energy consumption. To address this gap in the literature, the research applies an interdisciplinary approach to analyse the interconnected factors impacting on household energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Socioeconomic characteristics and practice theory are combined in order to understand how and why energy is consumed at home, and specifically to explore high energy consumption and related CO2 emissions at the household level. Both quantitative cluster analyses based on household socioeconomic factors and qualitative data collection and thematic analyses on energy-related practices at home have been conducted in the research. Results indicate that various combinations of socioeconomic factors and dwelling-related characteristics can collectively lead to high CO2 emissions from energy use at home. Nonetheless, these characteristics cannot fully explain why some households are high emitters, as they still share a variety of similar characteristics with average households in the UK. Besides household socioeconomic factors and dwelling-related characteristics, the materials, procedure and meanings of practices; people's discursive and practical consciousness; and dominant meanings of the home, also collectively influence energy use at home. Policymakers should consider not only improving the energy efficiency of the dwelling and appliances, but also how people's hidden knowledge and routines allow or constrain the performance of energy-related practices, as well as how the existing meanings of practices and dominant meanings of the home can be supported with less energy input and associated CO2 emissions. Energy efficiency related policies could focus more on how to reduce the interruption to people's everyday lives and the level of space loss. Policymakers could also work with different stakeholders, such as local authorities and community groups to tackle the challenges of installation of double gazing, cavity wall and roof insulation in the private rented sector. Policies for promoting renewable electricity micro-generation in the UK can target more effectively the high emitters who are at home most weekdays, as they can be more flexible in rearranging their use of appliances in daily routines and potentially reduce energy consumption during the peak time. In addition to combining a novel range of approaches and perspectives to understanding energy use at home, the research makes a contribution to achieving deeper and more rapid emission reductions in the short to medium term in the UK by focusing on the drivers behind high energy consumption at home than average energy consumption in general.

Este estudo tem como objetivo discutir o processo de produção e gestão da segurança patrimonial de edifícios residenciais verticais na cidade de São Paulo. Busca-se examinar, as causas da fragilidade da segurança neste tipo de condomínio. São analisadas as principais questões que estão diretamente envolvidas com a segurança: a violência urbana; as características de projeto dos edifícios e a implantação no lote; o crescente individualismo e falta de convivência em comunidade; a ausência de legislação regulatória para a segurança patrimonial; a deficiência na aplicação de metodologias para os planos de segurança e a falta de aplicação de conceitos de segurança nos projetos arquitetônicos. Para o desenvolvimento da tese, são pesquisados os fatores ligados à violência urbana que desencadeiam a sensação de insegurança nos habitantes e o histórico da legislação edilícia e urbana de São Paulo, para analisar a relação desta com as características arquitetônicas dos edifícios e com a formação dos bairros inseguros. São realizadas pesquisas de campo, com o objetivo de compreender o ponto de vista dos moradores de condomínios em relação às medidas de segurança aplicadas nos edifícios. Além disso, entrevistas com os especialistas de segurança objetivaram verificar se há padronização na aplicação de metodologias e para descobrir quais são as dificuldades encontradas para a implementação dos planos de segurança. Finalizando o processo de pesquisa de campo, são entrevistados arquitetos que elaboram projetos de edifícios residenciais, para avaliar o grau de envolvimento deles com as questões de segurança. Na sequência, é explorada a conceituação de espaços seguros sugerida pelo CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design ou Prevenção do Crime Através do Desenho Urbano), como forma de demonstrar que os projetos de segurança devem ser integrados à arquitetura não apenas por meio de medidas pontuais. Com o objetivo de analisar o desenvolvimento de planos de segurança em edifícios residenciais por meio de técnicas de avaliação de riscos, é estudada a aplicabilidade das normas brasileiras que tratam do assunto. / This study aims at discussing the process of design production and management of security in high-rise residential buildings in the city of São Paulo. At first, the causes of the fragility of security in this type of building are examined. Then, the main issues that are directly involved with building security are analyzed, such as: the urban violence, the design features of buildings on the site; the growing individualism and lack of community life, the absence of regulatory legislation for property security, the lack of methodologies for the application on security plans and for security concepts in architectural design. For the development of this study, factors related to urban violence that trigger the feeling of insecurity among the inhabitants and the history of urban and building legislation of the city of São Paulo are investigated, in order to analyze its relationship with the architectural features of residential buildings and the configuration of unsafe neighborhoods. A field research is carried out in order to understand the point of view of residents about security measures applied into their residential buildings. In addition to that, interviews with security experts aimed at checking the application of standardized methodologies and to understand the difficulties found in the implementation of security plans. The process of field research ended interviewing architects who design residential buildings in order to assess the degree of their involvement with security issues. Further, the concept of safe spaces suggested by CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) is explored as a way to demonstrate that security aspects should be adequately integrated into the architecture, not only through ad hoc measures. Finally, in order to analyze the development of security plans in residential buildings by means of risk assessment techniques, the applicability of the Brazilian standards dealing with this matter are studied.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adhemar Carlos Pala.pdf: 17542385 bytes, checksum: 402f6db7e1956f982e4159c365520341 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-10 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The production of residential buildings in 1940-1960 , in São Paulo s neighborhood Higienópolis, is the main target of this research that intends to discuss the lateral natural light as one of the architectural conception elements of the buildings designed at that time , whose factors are related to cultural, economic, social and technological issues, as part of São Paulo s metropolis process. These elements had contributed to awaken the author to question about the lateral natural light on the architectural conception elements of the buildings, which were selected among dozens of significant architectural works present in Higienópolis neighborhood. The selection resulted in the following case studies: Diana Building (1954) by architect Victor Reif ; Lausanne Building (1953) by architect Adolf Franz Heep , Louveira Building (1946) of architects Giovanni Battista Vilanova Artigas and Carlos Cascaldi and Prudence Building (1944) authored by architects Rino Levi and Roberto Cerqueira Cesar . The research objectives are to identify measure and simulate the amount of natural light in the different environments of selected buildings apartments; using as a parameter the Arthur Savoy Building Code, which had served as the basis for the buildings approval with the São Paulo s City Hall. The simulations of the natural light were performed by using the computer program Relux 2011, being used which it is recommended by the NBR -15575-1 (2013) and ISO 8995-1 (2013 ) on the spot measurements with the portable equipment luximeter. The results showed that the research conducted by the Building Code are, in measurements of the spots with luximeter, in the simulations with the computer program Relux and the current NBR, which deal about the appropriate luminance for indoor, show that the modernist architects were concerned with natural lighting in architectural conception elements of the buildings. / A produção de edifícios residenciais nos anos de 1940-1960, no bairro paulistano de Higienópolis, São Paulo, é o alvo principal desta pesquisa que pretende discutir a luz natural lateral como um dos elementos de concepção arquitetônica nos edifícios projetados naquela época, cujos fatores estão relacionados a questões culturais, econômicas, sociais e tecnológicas, no contexto do processo de metropolização de São Paulo. Esses elementos contribuíram para despertar no autor a indagação a respeito da luz natural na concepção arquitetônica de edifícios residenciais, que foram selecionados entre dezenas de obras arquitetônicas significativas presentes no bairro de Higienópolis. A seleção resultou nos seguintes estudos de casos: Edifício Diana (1954) do arquiteto Victor Reif; o Edifício Lausanne (1953) do arquiteto Adolf Franz Heep, o Edifício Louveira (1946) dos arquitetos João Baptista Vilanova Artigas e Carlos Cascaldi e o Edifício Prudência (1944) de autoria dos arquitetos Rino Levi e Roberto Cerqueira Cesar. Os objetivos da pesquisa são identificar, medir e simular a quantidade de luz natural nos diferentes ambientes dos apartamentos tipo dos edifícios selecionados; utilizando como parâmetro o Código de Edificações Arthur Saboya, que serviu de base para a aprovação dos edifícios junto à Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo. As simulações da iluminação natural foram realizadas por meio do programa computacional Relux 2011, sendo utilizado o que recomenda as NBR-15575-1 (2013) e a ISO 8995-1(2013) nas medições in loco com o equipamento portátil luxímetro. Os resultados demonstraram que as pesquisas realizadas sejam pelo Código de Edificações, nas medições dos pontos com o luxímetro, nas simulações com o programa computacional Relux e as atuais NBR que tratam sobre a iluminância adequada para os ambientes internos, comprovam que os arquitetos modernistas preocupavam-se com a iluminação natural na concepção arquitetônica nos projetos dos edifícios residenciais.

Este estudo tem como objetivo discutir o processo de produção e gestão da segurança patrimonial de edifícios residenciais verticais na cidade de São Paulo. Busca-se examinar, as causas da fragilidade da segurança neste tipo de condomínio. São analisadas as principais questões que estão diretamente envolvidas com a segurança: a violência urbana; as características de projeto dos edifícios e a implantação no lote; o crescente individualismo e falta de convivência em comunidade; a ausência de legislação regulatória para a segurança patrimonial; a deficiência na aplicação de metodologias para os planos de segurança e a falta de aplicação de conceitos de segurança nos projetos arquitetônicos. Para o desenvolvimento da tese, são pesquisados os fatores ligados à violência urbana que desencadeiam a sensação de insegurança nos habitantes e o histórico da legislação edilícia e urbana de São Paulo, para analisar a relação desta com as características arquitetônicas dos edifícios e com a formação dos bairros inseguros. São realizadas pesquisas de campo, com o objetivo de compreender o ponto de vista dos moradores de condomínios em relação às medidas de segurança aplicadas nos edifícios. Além disso, entrevistas com os especialistas de segurança objetivaram verificar se há padronização na aplicação de metodologias e para descobrir quais são as dificuldades encontradas para a implementação dos planos de segurança. Finalizando o processo de pesquisa de campo, são entrevistados arquitetos que elaboram projetos de edifícios residenciais, para avaliar o grau de envolvimento deles com as questões de segurança. Na sequência, é explorada a conceituação de espaços seguros sugerida pelo CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design ou Prevenção do Crime Através do Desenho Urbano), como forma de demonstrar que os projetos de segurança devem ser integrados à arquitetura não apenas por meio de medidas pontuais. Com o objetivo de analisar o desenvolvimento de planos de segurança em edifícios residenciais por meio de técnicas de avaliação de riscos, é estudada a aplicabilidade das normas brasileiras que tratam do assunto. / This study aims at discussing the process of design production and management of security in high-rise residential buildings in the city of São Paulo. At first, the causes of the fragility of security in this type of building are examined. Then, the main issues that are directly involved with building security are analyzed, such as: the urban violence, the design features of buildings on the site; the growing individualism and lack of community life, the absence of regulatory legislation for property security, the lack of methodologies for the application on security plans and for security concepts in architectural design. For the development of this study, factors related to urban violence that trigger the feeling of insecurity among the inhabitants and the history of urban and building legislation of the city of São Paulo are investigated, in order to analyze its relationship with the architectural features of residential buildings and the configuration of unsafe neighborhoods. A field research is carried out in order to understand the point of view of residents about security measures applied into their residential buildings. In addition to that, interviews with security experts aimed at checking the application of standardized methodologies and to understand the difficulties found in the implementation of security plans. The process of field research ended interviewing architects who design residential buildings in order to assess the degree of their involvement with security issues. Further, the concept of safe spaces suggested by CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) is explored as a way to demonstrate that security aspects should be adequately integrated into the architecture, not only through ad hoc measures. Finally, in order to analyze the development of security plans in residential buildings by means of risk assessment techniques, the applicability of the Brazilian standards dealing with this matter are studied.

A matriz energética mundial atual gera inúmeros impactos ambientais e, com isso, fontes de energia alternativas são necessárias para um futuro imediato. Desta forma, a energia solar se apresenta como uma das possíveis alternativas. A energia solar, principalmente quando utilizada para o aquecimento de água, ou seja, na sua forma térmica, não apresenta impactos ambientais durante sua produção e possui um funcionamento simples. Devido aos seus benefícios, sistemas de aquecimento solar de água já são muito utilizados em diversos países e, inclusive, incentivados por leis, como na cidade de São Paulo. Mesmo este sistema já tendo sido muito estudado, quando a sua aplicação é destinada a residências unifamiliares, ainda há algumas lacunas quando se trata da aplicação em residências multifamiliares. Um exemplo de lacuna é a questão da medição individualizada dos sistemas prediais, incluindo da energia solar. Sendo assim, o objetivo da presente pesquisa é encontrar um sistema de aquecimento solar mais apropriado quanto à medição individualizada. Para tanto, são analisados, teoricamente, diferentes sistemas e suas caraterísticas. Além disso, é realizado um estudo de caso para se avaliar as características de um sistema em funcionamento em um edifício localizado na cidade de São Paulo. Utilizando-se da junção dos conhecimentos adquiridos na seção teórica e na seção prática, são simuladas algumas propostas de alternativas do sistema, visando avaliar o comportamento da produção dos mesmos em situações distintas. Ao final é possível identificar que o sistema Solar coletivo com acumulação privado e auxiliar instantâneo privado foi o que atendeu a um maior número dos requisitos gerais de sistemas de aquecimento solar e dos requisitos de individualização, e não apresentou problemas de perdas térmicas significativas, apesar de inovações, vislumbradas para um futuro próximo, terem potencial para elevar ainda mais a qualidade do sistema. / The current global energy matrix generates many environments impacts and, thereby, alternative energy sources are required by an immediate future. Indeed, solar energy is presented as one of the possible alternatives. Solar energy, as more when it heats water, or in other words, when its thermal form is used on the system, does not generate environment impacts during its use and has a simple operation. Due its benefits, solar water heating systems are already widely used in many countries and even encouraged by laws, for example in São Paulo city. Even though this system has already been studied by many scientific researches regarding its application for single family dwellings, there are some gaps when it is related to multifamily dwellings. One example of it is the individualization of the building systems aspect, including the individualization of the solar energy use. Therefore, the aim of this research is find a solar water heating system more appropriated regarding the individualization aspect. Thereunto, different systems from various places are theoretically analyzed by their characteristics. Furthermore, a study case is held to evaluate characteristics of a working system in a residential building located in São Paulo city. Using the junction of both, theoretical and practical studies, some alternative proposals are simulated to evaluate how the production of the systems are in different situations. As a conclusion, it is possible to define the system with a shared solar energy, private boiler and instantaneous auxiliary energy heating as the system that meet a larger number of the general solar heating system requirements and of the individualization requirements and do not have significative thermal loss issues, although, prospected near future innovations have potential to further improve the system.

The coupled and uncoupled consolidation theories for saturated-unsaturated soils have been discussed. A new method for constructing the constitutive surfaces for saturated-unsaturated soils has been proposed. The consolidation processes for saturated-unsaturated soils have been explained by thermodynamic analogue. One dimensional consolidation theory for saturated-unsaturated soils is presented and a new method is proposed to calculate the immediate settlement, total settlement and the time history of the consolidation settlement manually in the same way as what we have done for saturated soils with a higher accuracy. It makes the consolidation theory of unsaturated soils as applicable as that of saturated soils. This method can also be used to perform uncoupled two or three dimensional consolidation calculation for both expansive soils and collapsible soils. From the analysis, the equivalent effective stress and excessive pore water pressure can be easily calculated. At the same time, the physical meanings for the parameters in the constitutive laws for saturated-unsaturated are illustrated. A new set of the differential equations for the coupled two or three dimensional consolidation of saturated-unsaturated soils are proposed, together with the corresponding method to solve the differential equations. It is also proved numerically and analytically that during the consolidation process the Mandel-Cryer effect exists for unsaturated expansive soils and there is a ??reverse?? Mandel-Cryer effect for unsaturated collapsible soils. A new method is proposed to estimate the volume change of expansive soils. A complete system is proposed for the numerical simulation of residential buildings on expansive soils. The strength of this method lies in its use of simple and readily available historic weather data such as daily temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, wind speed and rainfall as input. Accurate three dimensional predictions are obtained by integrating a number of different analytical and numerical techniques: different simulation methods for different boundary conditions such as tree, grass, and bare soils, coupled hydro-mechanical stress analysis to describe deformation of saturated-unsaturated soils, jointed elements simulation of soil-structure interaction, analysis of structure stress moment by general shell elements, and to assess structural damage by the smeared cracking model. The real-time and dynamic simulation results are consistent with filed measurements.

No description available.

Submitted by Morgana Silva (morgana_linhares@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-13T16:13:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1200984 bytes, checksum: 52de414bfb9dda6384a873008beb76c2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T16:13:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1200984 bytes, checksum: 52de414bfb9dda6384a873008beb76c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / objectives authorizing state intervention on economic domain, linked to the Growth Acceleration Plan (PAC) 1 and 2, was editing more often tax rules hit the construction sector. In this vein, this dissertation analyzes the interventionist aspect of the state of the construction sector in order to discuss whether the edited tax rules have the power to induce the behavior of economic agents subsector of residential buildings and what their socioeconomic consequences. The work we used the inductive approach and adopted methodological procedures based on bibliographic research and collection of secondary information, making use of direct documentation of research technique, analyzing the contents of documents made available by autonomous entities and federal agencies. After tracing the theoretical framework, defining concepts and evaluate the economic and social principles that guided the current National Housing Policy (NHP), leaning to the study of the tax rule of law, its classification and identifying elements of an inducer tax law, in order to provide the reader with greater mastery of the subject, the work critically assessed whether the tax rules created in the midst of PNH induce the behavior of economic agents and served as aid instruments in the promotion of social rights, especially the right to housing. And we came to the conclusion that the tax rules introduced amid the current PNH induced behavior of the sub-sector economic agents construction of residential buildings, helping to generate jobs, wealth distribution and promotion of the right to housing, maximizing socioeconomic effects of the current PNH. / Desde o início da crise mundial de 2008 que o Brasil, no bojo dos objetivos constitucionais que autorizam a intervenção do Estado sobre o domínio econômico, atrelado aos Planos de Aceleração do Crescimento (PACs) 1 e 2, vinha editando com mais frequência normas tributárias que atingem o setor da construção civil. Nesta senda, a presente dissertação analisa o aspecto intervencionista do Estado sobre o setor da construção civil, a fim de discutir se as normas tributárias editadas tiveram o condão de induzir o comportamento dos agentes econômicos do subsetor de edificações residenciais e quais seus reflexos socioeconômicos. O trabalho utilizou-se do método indutivo de abordagem e adotou procedimentos metodológicos com base em pesquisas bibliográficas e levantamento de informações secundárias, fazendo uso da técnica de pesquisa de documentação direta, analisando o conteúdo de documentos disponibilizados por entidades autônomas e órgãos públicos federais. Após traçar o marco teórico, delimitar conceitos e avaliar os princípios econômicos e sociais que direcionaram a atual Política Nacional de Habitação (PNH), debruçando-se com o estudo da norma jurídica tributária, sua classificação e os elementos identificadores de uma norma tributária indutora, o trabalho avaliou criticamente se as normas tributárias criadas em meio ao PNH induziram o comportamento dos agentes econômicos e serviram de instrumentos de auxílio na promoção de direitos sociais, especialmente do direito à moradia. E chegou à conclusão de que as normas tributárias exonerativas introduzidas em meio à atual PNH induziram o comportamento dos agentes econômicos do subsetor da construção civil de edificações residenciais, ajudando na geração de empregos, na distribuição de riqueza e na promoção do direito à moradia, maximizando os efeitos socioeconômicos da atual PNH.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexandreGO.pdf: 6124426 bytes, checksum: 389b880174773cea0368c6ef235f37ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Nowadays, evaluation methods to measure thermal performance of buildings have been developed in order to improve thermal comfort in buildings and reduce the use of energy with active cooling and heating systems. However, in developed countries, the criteria used in rating systems to asses the thermal and energy performance of buildings have demonstrated some limitations when applied to naturally ventilated building in tropical climates. The present research has as its main objective to propose a method to evaluate the thermal performance of low-rise residential buildings in warm humid climates, through computational simulation. The method was developed in order to conceive a suitable rating system for the athermal performance assessment of such buildings using as criteria the indoor air temperature and a thermal comfort adaptive model. The research made use of the software VisualDOE 4.1 in two simulations runs of a base case modeled for two basic types of occupancies: living room and bedroom. In the first simulation run, sensitive analyses were made to identify the variables with the higher impact over the cases? thermal performance. Besides that, the results also allowed the formulation of design recommendations to warm humid climates toward an improvement on the thermal performance of residential building in similar situations. The results of the second simulation run was used to identify the named Thermal Performance Spectrum (TPS) of both occupancies types, which reflect the variations on the thermal performance considering the local climate, building typology, chosen construction material and studied occupancies. This analysis generates an index named IDTR Thermal Performance Resultant Index, which was configured as a thermal performance rating system. It correlates the thermal performance with the number of hours that the indoor air temperature was on each of the six thermal comfort bands pre-defined that received weights to measure the discomfort intensity. The use of this rating system showed to be appropriated when used in one of the simulated cases, presenting advantages in relation to other evaluation methods and becoming a tool for the understanding of building thermal behavior / Atualmente, m?todos de avalia??o do desempenho t?rmico e energ?tico de edifica??es t?m sido desenvolvidos com o intuito de otimizar o conforto t?rmico em edifica??es e reduzir o consumo de energia com sistemas de condicionamento ativo. Entretanto, em pa?ses desenvolvidos, os crit?rios utilizados para avaliar o desempenho t?rmico e energ?tico de edifica??es t?m demonstrado limita??es quando aplicados em edifica??es naturalmente ventiladas em climas tropicais. A presente pesquisa teve como principal objetivo propor um m?todo para avalia??o do desempenho t?rmico de edifica??es residenciais unifamiliares no clima quente e ?mido, atrav?s da simula??o computacional. O m?todo foi desenvolvido a fim de gerar um sistema de classifica??o adequado na avalia??o destas edifica??es, usando como crit?rios de an?lise a temperatura interna do ar e um modelo adaptativo de conforto t?rmico. A pesquisa utilizou o aplicativo VisualDOE 4.1 em duas s?ries de simula??es de um caso base, caracterizado por duas ocupa??es t?picas: quarto e sala. Na primeira s?rie foram realizadas an?lises de sensibilidade para identificar as vari?veis de maior impacto sobre o desempenho t?rmico dos casos. Al?m disso, os resultados tamb?m permitiram a elabora??o de recomenda??es de projeto para o clima tropical visando melhorias no desempenho t?rmico de edifica??es residenciais em situa??es semelhantes. Os resultados da segunda s?rie de simula??es foram utilizados para identificar o chamado Espectro de Desempenho T?rmico (EDT) para os dois tipos de ocupa??o, no qual reflete a varia??o de desempenho t?rmico considerando o clima local, tipologia da edifica??o, materiais construtivos escolhidos e ocupa??es analisadas. Essa an?lise serviu de base para o desenvolvimento de um ?ndice nomeado de IDTR - ?ndice de Desempenho T?rmico Resultante, que foi configurado como um sistema de classifica??o de desempenho t?rmico. Esse associa o desempenho t?rmico com o n?mero de horas em que a temperatura interna do ar encontra-se em cada uma das seis faixas de conforto t?rmico pr?-definidas que receberam pesos a fim de ponderar a intensidade de desconforto t?rmico. A aplica??o desse sistema mostrou-se apropriado quando aplicado a um dos casos simulados, apresentando vantagens em rela??o a outros m?todos de avalia??o existentes e se tornou uma ferramenta para o entendimento do comportamento t?rmico de edifica??es

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaMM_cap1_cap5.pdf: 5537131 bytes, checksum: 02fbf19992b55864367640039cddacc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-12 / The goal of the research was to investigate the energy performance of residential vertical buildings envelope in the hot and humid climate of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte, based in the Technical Regulation of Quality for Energy Efficiency Level in Residential Buildings (RTQ -R), launched in 2010. The study pretends to contribute to the development of design strategies appropriate to the specific local climate and the increasing of energy efficiency level of the envelope. The methodological procedures included the survey in 22 (twenty two) residential buildings, the formulation of representative prototypes based on typological and constructives characters researched and the classification of the level of energy efficiency in the envelopment of these prototypes, using as a tool the prescriptive method of the RTQ-R and the parametric analyzes from assigning different values of the following variables: shape of the pavement type; distribution of housing compartments; orientation of the building; area and shading of openings; thermal transmittance, and solar absorptance of opaque materials of the frontage in order to evaluate the influence of these on the envelopment performance. The main results accomplished with this work includes the qualification of vertical residential buildings in Natal/RN; the verification of the adequacy of these buildings to local climate based from the diagnosis of the thermal energy of the envelopment performance, the identification of variables with more significant influence on the prescriptive methodology of RTQ-R and design solutions more favorable to obtain higher levels energy efficiency by this method. Finally, it was verified, that some of these solutions proved contradictory in relation to the recommendations contained in the theoretical approaches regarding environmental comfort in hot and humid weather, which indicates the need for improvement of the prescriptive method RTQ-R and further research on efficient design solutions / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o desempenho energ?tico da envolt?ria de edif?cios residenciais verticais no clima quente e ?mido de Natal, capital do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, ? luz do Regulamento T?cnico de Qualidade para o N?vel de Efici?ncia Energ?tica de Edifica??es Residenciais (RTQ-R), lan?ado em 2010. O trabalho procura contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estrat?gias projetuais adequadas ?s especificidades clim?ticas locais e ao aumento do n?vel de efici?ncia energ?tica da envolt?ria. Os procedimentos metodol?gicos inclu?ram o levantamento em 22 (vinte e dois) edif?cios residenciais, a formula??o de prot?tipos representativos com base em caracter?sticas tipol?gicas e construtivas levantadas e a classifica??o do n?vel de efici?ncia energ?tica (etiquetagem) da envolt?ria destes prot?tipos, utilizando como ferramenta o m?todo prescritivo do RTQ-R e an?lises param?tricas a partir da atribui??o de diferentes valores ?s seguintes vari?veis: forma do pavimento tipo; distribui??o dos ambientes na habita??o; orienta??o da edifica??o; ?rea e sombreamento das aberturas; transmit?ncia t?rmica; e, absort?ncia solar dos materiais opacos da fachada, a fim de avaliar a influ?ncia destes no desempenho da envolt?ria. Os principais resultados alcan?ados com a realiza??o deste trabalho compreenderam a qualifica??o dos edif?cios residenciais verticais em Natal/RN; a verifica??o da adequa??o destes edif?cios ? realidade clim?tica local a partir do diagn?stico do desempenho termo-energ?tico da envolt?ria; a identifica??o das vari?veis com influ?ncia mais significativa sobre a metodologia prescritiva do RTQ-R e de solu??es projetuais mais favor?veis ? obten??o de n?veis mais altos de efici?ncia energ?tica segundo este m?todo. Verificou-se, finalmente, que algumas destas solu??es mostraram-se contradit?rias em rela??o ?s recomenda??es consagradas nas abordagens te?ricas relativas ao conforto ambiental no clima quente e ?mido, o que indica a necessidade de aperfei?oamento do m?todo prescritivo do RTQ-R e o aprofundamento em pesquisas sobre solu??es projetuais eficientes