Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur familjerättsekreterarna upplever barns situation i samband med deras uppdrag med vårdnads-, boende- och umgängesärenden. Frågeställningarna var; Hur definierar familjerättssekreterarna sitt uppdrag vid vårdnads-, boende- och umgängesärenden vid föräldrars separation? Vilka instrument/verktyg använder familjerättssekreterarna för att ta reda på barns situation i samband med vårdnads-, boende- och umgängesärenden vid föräldrars separation? Hur upplever familjerättssekreterarna att barns fysiska och psykiska hälsa samt relation till föräldrarna påverkas i samband med föräldrarnas separation? Studien utfördes med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där undersökningen innefattade åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med familjerättssekreterare. I vår studie har vi utgått från systemteorin och gräsrotsbyråkratin. Detta för att familjerättssekreterarna har myndighetsutövning och att de vid utredningsärenden tittar på hur familjemedlemmarna samspelar med varandra. Resultatet tolkades utifrån den fenomenologiska ansatsen som visade att det fanns väsentliga skillnader i hur familjerättssekreterare tolkade vad som ingick i deras uppdrag. Familjerättssekreterarnas främsta instrument vid ärendehanteringar visade sig vara samtal. Ett annat viktigt resultat var att alla familjerättssekreterare ansåg att barns hälsa påverkades av sina föräldrars separation samt att deras relation till föräldrarna också påverkades både negativt och positivt, på kort och långt sikt. / The purpose of this study was to examine how family law secretaries experience the situations of the children in accordance with their assignments in the custody, residence and contact cases. These questions were asked: What instruments/tools are used to determine the children’s situation in the custody, residence and contact cases during the parental separation? How do family law secretaries define their role in custody, residence and contact cases at the parents’ separation? This study was conducted by using a qualitative research method which included eight semi-structured interviews with family law secretaries. As a basis for our study we have used the systems theory and street-level bureaucracy. This is because the family law secretaries have authority and in the case investigations they observe how the family members interact with each other. The results were interpreted by the phenomenological approach, which showed that there were significant differences in how family law secretaries interpreted what was included in their assignment. The family law secretaries’ foremost instrument during case handling was shown to be conversation. Another important result was that all family law secretaries felt that the childrens health was affected by their parents’ separation and that the childrens relationship to their parents was also affected, both negatively and positively in the short and long term.

In this thesis I based on Fowler’s method of syntax analysis construct a flow scheme which I then use to make a syntax analysis of former State Secretary Lars Danielsson’s statements, in his autobiography, regarding his responsibility in the Swedish government’s management of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami disaster. The focus of the flow scheme is how grammatical constructions can be used in the interest of rhetoric’s to on the syntax (non-explicit) level of the text indicate and place responsibility with or outside of involved individuals. The main conclusion of the syntax analysis performed is that Danielsson in his autobiography in fact does not use very many of the constructions described in the flow scheme, whereby it can be concluded that the syntax analysis in this case wasn’t so ”revealing”. However two complementary methods of text analysis; a metaphor analysis of the title of Danielsson’s autobiography ”In the shadow of power” and an analysis of the explicit level of the text, has revealed a conscious rhetorical argumentation regarding the question and placing of responsibility. A functional tool for syntax analysis has furthermore, regardless of the results, been constructed and is free for others to use and modify in their research.

The ability of organizations to learn---the process by which individuals learn from direct experience and translate that learning into organizational doctrine and memory---largely determines the course and outcomes of organizational policymaking. A set of hypotheses derived from research in political psychology, learning studies, and organization theory are employed to assess the ability of one international organization, the United Nations, to learn from its history of peacekeeping operations, as manifested in the thinking and behaviour of five Secretaries-General. A conceptual model linking processes of organizational learning, individual personality characteristics, and the nature of the international system is developed and operationalized. On the basis of earlier research on learning in international relations, personality, and organizational change, this study illustrates how organizational learning takes place, what factors are necessary for it to occur, and under what conditions it is translated into policy change. This thesis contributes to the literature, by applying research in these distinct fields to international organization, by testing organizational theories of learning in a detailed case study of the Secretaries-General and the evolution of U.N. peacekeeping, and by providing new insights into the nature of international organizational learning and policy change.

The present work is a contribution to the history of the Early modern diplomacy and early modern diplomatic practics. The subject of this work is the diplomatic misson of Baltasar de Zúñiga at imerial court (1608-1617). The study focuses on description of embassy functioning based on an analyses of official documents produced by the embassy itself, which were in several instances complemented by some of the documents produced by the Spanish governmental bureucracy such as, instructions, credentials, consultas or correspondence addressed to the hands of ambassador Baltasar de Zúñiga. As such, the present study is a kind of introspection, because it shows the functioning of a diplomatic mission from inside. The aim is to aswer the following questions. What part of the day-to-day work of a specific embassy could be seen, and controled by a sending government. How the chosen sources represent the basis of the Spanish policy in the Holy Roman Empire, the instruments used to increase the reputation of the Spanish king and the reputation of the ambassaror himself.

The 3D Virtual Worlds tools (MV3D) through its characteristics offer the possibility of implementing real spaces to virtual spaces maintaining the same interactive relationship through the sense of immersion. These possibilities are already real and can be verified in existing applications in various sectors, such methodological tools in educational activities, military training in medical and organizational spheres. In this sense the development of this paper presents the proposed virtualization of the academic secretary of the Graduate Program in Computer Science from the Federal University of Santa Maria using virtual worlds, with the OpenWonderland development platform. Virtualization is the possibility of carrying out activities in three-dimensional virtual environment that supported the sense of immersion becomes a new form of interaction between users of the secretariat services. In the research, they were considered two basic actions performed in the current secretariat to be modeled and executed from the virtual world. The activities correspond to the disciplines offering, and the registration, which are performed by two different user groups, teachers and students respectively. The proposal received positive results from the application HCI assessment method, with data collected by the interface inspection by conducting cognitive walkthrough running the sequence of steps or actions required by a user to accomplish a task. / As ferramentas de Mundos Virtuais 3D (MV3D), através de suas características essenciais, oferecem a possibilidade de transposição de espaços reais para espaços virtuais mantendo a mesma relação de interatividade graças a sensação de imersão. Estas possibilidades podem ser verificadas em diversas aplicações nos mais variados segmentos, em atividades educacionais como ferramentas metodológicas, treinamentos militares, na área médica e nas esferas organizacionais. Neste sentido, o desenvolvimento deste trabalho apresenta a proposta de virtualização da secretaria acadêmica do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Informática da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria utilizando mundos virtuais e tendo como plataforma de desenvolvimento OpenWonderland. A virtualização consiste na possibilidade de realização de atividades num ambiente virtual tridimensional, que apoiado na sensação de imersão transforma-se numa nova forma de interação entre os usuários dos serviços da secretaria. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foram consideradas duas ações básicas realizadas na secretaria atual a serem modeladas e executadas a partir do mundo virtual. As atividades correspondem ao processo de oferta de disciplinas e o de matrícula, que são executadas por dois grupos distintos de usuários, docentes e discentes respectivamente. A proposta obteve resultados positivos a partir da aplicação método de avaliação de IHC, com dados coletados pela inspeção de interface, mediante a realização do percurso cognitivo, executando ação por ação até a conclusão da tarefa analisada.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Este estudo analisa as condiÃÃes de trabalho dos SecretÃrios Executivos na Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC). O interesse por esta problemÃtica decorre da necessidade de perceber os impactos para os trabalhadores decorridos das mudanÃas no mundo do trabalho, demandadas por fenÃmenos como a globalizaÃÃo e o neoliberalismo, onde o setor pÃblico, inserido nesse contexto, tambÃm sofre as consequÃncias dessa nova ordem mundial, sendo pressionado a se adequar aos atuais modelos de gestÃo. Especificamente para os profissionais de secretariado executivo, sÃo exigidos novos conhecimentos e novos requisitos, sendo que, em muitas situaÃÃes, as condiÃÃes necessÃrias à realizaÃÃo desse trabalho nÃo sÃo satisfatÃrias. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral desse estudo foi analisar as condiÃÃes â objetivas e subjetivas - de trabalho dos profissionais de secretariado executivo que atuam na Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC). Como objetivos especÃficos foram definidos: descrever o perfil dos SecretÃrios Executivos na instituiÃÃo; analisar as condiÃÃes objetivas quanto aos riscos ergonÃmicos e infraestrutura fÃsica; e analisar os aspectos subjetivos quanto aos aspectos como grau de autonomia, participaÃÃo nos processos decisÃrios, reconhecimento e valorizaÃÃo e outros. Essa investigaÃÃo utilizou, em seu referencial teÃrico, os estudos de Antunes (2007), Harvey (2005), Alves (1997), Nonato JÃnior (2009), Iida (2005), entre outros. A pesquisa, com base nos objetivos à classificada como exploratÃria e descritiva e com base nos procedimentos tÃcnicos classifica-se como um estudo de caso, utilizando-se o questionÃrio para a coleta dos dados. Referido questionÃrio foi dividido em trÃs partes: 1. Perguntas para descrever o perfil profissional; 2. Perguntas fechadas sobre as condiÃÃes objetivas e subjetivas, apresentadas atravÃs de uma escala de Likert composta de cinco itens de resposta; e 3. Pergunta aberta sobre as condiÃÃes de trabalho. Para apresentaÃÃo dos dados foram utilizadas as tÃcnicas da estatÃstica descritiva, cujos resultados foram demonstrados atravÃs de grÃficos. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram um contexto onde as condiÃÃes de trabalho dos SecretÃrios Executivos, principalmente, com relaÃÃo à infraestrutura fÃsica, sÃo consideradas satisfatÃrias, na opiniÃo dos profissionais, porÃm, alguns aspectos que afetam a subjetividade desses profissionais precisam ser observados, principalmente, com relaÃÃo Ãs relaÃÃes interpessoais e a falta de reconhecimento e valorizaÃÃo por parte da instituiÃÃo. / This study examines the working conditions of Executive Secretaries at the Federal University of Cearà (UFC). Interest in this problem stems from the need to understand the impacts to workers after the changing world of work demanded by phenomena such as globalization and neoliberalism, where the public sector, inserted in this context, also suffers the consequences of this new world order being pressured to conform to existing models. Specifically for the professional executive secretarial, are required new knowledge and new requirements, and, in many situations, the conditions necessary for the completion of this work is not satisfactory. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the conditions - objective and subjective - the work of professional executive secretarial work at the Federal University of Cearà (UFC). The especifics objectives were defined to characterize the profile of the executive secretaries at the institution; analyze the objective conditions regarding ergonomic hazards and physical infrastructure, and to analyze the subjective aspects such as the degree of autonomy, participation in decision making and recognition, and others. This research uses in its theoretical, studies by Antunes (2007), Harvey (2005), Alves (1997),Nonato Jr. (2009), Iida (2005), among others. The research is based on the goals classified as exploratory and descriptive, based on technical procedures classified as a case study using the questionnaire for data collection. This questionnaire was divided into three parts: 1. Asked to characterize the professional profile 2. Closed questions about the objective and subjective conditions, presented through a Likert scale consisting of five response items, and 3. Open question about the working conditions. To present the data we have used descriptive statistics and the results were demonstrated by graphs. The survey results reveal a context where the working conditions of Executive Secretaries, especially with respect to physical infrastructure, are considered satisfactory in the opinion of professionals, however, some aspects that affect the subjectivity of these professionals need to be observed, especially with relation to interpersonal relationships and lack of recognition and appreciation by the institution.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-17T14:35:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rosenildesoaresdasilva.pdf: 984021 bytes, checksum: 34beb7f1bbab17062739049890a5855d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-20T13:55:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rosenildesoaresdasilva.pdf: 984021 bytes, checksum: 34beb7f1bbab17062739049890a5855d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T13:55:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rosenildesoaresdasilva.pdf: 984021 bytes, checksum: 34beb7f1bbab17062739049890a5855d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-15 / A presente dissertação é desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAEd/UFJF). O caso de gestão estudado discutiu a supervisão educacional desenvolvida pela Secretaria Executiva Adjunta do Interior do Amazonas (SEAI). Os objetivos definidos para este estudo são analisar o trabalho desenvolvido pelos supervisores educacionais da SEAI considerando os impactos decorrentes da ausência de um instrumento padronizado de supervisão e propor ações que visem ao aprimoramento do processo de supervisão escolar da Secretaria Executiva Adjunta do Interior do Amazonas. Assumimos como hipótese que a falta de mecanismos próprios de supervisão, de uma regulamentação que normatize as atribuições deste profissional e, consequentemente, o estabelecimento de prioridades e objetivos para este trabalho, podem ser as causas para que o trabalho de supervisão ainda não esteja atendendo às expectativas dos envolvidos no processo. Fizemos uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa, na qual utilizamos para a produção dos dados uma entrevista realizada com a secretária executiva adjunta do interior e questionários elaborados pela ferramenta Google Formulários, que foram aplicados a supervisores da SEAI e coordenadores regionais de Educação. A proposta do estudo foi uma análise da supervisão da SEAI a partir do olhar de alguns sujeitos desse processo, identificando as fragilidades e potencialidades do trabalho. Como resultado do estudo, foi apresentado um Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE), propondo-se alternativas de melhoria desse trabalho. / The present dissertation is developed under the scope of Professional Master in Management and Evaluation of Education (PPGP) of the Center for Public Policies and Education Evaluation of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CAEd / UFJF). The management case study and discuss the educational supervision developed by the Deputy Executive Secretary of the Interior of the Amazon (SEAI). The objectives defined for this study were analyzed by the work developed by supervision considering the impacts resulting from the lack of a standardized supervision instrument and propose actions aimed at improving the school supervision process of the Deputy Executive Secretary of the Interior of the Amazon. We assume as hypotheses that the lack of proper supervisory mechanisms, a regulation that regulates the duties of this professional and, consequently, the establishment of the priorities and objectives for this work, may be the causes that does not the supervision work not yet meeting the expectations involved in process. One quality of research application in the form of means of communication for the production of the data, an interview with the executive Secretary of the Interior and questionnaires elaborated by tool, forms, which were applied to the supervision of SEAI and Regional Education Coordinators. A proposal for the study and analysis of SEAI, from the look of the perspective of some subjects of this process, identifying the fragilities and the potential of the work. As a result of the study and execution Educational Action Plan (PAE), which proposing better work alternatives.

[pt] O estudo analisa processos de categorização da profissão de secretária na entrevista de pesquisa entre a pesquisadora e a gatekeeper (Roberts, 2000) responsável pela seleção, que acessa informações sobre empregador e empregado, compondo o perfil do candidato. O objetivo da pesquisa é identificar as categorias presentes nos dados, sua função, e as formas como as participantes as trouxeram interacionalmente, visto que estas formas compõem os significados discursivos das categorias. A análise, qualitativa interpretativa, adota uma perspectiva micro sócio-interacional. A pesquisadora participa da entrevista, procurando obter uma visão intradiscursiva dos dados. Sobre teoria e análise, estudos de processos de categorização de membros e conhecimento senso-comum (Sacks, 1992; Garfinkel, 1967; Polanyi, 1969) são essenciais para entender as atividades de significação das participantes. Estudos sobre entrevistas de emprego (Silveira, 1998)demonstram a influência interacional do contexto institucional. Igualmente relevantes são pesquisas sobre vozes discursivas (Günthner, 1997) e mapeamento interacional (Sarangi, 2007). Assim, esta pesquisa observa a categorização em seus contextos, formas e vozes. Os resultados da análise revelam que o processo de seleção é influenciado pela categorização. Uma teia de relações entre categorias de membros, atividades, aparência, entre outras, ocorre nos dados. Esta pesquisa pretende contribuir para as teorias da categorização, e para os estudos discursivos sobre as entrevistas e seleções de emprego. / [en] This study analyses categorization processes about the secretary in a research interview between the researcher and the gatekeeper (Roberts, 2000) responsible for selection, who accesses information about employer and employee, building the candidate`s profile. The aim of the research is to identify the categories, as well as their function in the data, and the forms by which the participants interactionally brought them to speech, since they compose categories` discursive meanings. On the analysis, qualitative interpretative, a micro socio-interactional perspective is adopted. The researcher participates on the interview, obtaining an intra-discursive view of data. On theory and analysis, studies about membership categorization processes and about common-sense knowledge (Sacks, 1992; Garfinkel, 1967; Polanyi, 1969) are essential to understand the participants` meaning activities. Studies about job interviews (Silveira, 1998) display the interactional influence of the institutional context. Also relevant are studies about discursive voices (Günthner, 1997) and interactional mapping (Sarangi, 2007). Therefore, this research, observes categorization in its contexts, forms and voices. The analytical results reveal the influence of categorization on the selection process. A web of relationships, between categories of members, activities, appearance and others, takes place during the discourse in the data. This research aims to contribute to the theories of categorization and also to discourse studies about job interviews and selections.

[pt] Esta dissertação discute o impacto das relações interpessoais e das atividades desempenhadas no trabalho na (re)construção de identidades profissionais, tendo como foco narrativas de estória de vida de Secretárias Executivas. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com seis secretárias de Presidência e Vice-Presidência de empresas de grande e pequeno porte, públicas e privadas, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A partir de uma perspectiva interacional e à luz da teoria da narrativa proposta por Linde (1993), este estudo investiga o modo como avaliações, crônicas e explicações são utilizadas como recursos lingüísticos capazes de conferir coerência às trajetórias profissionais dessas secretárias. Os resultados apontam para a importância de aspectos como gênero, idade e aparência física na composição do perfil da secretária, bem como para a relevância da discussão de questões como: obrigatoriedade de formação acadêmica para atuação na área de secretariado, autonomia, status, poder e prestígio social dessa profissão. / [en] This dissertation discusses the impact of interpersonal relationships and activities performed at work in the (re)construction of professional identities, focusing on life story narratives of of Executive Assistants. Therefore, individual interviews were conducted with six secretaries of the Presidency and Vice Presidency of large, small, public and private companies, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Under an interactional perspective and the narrative theory proposed by Linde (1993), this study investigates how evaluations, chronicles and explanations are used as linguistic features that convey coherence to these Executive Assistants’ career paths. The results indicate the importance of issues such as gender, age and physical appearance for the composition of a secretarial profile, as well as they highlight the discussion of issues such as mandatory academic training for insertion in the secretarial work, autonomy, status, power and social prestige of this profession.

This dissertation is in two parts, each of three chapters. In Part 1, I shall prove some results concerning variants of the 'secretary problem'. In Part 2, I shall bound several generalizations of the acyclic chromatic number of a graph as functions of its maximum degree. I shall begin Chapter 1 by describing the classical secretary problem, in which the aim is to select the best candidate for the post of a secretary, and its solution. I shall then summarize some of its many generalizations that have been studied up to now, provide some basic theory, and briefly outline the results that I shall prove. In Chapter 2, I shall suppose that the candidates come as ‘m’ pairs of equally qualified identical twins. I shall describe an optimal strategy, a formula for its probability of success and the asymptotic behaviour of this strategy and its probability of success as m → ∞. I shall also find an optimal strategy and its probability of success for the analagous version with ‘c’-tuplets. I shall move away from known posets in Chapter 3, assuming instead that the candidates come from a poset about which the only information known is its size and number of maximal elements. I shall show that, given this information, there is an algorithm that is successful with probability at least ¹/e . For posets with ‘k ≥ 2’ maximal elements, I shall prove that if their width is also ‘k’ then this can be improved to ‘k-1√1/k’ and show that no better bound of this type is possible. In Chapter 4, I shall describe the history of acyclic colourings, in which a graph must be properly coloured with no two-coloured cycle, and state some results known about them and their variants. In particular, I shall highlight a result of Alon, McDiarmid and Reed, which bounds the acyclic chromatic number of a graph by a function of its maximum degree. My results in the next two chapters are of this form. I shall consider two natural generalizations in Chapter 5. In the first, only cycles of length at least ’l’ must receive at least three colours. In the second, every cycle must receive at least ‘c’ colours, except those of length less than ‘c’, which must be multicoloured. My results in Chapter 6 generalize the concept of a cycle; it is now subgraphs with minimum degree ‘r’ that must receive at least three colours, rather than subgraphs with minimum degree two (which contain cycles). I shall also consider a natural version of this problem for hypergraphs.