The retail industry is in a motion of fascinating developments, it can be currently alleged that it is one of the most innovating fields within research. Online retailing in particular has experienced major changes in recent years. However, these developments are slowing down as online retailing is entering a mature state. Online fashion companies now have to consider new strategies to further evolve their businesses. Innovative Online companies have taken action towards a multi-channel sales distribution strategy, some have even gone as far as adopting an omni-channel approach. With that statement, this study attempts to add different insights to the topic by focusing on the issue of online expanding offline from a company point of view. Empirical data included company and industry specialist interviews as well as a questionnaire that was used for pre-research and developing propositions. This resulted in three findings that involved both advantages and disadvantages in Online fashion retailers evolving offline. Firstly, whether or not an Online fashion company should expand offline depends entirely on the ambition level and type of company interviewed. Secondly, it can be concluded that Online fashion companies have the desire to keep their current business model, though they cannot continue with the same strategy in the long run. Lastly, if an offline presence is established, a traditional expansion strategy cannot be used, but innovative concepts are required (mixed realities). If this strategy is taken seriously, expanding offline could be the solution to reach a higher level of online retailing and company success. / Program: Master Programme in Fashion Management

I ett samhälle där tiden blir en allt mer avgörande faktor ökar konsumenternas efterfrågan på tidsbesparande konsumtion. E-handel erbjuder konsumenter besparandet av tid och bekvämlighet genom att det är möjligt att göra inköp, när som helst och var som helst. När företag väljer att tillämpa e-handel innebär det att de inte längre kan möta kunden öga mot öga. Vid hemparty, som är en form av direkthandel, sker försäljningen i direktkontakt med kunden. Försäljningen äger rum i kundens hem tillsammans med dennes vänner och bekanta. Deltagaren på ett hemparty erbjuds personlig försäljning likväl som möjlighet att prova och uppleva produkten. Samma möjlighet erbjuds dessvärre inte över internet. För produkter som behöver upplevas, såsom kläder, krävs kreativa e-handelslösningar för att komma nära den fysiska upplevelsen som ges vid hempartyn. Detta leder fram till uppsatsens forskningsfråga: Hur kan ett direkthandelsföretag inom modebranschen tillämpa hempartyts säljverktyg på internet i form av en nätbutik?För att besvara vår forskningsfråga krävs det att vi tar reda på vilka hempartyts säljverktyg är, detta gör vi i samarbete med direkthandels- och klädföretaget Cattis Design och dess kunder. Genom att låta företagets kunder besvara en internetenkät ville vi få en uppfattning om vad dem hade för attityder till hemparty och klädinköp över internet. Tillsammans med den kvantitativa metoden har vi även utfört kvalitativa undersökningar i form av en företagsintervju och en observation under ett hemparty. Tillsammans med resultatet från våra undersökningar och litteratur har vi kunnat definiera vilka hempartyt säljverktyg är. Vi har kommit fram till att direkthandelsföretag som vill tillämpa hempartyts säljverktyg på internet bör fokusera på att involvera och engagera kunden i köpprocessen. Nätbutiken bör vara personlig och ge kunden möjlighet att få personlig rådgivning. För att skapa känslan av socialt umgänge i en nätbutik kan företag använda sig av sociala medier och på så sätt låta kunderna integrera med varandra. Several direct selling companies see the e-commerce as an opportunity to provide their customers with more available products, by giving them the opportunity to place orders over the internet. Direct selling, in form of home parties, is a unique way to create a consumers base for a company. When the company has established a solid customer base, it’s possible to develop the business by starting a store on the internet or in some cases a traditional commerce store. Selling through home parties means that the company usually conducted face-to-face manner either where products are demonstrated to an individual or to a group. The service gives directly to the costumers who are offered personal selling as well as the opportunity to try out and experience the product in their homes, or in other location away from permanent retail premises. E-commerce does not offer the customers the same opportunities for personal selling over the internet. Nor does the customer have the same opportunity to experience the product. For products that need to be experienced such as clothes that need to be tried on, requires creative e-commerce solutions for getting close to the physical experience when the personal touch is often missed by consumers on the internet. This paper is therefore discussing how a direct selling company can apply the same sales tools on the internet which home party gives. / Program: Butikschef, textil och mode

A formação territorial do Brasil foi marcada por duas grandes características: a grande extensão das propriedades e a indefinição quanto aos seus limites. Se em um primeiro momento a sua aquisição se dava por concessões feitas pela Coroa Portuguesa, ou pela simples ocupação, com o passar do tempo também surgiram vendas entre os próprios particulares. Com estas características, uma questão inevitável surge já no final do século XIX na doutrina e jurisprudência brasileiras: havendo divergência entre a área tratada e a efetivamente apurada, a quem cabe a responsabilidade? O primeiro problema é o do direito aplicável: Ordenações ou Direito Subsidiário? E, neste último caso, qual seria o direito? Os Códigos Civis de 1916 e de 2002 trouxeram em seu bojo artigos tratando especificamente da questão. Contudo, permaneceram dúvidas, em especial quanto à natureza da proteção concedida às partes chave de todo o sistema. O presente trabalho pretende demonstrar, com base em subsídios históricos, que a solução tradicionalmente adotada a cisão das vendas entre ad corpus e ad mensuram é inadequada, propondo um outro modo, resgatado do passado, de se compreender o tema. / The territorial evolution of Brazil is regarded by two important characteristics: the great extension of the land properties, and the unclear definition of its limits. At first, the acquisition of land occurred by concession of the Portuguese monarchy or simply by the territorial occupation. Later on, there would be a land trade between commoners. By the end of the nineteenth century, the characteristics of the land occupation bring about an unavoidable question to the legal thinkers and court decisions: who should be responsible in case of divergence between the contracted dimensions and the found dimensions ? The first problem regards the applicable law. Portuguese \"Ordenações do Reino\" or the \"Direito Subsidiário\"? And, on the latter case, what would be the solution? The Brazilian civil codes of 1916 and 2002 brought within articles regarding the question. Nevertheless, there is still uncertainty, especially concerning the nature of the legal protection given to the parts - the key of the whole system. The aim of the present work is to demonstrate that, based on the historical facts, the solution traditionally adopted - the division of the purchasing agreements, between ad corpus and ad mensuram selling - is inappropriate. In addition, the work proposes a distinctive way of understanding the topic, based on the past.

The thesis investigates contemporary sexual cultures through the lens of British women's experiences of buying and using sexual commodities. Sexual consumer culture offers women a comprehensive programme of what Foucault calls ‘technologies of the self': a language, set of knowledge, and field of expertise through which the sexual self learns to articulate itself in order to become intelligible. Consuming and using sexual products to achieve ‘better' sex and construct a knowledgeable and ‘confident' sexual identity form a key part of the neoliberal project of the sexual self. Sex shopping culture reproduces a ‘postfeminist sensibility' (Gill, 2007), representing a ‘double entanglement' (McRobbie, 2009) with feminism by inciting and requiring women to construct and perform their sexualities through a narrow depoliticised discourse of sexual ‘choice', ‘empowerment', and consumerism. The thesis draws upon data from 22 one-to-one semi-structured interviews and 7 accompanied shopping trips to sex shops. A central contention of the analysis is that women use a diverse range of discursive, embodied and everyday strategies in order to ‘make do' with the kinds of femininity and female sexuality that sex shop culture represents (de Certeau, 1998). The thesis investigates three key spheres of social and everyday life at which sexual consumer culture is negotiated: spaces (the location, layout and experience of sex shops); bodies (the forms of bodily ‘becoming' offered by wearing lingerie in sexual contexts); and objects (using sex toys and the enabling and disabling of possibilities for sexual pleasures and practices). Each section demonstrates the constraints, anxieties and potential pleasures of constructing sexual identities in and through neoliberal and postfeminist consumer culture, whilst at the same time exploring the potential for contradiction, negotiation and resistance evidenced in the multiple ways in which women take up the sexual identities and practices offered by sex shopping.

by Leung Man-Wai, Dannie. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-70). / ABSTRACT --- p.i / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.5 / Chapter III. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.7 / Reengineering --- p.7 / What is Reengineering? --- p.7 / Approaches to Reengineering --- p.10 / The Role of Management in Reengineering --- p.11 / Why Reengineering Project Failed and Succeeded? --- p.13 / Relationship Between Reengineering and Information Technology --- p.14 / Human Dimensions in Reengineering --- p.16 / The Concept of Selling Chain Management --- p.18 / Chapter IV. --- REENGINEERING THE SELLING CHAIN AT DATA GENERAL CORPORATION --- p.20 / Company Background --- p.20 / Call to Action --- p.21 / The Reengineering Competency Group --- p.22 / Reengineer the Selling Chain --- p.24 / Problems Before Reengineering --- p.24 / Three Phases of Reengineering --- p.27 / Redesign Concepts Applied --- p.37 / The Lessons Learnt --- p.38 / The Reengineered Data General --- p.42 / Critical Success Factors of Data General Reengineering --- p.42 / Chapter V. --- TECHNOLOGY-ENABLED SELLING --- p.45 / Aligning Technology-Enabled Selling with Selling Chain Management --- p.45 / What Is Technology-Enabled Selling? --- p.46 / The Impact of the Sales Organization on SCM --- p.46 / A Transition in Customer Relationships --- p.47 / Moving the Decision Point --- p.47 / Fact-Based Presentation --- p.48 / Optimizing the Selling Chain and Maximizing Profit --- p.49 / The Building Blocks of Technology-Enabled Selling --- p.49 / Opportunity Management System --- p.49 / Marketing Information System --- p.50 / Sales Configuration System --- p.51 / Sales Order Management System --- p.53 / The Interactive Selling System --- p.53 / Which Building Block Should be Implemented First? --- p.54 / Leveraging the Benefits of Technology-Enabled Selling --- p.55 / Avoiding the Cost-Reduction Pitfall --- p.55 / Understand the Market Force --- p.56 / Demonstrating Customer Value --- p.57 / Selling Models Consideration --- p.58 / Chapter VI. --- REDESIGNING DATA GENERAL'S SELLING CHAIN IN ASIA --- p.62 / Chapter VII. --- CONCLUSION --- p.67 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.68

The aim of this work is to clarify the fundamental role and impact of psychology and buzzmarketing in practice. Also approach the most important tools needed to understand the proper utilization of all their advantages, such as procedures to become a successful professional seller, how to avoid failure and to be able to cope with problems, how to communicate with clients and how is this all influenced by the motivation itself. The work provides an overview of how psychology of selling is closely related to buzzmarketing. These theoretical findings are substantiated and analyzed on the basis of empirical research in wholesale and in depth research in a particular retail chain.

This working paper discusses in its first section differences between active and passive investment strategies. It also deals with convenience of active funds by overcoming returns of indices size of fees and share of assets in active and passive investment forms. It also discusses index investing and exchange traded funds. The second chapter deals with short selling, its history, regulation, fees and criteria for short selling. Last chapter analyzed financial indicators of stock titles from DSW Watchlist. The results of the analysis have been also tested. Results are shown in the third chapter itself and relevant annexes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Jose Vilmar de Oliveira.pdf: 344198 bytes, checksum: d8223b0fe77e3a2555b29e25161d8820 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-27 / The general objective of this search consists of analyzing the selling prices in the companies of maintenance services in Barra Mansa city, Rio de Janeiro, state. The p resent work verifies the qualification of the involved professionals in the confection of the selling costs and price in the companies and the interference of the owners in the determination therm. The work was divided in five chapters, at the first one it describes, beyond the mentioned objectives, the problem, the assumption, the methodology and the limit of this search. In the second chapter, the literary revision investigates some authors that shows the concepts of costs and selling prices, the vision of reengeneering, responsible for substitution the proper men s work power at the companies for outsorce of services and the use of another companies. They are observed under the view of Administration Sciences and the Law, that is the base of the global phenomenon called outsourcing. At the third chapter, the methodology was on field research treated with a description about the company, the place of this study, the history of Barra Mansa city, it is determine which research instrument and collects of da ta will be used. At the fourth chapter, after receiving the report sent to that woes business's leaders, they will be analysed of another companies and the results will be done, to obtain the structural picture of the companies, as their sizes, the profess ional profile of the employees that work in the acountable area and the profile of the owners. At the fifth chapter it will be made the conclusions and it will be presented some suggestions to the outsorce companies. / O objetivo geral nesta disserta??o consiste em analisar os pre?os de venda nas empresas prestadoras de servi?os de manuten??o, na cidade de Barra Mansa, estado do Rio de Janeiro. O presente trabalho trata de verificar a qualifica??o dos profissionais envolvidos na confec??o dos custos e pre?o de vendas nas empresas e a interfer?ncia dos propriet?rios na determina??o dos mesmos. O trabalho foi realizado em cinco cap?tulos, sendo que no primeiro, descreve-se, al?m dos objetivos mencionados, a formula??o do problema, a suposi??o, a metodologia e a limita??o do estudo. No segundo cap?tulo, a Revis?o Liter?ria, s?o investigados v?rios autores que mostram conceitos de custos e pre?o s de venda, a vis?o da reengenharia, respons?vel pela substitui??o da m?o-de-obra pr?pria das empresas por prestadores de servi?os e a terceiriza??o, vista sob a ?tica das Ci?ncias da Administra??o e do Direito, que embasam este fen?meno global chamado ter ceiriza??o. No terceiro cap?tulo realiza -se a metodologia da pesquisa de campo, com um hist?rico sobre a empresa, local do estudo, a hist?ria da cidade de Barra Mansa, determina-se qual o instrumento de pesquisa e coleta de dados. No quarto cap?tulo, ap?s o recebimento do question?rio enviado aos dirigentes empresariais terceirizados, realiza-se a an?lise e discuss?o dos resultados, onde, tem-se, o retrato estrutural das empresas, como o seu tamanho, o perfil profissional dos funcion?rios que trabalham na ?rea cont?bil e o perfil dos propriet?rios. No quinto cap?tulo faz -se as conclus?es e apresenta - se algumas sugest?es ?s empresas terceirizadas.

Na atual fase da economia neoliberal, com a reformulação produtiva das relações de capital e trabalho, em que se busca a reprodução ampliada do capital, a configuração da economia globalizada tem levado a uma nova ordem dialética entre o circuito superior e inferior. As dinâmicas recentes da economia brasileira vêm influindo na expansão dos dois circuitos da economia urbana nas grandes cidades brasileiras. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o sistema de venda direta, uma forma de comercialização promovida por empresas como a Avon e a Natura, que fabricam e comercializam produtos cosméticos e perfumaria diretamente da indústria para o consumidor, tendo como área de estudo a cidade de Jundiaí (SP) e a Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, no período de 1990 a 2010. Esta forma de estratégia empresarial, a venda direta, permite a inserção de uma variada gama de trabalhadores, geralmente urbanos, integrando-se ao modelo de produção dominante, a partir de um contrato comercial. Na compreensão desse processo, impôs-se a análise na qual se potencializa a acumulação de capital sob a forma de exploração da força de trabalho, cada vez mais flexível e precário. Essa articulação, que explica a existência combinada e concomitante de diferentes estágios tecnológicos no interior do mesmo conjunto de processos produtivos, torna indiscutível que o critério de moderno e atrasado são faces do mesmo modo de reprodução social capitalista. Se no passado a venda direta era adotada por algumas poucas empresas, hoje é adotada por grandes e pequenas. Nesse sentido, é necessária a compreensão das transformações das grandes empresas, que constituem o circuito superior da economia, com o circuito inferior, em sua busca de reprodução ampliada de capital por meio da acumulação primitiva, presentes em muitas formas de trabalho contemporâneo. Foram estudadas as empresas de venda direta que distribuem seus produtos por meio de catálogos (Avon e Natura), por carrinhos (Nestlé e Yakult) e o caso do marketing de rede (Forever Living Products), demonstrando a peculiaridade de cada atividade em suas diferenciações dentro do sistema de venda direta. Nossa análise apontou para a capacidade, tanto do circuito superior como do circuito inferior, em se renovar e se expandir, no período de globalização. Em suma, uma reflexão sobre os dois circuitos da economia urbana nos coloca diante de novas interações entre o capital e o trabalho no período atual. / In the current phase of neoliberal economics, with the productive reformulation of the relations of capital and labor, which seeks expanded reproduction of capital, the economy has led to a new dialectic order between the upper and lower circuits. The recent dynamics of the Brazilian economy are influencing the expansion of the two circuits of urban economy in large cities. This research aims to analyze the direct selling system, a type of marketing promoted by companies such as Avon and Natura, which manufacture and market cosmetics and perfumery directly from industry to consumers, with the study area being Jundiaí (SP) and the metropolitan area of São Paulo, from 1990 to 2010. This form of corporate strategy, direct selling, allows the inclusion of a diverse range of employees, usually urban, integrating into the dominant model of production, starting from a commercial contract. In understanding this process, it was imposed the analysis which enhances the accumulation of capital in the form of exploitation of the workforce, increasingly flexible and precarious. This coordination, which explains the existence and simultaneous combination of different technological stages within the same set of manufacturing processes, makes it unquestionable that the criterion of \"modern\" and \"delayed\" are faces of the same mode of capitalist social reproduction. If in the past direct selling was adopted by a few companies, today it is adopted by large and small ones. Thus, it is necessary to understand the transformations of large enterprises, which constitute the upper circuit of the economy, with the lower circuit, in their search for enlarged reproduction of capital through primitive accumulation, present in many forms of contemporary work. We studied the direct selling companies that distribute their products through catalogs (Avon and Natura), cart sales (Yakult and Nestlé) and the case of network marketing (Forever Living Products), showing the peculiarities of each activity in their differentiation inside the direct selling system. Our analysis pointed to the ability of both the upper circuit and lower circuit in renewing and expanding in the period of globalization. In short, a reflection on the two circuits of urban economy puts us in front of new interactions between capital and labour in the current period.

The literature on short selling documents substantial evidence that short sellers are generally informed investors (e.g., Diamond and Verrecchia, 1987; Asquith and Muelbrook, 1996). This dissertation investigates three specific implications of informed short selling for a firm and its investors. The first essay investigates if short selling discourages managers from pursuing over-optimistic projects by reducing equity market timing. By conditioning short selling on firm overvaluation, this essay shows that short selling reduces managerial equity market timing and increases leverage. This moderating impact of short selling is more pronounced in smaller firms and those with low institutional ownership or higher intangible assets. Furthermore, the results show that board independence facilitates the above effect of short selling which helps protect shareholder interests. The second essay investigates if board independence reduces informed short selling prior to earnings announcements. This essay estimates short sellers’ correct prediction of the direction of unexpected quarterly earnings through Logistic regression and finds that short sellers’ correct prediction decreases in firms with independent boards relative to firms with non-independent boards. Furthermore, this effect is more pronounced in firms with CEO duality and large board size. The quasi-natural experiment using the exogenous shock to board independence from the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, provides further support to our hypotheses. The third essay provides Sell recommendations by examining pre-announcement short selling of firms ahead of their earnings announcements. The methodology makes Sell recommendations for firms with the highest short position prior to their quarterly earnings announcement. The post-announcement raw, excess, and abnormal returns of firms having the Sell recommendations are statistically and economically significant for multiple-holding periods showing the methodology’s significant trading strategy implication. This dissertation significantly contributes to short selling, governance, capital structure, and investment literature.