No / This paper aims to explore the contribution of combined social constructionist and existential perspectives to the understanding of leadership and calls for a reconsideration of the objectivist, functionalist assumptions and approaches to leadership. It aims to argue the value of incorporating the subjective perspective through two related approaches

This study investigates the social dynamics of a pre-merger process between two tertiary education organisations in Christchurch, New Zealand. An emic/ insider research approach was used as the author was an employee of one of the merging organisations. Primary data was collected through personal observations and unstructured and semi-structured interviews with thirty merger participants consisting of, general and academic staff, management, and one student. Secondary data sources included existing merger literature, organisational communication and change policies, and press articles. The study focused on four aspects of social dynamics: i) use of language, ii) expression of emotions, iii) meaning making, and iv) exit behaviour. The use of language depicted the merger as a battle that felt like a war-zone, while humour was used as a prop and revealed sub-text of negative emotions. Expression of emotions portrayed the intensity of feeling, acted as a lens to process meaning, and heightened the organisational atmosphere. Recipients of the merger such as, staff attributed different meanings to the change than those in charge of the merger did such as, management, which impacted relationships, self-confidence, career direction, and provoked self-assessment. Overall, staff felt excluded from the merger process and as a result exercised a range of exit behaviours including escapism, withholding of effort, disengagement, and defiance. This study suggests that minimising dysfunctional exit behaviour can be achieved through inclusive communication processes, transparent decision-making, and acknowledgement and management of emotions. An inclusive merger structure should provide mechanisms for staff to express emotions as well as integrate roles that enable what is important to staff to be built into the process. Additionally, as mergers are likely to be contested processes, management skill is required to defuse stress and tension, and to resolve conflicts.

A recent study of the language question in Mozambique criticises the fact that not enough practical attention is being given by the ruling party to the promotion of the Indigenous languages in spite of the rhetorical commitment to this. This research-study intends to argue for the need to empower Mozambican (and other Southern African) indigenous languages for more extended functions in national life. It is hoped that it will make a contribution to the understanding of the sociopsychological, sociolinguistic, and sociopolitical dimensions of language attitudes in the Mozambican language context. Therefore, the first Chapter will analyse the socio-historical foundations necessary for an understanding of current language attitudes in Mozambique. It is important to emphasise, at this point, that a more general sociological approach or an approach considering language attitudes will be adopted in preference to an approach with political analysis (such as Phillipson, R.). Considering that the Chapter presents a brief definition of the subject, a review of the literature and suggestions of areas for future research, I propose to divide it in two ; Part I and Part II. The second will attempt to provide a concise account of the present language situation in Mozambique. In the third Chapter, an investigation of language attitudes research in Mozambique will be carried out, together with pointers as to how such research may contribute to language policy-making, language-planning and action. Then, the study will outline the methodologies to be used in language attitudes research and suggest how future research should proceed. It will show the major findings of the research and discuss important areas for future studies. Finally, the Chapter will explore the attitudinal dimensions of language speaker numbers and power variables. Chapter four will discuss different aspects of the difficult issue of language use in education in Mozambique, in particular, and Southern Africa, in general. Chapter five will stress the need to promote the indigenous languages of Mozambique, in particular, and Southern Africa in general. Chapter six will consider the context of language planning in Mozambique and Southern Africa. The Chapter then will explore some traits of a forward-looking language planning policy for multilingual contexts. The concluding Chapter, will highlight the implications of the entire study for multilingual situations, discuss the implications of the findings for the question of language planning and language teaching in Mozambique, and make recommendations that those in this field may find useful.

Die in Litauen stattfindenden sozialen Prozesse, wie rasche demographische Alterung oder die Veränderung der Familienstrukturen, stellen den Staat vor die Aufgabe, für den schwächeren Teil der Bevölkerung zu sorgen, d.h. denjenigen zu helfen, denen es schwerer fällt, sich an die Herausforderungen des alltäglichen Lebens anzupassen, indem man die Fähigkeiten fördert selbständig den Alltag zu meistern und am gesellschaftlichen Leben teilzunehmen. Die sozialen Dienste zu Hause (Heimpflege) stellen eine der wichtigsten Unterstützungsformen für Pflegebedürftige dar, die aus verschiedenen Gründen, sei es Alter, Behinderung oder schwache Gesundheit, nicht in der Lage sind, für sich selbst zu sorgen. Die vorliegende Arbeit hatte die Untersuchung der Erweiterungsmöglichkeiten der sozialen Dienste in der Stadt Vilnius zum Ziel. Die Aufgaben der Untersuchung bestanden darin, die Bedeutung der sozialen Dienste zu Hause bei der Lösung gesellschaftlicher Probleme festzustellen, die Prinzipien und Bedingungen der sozialen Dienste zu Hause zu ergründen, ferner die Entwicklungstendenzen der sozialen Heimdienste zu analysieren, die Faktoren festzuhalten, die den Ausbau der sozialen Heimdienste beeinflussen sowie Vorschläge für das Modell einer komplexen Heimhilfe zu unterbreiten. In der Untersuchung wurden folgende Methoden angewandt: theoretische (Studium, Analyse sowie Verallgemeinerung sowohl der Gesetze, normativen Rechtsakte, die die sozialen Heimdienste reglementieren wie auch der... [to full text]

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Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-09-16T12:07:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cíntia Miguel Kaefer_.pdf: 4730167 bytes, checksum: 2c9716b36cda1023849c8848b50bcad7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-16T12:07:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cíntia Miguel Kaefer_.pdf: 4730167 bytes, checksum: 2c9716b36cda1023849c8848b50bcad7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-13 / Nenhuma / Esta dissertação é um estudo do caso construído a partir da denúncia de racismo que ocorreu em 28 de agosto de 2014. No início, envolvendo o goleiro Aranha, a torcedora Patrícia Moreira, a ESPN e o Grêmio, a partir de ofensas ocorridas no final da partida de futebol pela Copa do Brasil, em Porto Alegre. Nossa pergunta central: o que fez 'explodir' o dilema em processos midiáticos? A construção do caso abrangeu a observação da agonística entre instituições midiáticas, instituições midiatizadas e atores individuais em interação, em torno do tema e dilema, num contexto teórico sobre a circulação, os ambientes e os circuitos constituídos. Na pesquisa, desenhamos o percurso das interações, inauguradas por ato fundante - a denúncia de racismo dirigida às torcidas -, transformada, por uma operação semio-tecno-midiática, em focalização (Patrícia Moreira). A partir das análises preliminares realizadas, concluímos sobre a pertinência de acionar as formulações sobre a incerteza (Prigogine) para entendermos a propagação e circulação do acontecimento. A pesquisa se desenvolve na perspectiva do método em que é central a busca de inferências abdutivas (o caso), dedutivas (ampliações de observações e inferências sobre o empírico) e indutivas (a busca de relações transversais). As conclusões remetem à propagação como categoria central na constituição da incerteza, se contrapondo às tentativas, de diversos atores e instituições, em dar o caso (midiático) por encerrado. Nas conclusões, refletimos sobre o fim do fluxo das ondas. / This thesis is a study about a case built from the report of racism occurred on August 28th in 2014. In the beginning, the offenses involved the goalkeeper Aranha, the supporter Patrícia Moreira, ESPN and Grêmio Football at the end of a soccer match for Copa do Brasil (Brazil Cup) in Porto Alegre. Our key question was: what drove the dilemma in mediatic processes? The case construction comprehended the agonistic observation among mediatic institutions, mediatized institutions and individual actors in interaction, surrounding the theme and dilemma in a theoretical context about its circulation, the environments and the established circuits. In the research, we drew the trajectory of the interactions, opened by the founding act – the reported racism from the supporters – transformed, by a semio-techno-mediatic operation, into focalization (Patrícia Moreira). From the preliminary analysis carried out, it was concluded about the pertinence of activating the formulations about uncertainty (Prigogine) in order to understand the propagation and circulation of such event. The research is developed under the perspective of the method whose central search is for abductive inferences (the case), deductive (broadening of observations and inferences about the empiric) and inductive (the search for transversal relations). The conclusions remit to the propagation as central category in the constitution of uncertainty, opposing the attempts, from several actors and institutions, to cease the (mediatic) case. In the conclusions, there’s a reflection about the end of the flow of waves.

Edvinsson, J. & Eriksson, I. (2014). Den sociala omgivningens påverkan på kvinnors hälsa - En kvalitativ studie om sju unga kvinnors upplevelser. Kandidatuppsats i pedagogik. Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för Utbildning och Ekonomi, Avdelningen för utbildningsvetenskap. Den sociala omgivningen och dess processer har visat sig påverka individers upplevelser av vad hälsa är och även deras hälsoattityder- och beteenden. I dagsläget är däremot medvetenheten liten kring hur processerna påverkar dessa, samtidigt som kvinnor upplever sin hälsa sämre än någonsin. Det behövs mer forskning om fenomenet sociala processer och hälsa, som kan öka medvetenheten kring detta. Därför är syftet med denna studie att undersöka hur unga kvinnor beskriver hälsa samt hur de upplever att deras sociala omgivning påverkar deras hälsoattityder- och beteenden. Metoden som användes var kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju kvinnor mellan 20-30 år. Det insamlade materialet kategoriserades utifrån gemensamma teman och analyserats med inspiration av fenomenologi. Resultatet visade genom samlade upplevelser att kvinnorna upplevde hälsa som en balans mellan psykiskt och fysiskt välmående. Det fanns upplevelser av förväntningar och normer i omgivningen kring hälsoattityder- och beteenden, samtidigt som kvinnorna inte ansåg att dessa har någon påverkan på hur de upplevde hälsa. Omgivningen har med andra ord ingen uttalad påverkan på kvinnornas upplevelser av hälsa. Däremot går det inte att konstatera att påverkan inte sker eftersom det kan vara en omedveten process som sker i samspel med omgivningen. / Edvinsson, J. & Eriksson, I. (2014). Den sociala omgivningens påverkan på kvinnors hälsa - En kvalitativ studie om sju unga kvinnors upplevelser. Bachelor thesis in Education. University of Gavle, School of Education and Economy, Department of education science. The social environment and its different processes have been shown to influence individual’s perception of health and peoples’ attitude toward health and behavior constructions. However, the range of knowledge about these processes and their influence is small, while women perceive their health worse than ever. It is essential that more research be conducted, on the phenomenon of social processes and health, which can increase awareness around this. increase the awareness of health and its benefits. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate how young women describe health and how they perceive that heir social environment and surroundings influences their attitude and behavior toward health. The method that was used in this study was qualitative semi-constructed interviews that were answered by seven women, aged 20-30 years. The data have thereafter been categorized by common themes and was then analyzed with the help and inspiration of phenomenology. The result, the common experiences that these women shared, showed that health was perceived as a balance between psychical and physical wellbeing. The social environment contain expectations and norms regarding the attitudes and behaviors toward health, however the women did not conceive these to have any impact on their experience of health. The environment and surroundings have therefore no pronounced influence over the women’s experience of health. It is impossible, however, to verify that there are no influence what so ever, as it may be an unconscious process in interplay with the surroundings.

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[pt] Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo estudar a redação de vestibular enquanto gênero discursivo, visando caracterizar sua estrutura textual e enfocá-lo como um processo social dentro do contexto pedagógico. Buscando embasamento teórico na lingüística sistêmico-funcional (Halliday, 1994, Martin, 1989), nos estudos de gênero (Marchuschi, 2002) e em teorias de argumentação (Perelman, 1993, Breton, 1998), coletou-se um corpus de 135 redações, selecionadas de acordo com as notas a elas atribuídas. Os textos foram escritos por candidatos a cursos de diferentes áreas de três instituições de ensino superior, duas públicas e uma particular, localizadas em diferentes Estados do país. Como parte da análise foram observados os parâmetros de configuração textual do gênero através da identificação de tipos textuais e da descrição de estruturas argumentativas presentes nos textos. A redação de vestibular foi também estudada em termos de processos sociais, a partir da análise da sua relação com o contexto sócio-histórico e do uso de marcas de subjetividade e identidade discursivas presentes nos textos. A análise possibilitou ainda a caracterização do gênero estudado face ao discurso acadêmico, situando-o em uma esfera mais ampla, ou seja, partindo de sua materialização nos textos e relacionando-o ao contexto acadêmico. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que os candidatos utilizam em suas redações diferentes tipos textuais, bem como diversos tipos de argumentos, sendo freqüentes as narrativas e os argumentos que indicam afetividade. Estas características, bem como o uso recorrente de um esquema simplificado de argumentação, o uso constante explicitação do contexto (Biber, 1988, Oliveira, 2002) e o uso pouco constante de nominalizações que possibilitam a expressão de idéias abstratas em detrimento de processos, expressos por verbos que retratam ações (Halliday,1994), parecem contribuir para a caracterização dos textos como pouco acadêmicos, frustrando as expectativas dos avaliadores, e levando-os a serem avaliados pelas bancas como pouco eficientes. Por outro lado, o uso de argumentos criativos, dotados de humor e considerados como eficientes, bem como o uso reduzido de marcas de subjetividade demonstram estarem os textos em consonância com exigências do discurso acadêmico. Esta pesquisa, portanto, mostra ser esse um gênero que apresenta ao mesmo tempo vários movimentos constitutivos inerentes ao discurso acadêmico e aspectos dissonantes, típicos de um texto não acadêmico, sendo por isso relevante o estudo de sua caracterização discursiva e papel social, com vistas ao ensino de escrita no contexto pedagógico brasileiro. / [en] The objective of this research is to study university composition entrance examinations as a discourse genre, in order to characterize its textual structure and to examine it as a social process in the pedagogic context. Theoretical aspects of systemic-functional linguistics (Halliday, 1994, Martin, 1989), genre studies (Marchuschi, 2002) and argumentation principles (Perelman, 1993, Breton, 1998) were applied to a corpus of 135 assignments. The texts, selected according to a range of grade variation, were written in Portuguese by applicants for courses of several areas from three universities located in different Brazilian states, two public institutions and a private one. As part of the analysis, textual configuration parameters were observed through the identification of the use of text types and argumentative structures found in the compositions. The analysis also aimed at the characterization of that particular genre in terms of academic discourse, leading it beyond its materialization in texts into the wider perspective of its relationship with the academic context. Research results show that applicants use different text types in their assignments, as well as several kinds of arguments, narratives being frequent as well as arguments with some emotional appeal. These characteristics, as well as the recurrent use of an oversimplified argumentative scheme and constant context explicitation (Biber, 1988, Oliveira, 2002) and with the constant use of nominalizations that refer to abstract ideas rather than processes, expressed through verbal forms that refer to actions (Halliday, 1994), point towards academic discourse. seem to contribute towards the characterization of these texts as not totally fitting academic discourse, thus frustrating examiners´ expectations and being evaluated by the committees as inadequate, due to lack of efficiency. On the other hand, the use of creative and humorous arguments, which are considered efficient, with reduced use of subjectivity marks also demonstrate that the texts analyzed are in accordance with the requirements of the academic context. Therefore, this research leads into the conclusion that university composition entrance examinations show both constitutive aspects inherent to academic discourse and also some dissonant characteristics typical of nonacademic texts. These results reinforce the need for the discursive characterization of this genre and its study as a social process in the Brazilian pedagogic context.

[pt] Em suas aceleradas transformações, o mundo contemporâneo se apresenta diante dos nossos olhos como algo disforme no qual o designer procura caminhos de atuação. Em nossa tese procuramos investigar, dentro do campo da arte-design, práticas de resistência à sociedade de controle – tal como teorizada por autores como Foucault, Deleuze e Guattari, Negri – a partir da metáfora do monstro, ou melhor de monstruações entendidas como processos que emanam diretamente da vida social e alcançam uma dimensão estética. No primeiro capítulo apresentamos experiências históricas: da mestiçagem tal como concebida por Freyre à antropofagia proposta por Oswald de Andrade para a cultura moderna, passando pelo fricção entre arte e etnografia empreendida por Bataille; e mais tarde, das derivas dos Situacionistas aos happennings dos Tropicalistas, passando pelos Parangolés de Oiticica. Sempre no mesmo capítulo, apresentamos nossa proposta teórica de uma estética constituinte – estética da multidão – assim como hipóteses de outros designs possíveis. Nesse sentido, pesquisamos no segundo capítulo práticas estéticas de um precariado constituído por movimentos sociais urbanos – Sem Teto, Sem Emprego e Sem Máquinas Expressivas – em luta nas metrópoles. Denominamos Multiformances suas carnavalizações, performances e ocupações, e as analisamos a partir da filosofia da linguagem. Contudo, a efemeridade dessas manifestações nos levou a investigar como manter algum nível de mobilização política e de consistência estética para além do evento. No terceiro capítulo, analisamos práticas expressivas constituídas imediatamente nas redes sociais e tecnológicas da internet. Denominamos Plataformas essas práticas que distribuem, dispõem e maquinam o evento estético-político. Sua monstruosa cooperação desafia as capturas que caracterizam o capitalismo contemporâneo, dito cognitivo. Para além de um design engajado, concluímos sobre um design encarnado. / [en] In its accelerated transformation, the contemporary world presents itself as something disform in which designers seek ways of acting. In our thesis we investigate, within the field of art-design, practices of resistance to the society of control – as it was theorized by authors such as Foucault, Deleuze and Guattari, Negri – inspired by the metaphor of the monster, or rather by monstruations understood as processes that emanate from social life and achieve an aesthetic dimension. In the first chapter, we present a few historical experiences: the miscegenation as conceived by Freyre, the friction between art and ethnography undertaken by Bataille and the antropofagia as proposed by Oswald de Andrade for modern culture; and later, derives by the Situationists, parangolés by Hélio Oiticica and happennings by the Tropicalists. In the same chapter, we present our theoretical proposal of a constituent aesthetics – aesthetics of the multitude – as well as hypotheses of other possible designs. Accordingly, in the second chapter, we search for aesthetic practices of a precariate constituted by urban social movements – Homeless, Jobless and Medialess – fighting in the metropolis. We call Multiformances their carnivalizations, performances and squattings, and we analyze them with the philosophy of language. However, the ephemerality of these manifestations led us to investigate how to maintain some level of political mobilization and aesthetic consistency beyond the event. In the third chapter, we analyze expressive practices incorporated immediately in social and tecnological networks of the Internet. We call Platforms these practices that distribute, dispose and machinate aesthetic-political events. The monstrous cooperation of the multitude challenges contemporary capitalism, known as cognitive. Aside from an engaged design, we conclude on an incarnated design.