Objectives To explore environmental and individual factors that are associated with child development and to investigate whether the strength of these associations differs according to the age of the children. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting This study was part of the LIFE Child study, a large cohort study conducted in Leipzig, Germany. Participants 778 children aged between 0.5 and 6 years (48.6% girls, mean age=2.67 years). Outcome measures The outcomes were cognitive development, language development, body and hand motor skills, social-emotional development, and tracing skills, measured with a standardised development test. We analysed the associations between development and gestational age, socioeconomic status (SES), sex, behavioural difficulties, siblings, sleep duration, breastfeeding duration and overweight/obesity. We also tested for interactions between these variables and child age or sex. Results Higher gestational age (b ranging between 0.12 and 0.26) and higher SES (b ranging between 0.08 and 0.21) were associated with better outcomes in almost all developmental domains (all p<0.019). Children with older siblings had improved body and hand motor skills compared with children without older siblings (both b=0.55, all p<0.029). Boys had poorer scores than girls in body and hand motor skills and tracing (b=−0.45, −0.68 and −1.5, all p<0.019). Children with behavioural difficulties had significantly poorer outcomes in most developmental domains. Some of the associations with SES and sex were stronger in older than in younger children. Associations between gestational age and motor development were weaker in older children. We did not find significant associations between child development and sleep duration, breastfeeding duration or overweight/obesity. Conclusion Some factors had a protective, others an adverse effect on development of children under 6 years of age. The effect of SES and sex increased, while the effect of gestational age decreased with age. Trial registration number NCT02550236.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Background: The sociodemographic characteristics of consumers, as important determinants of consumer behavior, has not received much attention in research on Country of Origin (COO) effect. In practical, the rapid progress of urbanization in China has brought great demand in the furniture and home-decoration market. Sweden has variety of world-famous furniture and home-decoration brands and most of these have established business in China. There has rarely been research on Chinese consumers’ perceptions of Swedish furniture and home-decoration brands. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Chinese consumers’ sociodemographic characteristics on COO product image in terms of Swedish furniture and home-decoration products and how this affects and influences purchase intentions. Methods: Quantitative research is used in this study through a survey based on an online questionnaire. We test our research model with seven hypotheses based on the survey consisting of 269 valid questionnaires from Chinese consumers. Findings: This empirical study investigates Chinese consumers’ perceptions of Country of Origin image in their evaluation of Swedish furniture and home-decoration products and examines how these are affected by consumers’ sociodemographic characteristics. Taking into account the distinct situation of the Chinese market, we disentangle sociodemographic aspects: age, gender, education and individual income, especially in terms of overseas experience and the scale of city in which the consumer lives. We posit that Chinese consumers’ perceptions of Swedish furniture and home-decoration products vary across distinct facets of sociodemographics. Our finding is that age, education, overseas experience and scale of city do have a significant effect on COO product image, but that age and individual income do not significant influence COO product image.

No decorrer do processo de envelhecimento há uma diminuição das habilidades físicas, psicológicas e sociais na pessoa o que aumenta o risco de sofrer de múltiplas síndromes, uma delas é a queda. O presente estudo é analítico, observacional de coorte retrospectivo com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência de queda em um seguimento de cinco anos em duas avaliações (2007/2008 - 2013) de idosos que vivem no domicílio e a sua relação com as variáveis sociodemográficas, doenças autorreferidas, número de medicamentos, estado cognitivo, síndrome da fragilidade e capacidade funcional. A pesquisa foi realizada na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, com população de idosos com 65 anos ou mais de idade. A amostra foi por conglomerado em duplo estágio sendo a amostra final de 515 idosos, sendo que a primeira etapa ocorreu de agosto de 2007 a março de 2008 e a segunda realizada de julho a dezembro de 2013. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta de dados foi composto por questões sociodemográficas; doenças autorreferidas e número de medicamentos; Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM); avaliação da queda; Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS); Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF) e Escala de Lawton e Brody (AIVD). Foram pareadas as informações dos 262 idosos, sendo que houve predomínio do sexo feminino (66,4%), média da idade de 73,3 (dp=6,3) anos sendo que 56,9% foram categorizados como idoso mais jovem (70 - 79 anos), média de escolaridade de 5,0 (dp=4,9) anos e 49,2% eram casados. Verificou-se que em ambas as avaliações, o estado cognitivo diminuiu de 24,87 para 22,90 pontos com aumento do déficit cognitivo de 44,7 para 58,4%. Nas AIVD a média também diminuiu de 19,41 para 17,39 pontos, aumentando a dependência funcional de 44,7% para 66,1%. Quanto a MIF, a média diminui de 120,33 para 112,49 pontos com aumento da dependência de 4,2% para 15%. Verificou-se que a média da fragilidade aumentou de 4,16 para 6,53 pontos sendo que a categoria fragilidade aumentou de 17,5% para 50,4%. Por outro lado, a média das doenças autorreferidas diminuiu de 5,63 para 5,16 dos quais tanto na primeira como na segunda avaliação 5,7% não sofrem de doenças mas na primeira avaliação 46,2% sofrem mais de cinco doenças e na segunda 41,2%. Porém quanto ao consumo de medicamentos a média aumentou de 3,59 para 4,03, sendo que 22,5% na primeira avaliação consomem mais de cinco medicamentos e na segunda 28,6%. Em relação com o idoso que sofreu queda, na primeira avaliação 57 caíram e na segunda 99, a prevalência aumentou de 21,8% para 37,8%, sendo que em ambas as avaliações 82,5% e 73,7%, respectivamente, caíram da própria altura, trazendo consequências como fraturas, feridas e escoriações, além do medo de novas reincidências. Os idosos que sofreram queda apresentaram diminuição do estado cognitivo, maior fragilidade e incapacidade funcional com um aumento das doenças autorreferidas e número de medicamentos. Na associação da queda com as diferentes variáveis, verificou-se que no período do estudo, o número de doenças autorreferidas, o maior consumo de medicamentos e o aumento da fragilidade o idoso apresenta maior risco de queda. Conclui-se que a queda é uma síndrome que está relacionada com múltiplas causas (variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde) o que leva a maior necessidade de implementar programas com planejamento para a prevenção de queda e suas consequências por meio da educação à população idosa e seus cuidadores / During the aging process there is a decrease in physical, psychological and social skills in the person which increases the risk of suffering from multiple syndromes, one of these are accidental fall. This study is analytical, observational retrospective cohort with the aim to determine the prevalence of accidental falls in a follow-up of five years in both assessments (2007/2008 - 2013) of elderly people living at home and their relationship to sociodemographic variables, self-reported diseases, number of medications, cognitive status, frailty syndrome and functional capacity. The research was conducted in the Ribeirão Preto city, São Paulo, in elderly people aged 65 or older. The sample by conglomerate in double stage with the final sample of 515 elderly people, on the first stage was from August 2007 to March 2008 and the second stage was from July to December 2013. The instrument used for data collection consists of sociodemographic questions; self-reported diseases and medications numbers; Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); evaluation of the accidental fall; Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS); Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Lawton and Brody Scale (IADL). They were matched information from 262 elderly, and there was a predominance of females (66.4%), mean of age 73.3 (sd = 6.3) years of which 56.9% were categorized as younger elderly (70-79 years), average schooling of 5.0 (sd = 4.9) years and 49.2% were married. It was found that in both assessments, the cognitive status declined from 24.87 to 22.90 points with increased cognitive deficit from 44.7 to 58.4%. IADL average also decreased from 19.41 to 17.39 points, increasing the functional dependence from 44.7% to 66.1%. The MIF average decreases from 120.33 to 112.49 points with increasing dependence from 4.2% to 15%. It was found that the frailty average increased from 4.16 to 6.53 points of which the category frailty increased from 17.5% to 50.4%. On the other hand, the average self-reported disease decreased from 5.63 to 5.16 which both the first and the second evaluation 5.7% did not suffer from diseases but in first evaluation suffered 46.2% over five diseases and second 41.2%. But with the consumption of drugs the average increased from 3.59 to 4.03, and 22.5% in the first evaluation consumed more than five drugs and the second 28.6%. In relation to the elderly who suffered fall, the first assessment fell 57 and the second 99, the prevalence increased from 21.8% to 37.8%, and in both evaluations 82.5% and 73.7%, respectively, fell from height, bringing consequences such as fractures, wounds and abrasions, and the fear of new falls. Elderly people who suffered falls had decreased cognitive status, increased frailty and functional impairment with an increase in self-reported diseases and number of medications. In the fall of association with different variables, it was found that during the study period, the number of self-reported diseases, the highest consumption of drugs and the increased frailty the elderly had a higher risk of falls. We conclude that the fall is a syndrome that is associated with multiple causes (socio-demographic and health variables) which leads to greater need to implement planning with programs for the prevention of fall and its consequences through education to the elderly and their caregivers

nÃo hà / Esta dissertaÃÃo efetuou uma anÃlise empÃrica, baseada nas infraÃÃes de trÃnsito registradas no cadastro de veÃculos tipo motocicletas e similares de atà 125cc, ocorridas no Estado do CearÃ, no perÃodo de 2010 a 2013. O objetivo foi avaliar as caracterÃsticas sociodemogrÃficas que contribuem para aumentar a ocorrÃncia de reincidÃncia das infraÃÃes de trÃnsito por motociclistas, de acordo com as variÃveis: sexo, idade e tempo de habilitaÃÃo, e; a taxa de motorizaÃÃo e sua implicaÃÃo no fluxo de trÃnsito nos municÃpios cearenses. Para tanto, utilizouse o modelo economÃtrico Logit, cuja base de dados foi fornecida pelo Departamento Estadual de TrÃnsito â DETRAN-CE e pelo Instituto de Pesquisa e EstratÃgia EconÃmica do Cearà - IPECE. O que se observou, no Estado do CearÃ, à que os resultados corroboram as evidÃncias da literatura internacional: os infratores de trÃnsito reincidentes sÃo, em sua maioria, jovens e do sexo masculino, o que indica a necessidade de polÃticas pÃblicas de prevenÃÃo, incluindo esses grupos especÃficos da populaÃÃo. AlÃm disso, a condiÃÃo de habilitaÃÃo indica que os motociclistas mais experientes, ou com mais tempo de habilitaÃÃo, sÃo os que tÃm maior probabilidade de reincidÃncia. Para as estimaÃÃes acerca da taxa de motorizaÃÃo, os resultados sugerem que os condutores que estÃo nos municÃpios com taxas de motorizaÃÃo superiores à taxa de referÃncia de 20% apresentam uma maior probabilidade de reincidirem nas infraÃÃes de trÃnsito. / This paper made an empirical analysis based on traffic violations recorded in type vehicle registration motorcycles and the like up to 125cc, occurred in the state of CearÃ, in the period 2010 to 2013. The objective was to assess sociodemographic characteristics that contribute to increase the occurrence of repeated traffic violations by motorcyclists, according to variables such as gender, age and time of qualification, and; motorization rate and its implication in traffic flow in Cearà municipalities. For this, we used the logit econometric model, whose database has been provided by the State Department of Motor Vehicles â DETRAN-CE and the Institute of Economic Research and Strategy of Cearà - IPECE. What was observed in the state of CearÃ, is that the results support the evidence of the international literature: the repeat traffic offenders are mostly young and male, which indicates the need for preventive policies, including these specific population groups. In addition, the driver's condition indicates that the more experienced riders, or longer clearance, are the ones who are more likely to recur. For the estimations about the motorization rate, the results suggest that drivers who are in municipalities with motorization rates above the 20% reference rate are more likely to re-offend in traffic violations.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-04-17T18:05:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ISMAEL FRANCO DE SOUZA.pdf: 2427414 bytes, checksum: c7fe812aa7d091c0b0861147a3b9dd7a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-17T18:05:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ISMAEL FRANCO DE SOUZA.pdf: 2427414 bytes, checksum: c7fe812aa7d091c0b0861147a3b9dd7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-06 / Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon. This demographic growth needs to be accompanied by a better quality of life (QoL) and functional capacity. In this context, the practice of physical activity has been encouraged, especially those performed in groups. However, several factors may influence the functional capacity and QOL of the elderly.The objective was to analyze the influence of sociodemographic profile and training frequency on the functional capacity and QoL of elderly participants of public physical exercise programs. This is a cross-sectional and analytical study with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 108 elderly participants of public physical exercise programs in the city of Goiânia, GO, Brazil. An initial evaluation form was used as instruments, the Mental State Mini-Exam (MMSE), the World Health Organization Quality of Life - Bref (WHOQOL-BREF), the World Health Organization Quality of Life - Older (WHOQOL-OLD), the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, (IPAQ), Barthel Index (IB), Lawton Index (IL), the Hand Grip Strength (HSG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and the 30 second chair stand (30-s CST). The results showed that there was worse perception of QoL in the elderly with lower income and schooling, who live without a partner and older age. The male had a better score in the psychological domain (p = 0.01), while the women had a better score in the sensorial functioning (p = 0.02). In relation to functional capacity, the elderly with lower income and schooling, who live without a partner with more advanced age and who participate in public physical exercise programs up to 3x per week presented worse functional performance (p <0.05). Elderly people participating in the programs in regions with lower Municipal Human Development Index (HDI) presented worse functional capacity and QoL. It was concluded that the sociodemographic variables influence the QoL and the functional capacity of the elderly. The training frequency presented associations only with the functional capacity. Knowledge about these factors may provide support for more effective intervention strategies, and these should be planned with the focus on the most vulnerable elderly. / O envelhecimento populacional é um fenômeno mundial. Esse crescimento demográfico precisa ser acompanhado de uma melhor qualidade de vida (QV) e capacidade funcional. Neste contexto, a prática de atividade física tem sido incentivada, principalmente as realizadas em grupos. Entretanto, diversos fatores podem influenciar a capacidade funcional e a QV dos idosos O objetivo foi analisar a influência do perfil sociodemográfico e da frequência de treino na capacidade funcional e QV de idosos participantes de programas públicos de exercícios físicos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e analítico, com uma abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi composta por 108 idosos participantes de programas públicos de exercícios físicos no município de Goiânia, GO, Brasil. Foram utilizados como instrumentos uma Ficha de avaliação inicial, o Mini Exame de Estado Mental, a versão curta do International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), World Health Organization Quality of Life – Bref (WHOQOL-BREF), World Health Organization Quality of Life - Old (WHOQOL-OLD), Índice de Barthel (IB), Índice de Lawton (IL), força de preensão manual (FPM), teste de alcance funcional (TAF), Timed Up and Go (TUG) e o teste de levantar e sentar (TLS). Os resultados mostraram que houve pior percepção da QV nos idosos com menor renda e escolaridade, que vivem sem companheiro e idade mais avançada. O sexo masculino apresentou melhor escore no domínio psicológico (p = 0,01), enquanto as mulheres tiveram melhor escore na faceta funcionamento do sensório (p = 0,02). Em relação a capacidade funcional, os idosos com menor renda e escolaridade, que vivem sem companheiro com idade mais avançada e que participam dos programas públicos de exercícios físicos até 3x por semana apresentaram pior desempenho funcional (p < 0,05). Idosos que participam dos programas em regiões com menor Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) apresentaram pior capacidade funcional e QV. Conclui-se que as variáveis sociodemográficas influenciam a QV e a capacidade funcional dos idosos. A frequência de treino apresentou associações apenas com a capacidade funcional. O conhecimento acerca desses fatores pode fornecer subsídios para elaboração de estratégias mais eficientes de intervenção, e que estas sejam planejadas tendo como foco os idosos mais vulneráveis.

Orientador: Márcia Guimarães da Silva / Resumo: Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar determinantes do clearance da infecção pelo Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) em mulheres brasileiras em idade reprodutiva. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo de coorte denominado HPV-UNESP, no qual 1638 mulheres em idade reprodutiva foram recrutadas no período de setembro de 2012 e janeiro de 2013. Desse total, 544 mulheres positivas para a infecção pelo HPV participaram do seguimento longitudinal durante 30 meses, em mais 4 visitas. A infecção por HPV foi definida como detecção de qualquer um dos 36 genótipos testados pelo Linear Array Genotyping Test (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.) e o desfecho de interesse foi o clearance da infecção, definido como a eliminação da infecção pelo HPV por, pelo menos, duas visitas consecutivas. Um questionário estruturado com 58 questões relativas à dados sociodemográficos, características comportamentais e ginecológicas foi aplicado em cada visita. Imediatamente após a entrevista, todas as mulheres realizaram exame ginecológico, no qual, após inserção de espéculo de Collins, não lubrificado, foi aferido o pH vaginal com fita (pH 4.0-7.0, Merck, Germany) no terço médio da parede vaginal. Para avaliação da microbiota vaginal, amostras foram coletadas com swab da parede vaginal e o padrão de microbiota foi classificado de acordo com os critérios de Nugent et al. (1991). O whiff test realizado por adição de solução de 10% de KOH ao conteúdo vaginal foi interpretado como positivo, negativo ou duvidoso. A... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Objective: The objective of the present study was to identify determinants of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection clearance in Brazilian women of reproductive age. Methods: This is a cohort study called HPV-UNESP, in which 1638 women of reproductive age were recruited from September 2012 to January 2013. Of this total, 544 women positive for HPV infection participated in longitudinal follow-up for 30 months, in 4 more visits. HPV infection was defined as detection of any of the 36 genotypes tested by the Linear Array Genotyping Test (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.) and the outcome of interest was infection clearance, defined as the elimination of HPV infection by least two consecutive visits. A structured questionnaire with 58 questions regarding sociodemographic data, behavioral and gynecological characteristics was applied at each visit. Immediately after the interview, all women underwent a gynecological exam, in which, after insertion of the non-lubricated Collins speculum, the vaginal pH with tape (pH 4.0-7.0, Merck, Germany) was measured in the middle third of the vaginal wall. For vaginal microbiota evaluation, samples were collected with vaginal wall swab and the microbiota pattern was classified according to the criteria of Nugent et al. (1991). The whiff test performed by adding 10% KOH solution to the vaginal content was interpreted as positive, negative or doubtful. Endocervical samples were collected with cytobrush for molecular analysis of HPV, Chlamydia trachom... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Nearly one in three women in the United States undergoes major abdominal surgery in childbirth. According to the World Health Organization, in industrialized countries, the cesarean operation provides no health benefits when rates surpass one in six. In fact, the reverse applies; as a result of cesareans both women and their babies suffer disproportionate morbidity and mortality compared to cases of vaginal births. Furthermore, the decision to perform a cesarean relies mostly on subjective physiological indicators and varies according to the sociodemographic characteristics of the birthing woman. By regressing multiple clinical and sociodemographic factors against the method of birth, this research determines the risk factors of undergoing surgery in childbirth in the U.S. Results reveal medicalized childbirth to be a capricious system where sociodemographic factors determine a woman’s chance of major abdominal surgery.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Background: Supervised exercise and delivered education are first step treatment for knee, hip and hand osteoarthritis (OA) according to international guidelines. It is uncertain whether OA outcomes from participation in the Swedish self-management program “Better management of Osteoarthritis (BOA)” differs for participants with different sociodemographic background. The aim of this master thesis was thus to assess to what extent there were differences by level of education and immigration status among participants in the self-management program in terms of Health, Health-related quality of life, Mobility, Health-related behaviours and Adherence to the self-management program, measured at baseline, three and 12 months. Methods: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), logistic and multinomial regression was used to analyse outcomes for 22 741 participants. Results: For most adjusted outcomes, there were sociodemographic inequalities at all measurement points. However, there were no educational differences in mobility and attitude to physical activity at baseline, but at the follow-ups such inequalities emerged. Conversely, the willingness to undergo joint surgery differed by immigration status at baseline, but not at the follow-ups, and immigrants were more adherent towards the self-management program than domestic born participants. Conclusion: These results are pioneer findings showing that it exists sociodemographic differences related to OA treatment.