A presente dissertação tem como objeto de estudo os dilemas e avanços referentes ao ensino médio brasileiro. Para tanto, tomou-se como base a Escola Estadual Deputado Silva Prado que possui a reputação de uma boa escola em sua região. Construímos este trabalho por meio de: a) informações institucionais (história, índices educacionais e dados oficiais dos governos); b) dados socioeconômicos coletados por meio de questionários aplicados aos alunos e ex-alunos da escola; c) entrevistas realizadas com jovens concluintes do ensino médio.\'\' Como principais resultados obtidos constatou-se que a identificação positiva da escola foi possível graças a alguns fatores que puderam ser identificados, como a permanência longa de gestores e os mecanismos de seleção de alunos empregados e a preservação das características sociais dos estudantes. No atual contexto, porém, essa reputação tem sido objeto de contestação por parte de docentes e educandos / The present dissertation has as object of study the dilemmas and advances referring to the Brazilian high school. For this purpose, the State School Dep. Silva Prado wasfounded as a foundation that has a reputation as a good school in its region. We construct this work through: a) institutional information (history, educational indexes and official government data); b) socioeconomic data collected through questionnaires applied to students and alumni of the school; c) interviews with high school graduates. \'\' As main results, it was found that the positive identification of the school was possible thanks to some factors that could be identified, such as the long stay of managers and the mechanisms of student selection employees and the preservation of students\' social characteristics. In the present context, however, this reputation has been challenged by teachers and students

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-06-29T15:10:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 vanessagomesdecastro.pdf: 1995969 bytes, checksum: 8fb5cd23aa520202a8998ee3c0549443 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-07-03T13:59:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vanessagomesdecastro.pdf: 1995969 bytes, checksum: 8fb5cd23aa520202a8998ee3c0549443 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-03T13:59:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vanessagomesdecastro.pdf: 1995969 bytes, checksum: 8fb5cd23aa520202a8998ee3c0549443 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-12 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Investiga-se como transcorrem trajetórias escolares em contexto social desfavorável e como o sucesso e o fracasso escolar são socialmente produzidos neste transcorrer. Para tanto, na parte teórica, realiza-se uma revisão da literatura científica internacional e nacional, no campo da Sociologia da Educação, abrangendo algumas das produções mais proeminentes entre a segunda metade do século XX e início do século XXI, sobre os determinantes das trajetórias escolares, longe de esgotar o escopo. Na parte empírica, realiza-se estudo longitudinal de trajetórias escolares ao longo do ensino fundamental e estudos de caso. No estudo longitudinal, utilizam-se diários de classe e atas de resultado final e aproveitamento como fonte de dados. Acompanham-se, assim, o fluxo, ou seja, a quantidade de alunos aprovados, reprovados e evadidos, a cada ano letivo, de 03 coortes, isto é, 03 conjuntos de alunos que se encontravam juntos no 1º ano do ensino fundamental, os quais deveriam percorrer toda esta etapa de ensino de 2000 a 2006, de 2003 a 2010 e de 2006 a 2014, totalizando 225 trajetórias escolares. Além disso, foram estudados 09 casos, (03 casos por coorte), por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, buscando-se investigar os fatores que a literatura científica aponta como determinantes do sucesso e fracasso educacional. As hipóteses são de que o transcorrer das trajetórias escolares em contexto social desfavorável é complexo, uma vez que diferentes fatores, relacionados ao indivíduo, a sua família e à estrutura escolar, implicam este transcorrer, atuando em conjunto e interação na produção social do sucesso escolar (trajetórias promissoras) e do fracasso escolar (reprodução das desigualdades educacionais e sociais). Conclui-se que fatores individuais como sexo e cor, fatores familiares como a posição social da família e a posse de capital econômico, cultural e social, além de fatores relacionados à socialização extrafamiliar, de fato, manifestam-se de diferentes maneiras no transcorrer das trajetórias escolares, tornando-as complexas, implicando seu sucesso ou fracasso, inclusive de maneiras sutis. No que tange aos fatores relacionados à estrutura de oportunidades educacionais e sociais, constata-se que a prática escolar de reprovação amplia fortemente as desigualdades entre as trajetórias escolares. / The main objective is to investigate how school trajectories unfold in adverse social context and how school success and failure are socially produced during this time span. For this purpose, a national and international scientific literature review was carried out in the theoretical part considering the field of Sociology of Education, encompassing some of the most relevant works between the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, approaching the determinants of school trajectories, far from exhausting the research scope. Case studies and longitudinal studies of school trajectories are performed throughout elementary school in the empirical analysis. Class diaries and school records containing final results and educational achievement were used as data source in the longitudinal study. The flow of 03 cohorts of students was monitored, i.e., 03 sets of students who were in the same class in the first year of elementary school and were expected to follow all the stages of learning from 2000 to 2006, from 2003 to 2010 and from 2006 to 2014, totaling 225 school trajectories. In addition, 09 cases (03 cases per cohort) were analyzed through semi-structured interviews, aiming to investigate the factors that the scientific literature points out as determinants of educational success and failure. The hypotheses are that the unfolding of school trajectories in unfavorable social contexts is complex since different factors related to the individual, family and school structure play a role in this course, interacting together in the social production of school success (promising trajectories) and school failure (reproduction of educational and social inequalities). It was concluded that individual factors such as sex and color, family factors such as the social position of the family and the economic, cultural and social capital possession, as well as factors related to extrafamiliar socialization manifest indeed in different ways in the trajectories making them complex, implying their success or failure, even in a very subtle way. Regarding the factors related to the structure of educational and social opportunities it is observed that the school practice of grade retention increases inequalities in school trajectories.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 orcioneaparecidavieirapereira.pdf: 1777976 bytes, checksum: 0c6926c6be2bafadedcf891e928227f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-24 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O cenário educacional brasileiro nas últimas duas décadas foi marcado por diversas transformações, tais como a universalização do ensino fundamental, o crescimento considerável de matrículas no ensino médio e do número de vagas no ensino superior a partir da segunda metade da década de 1990, constituindo a sua recente expansão. Sendo a ampliação do acesso uma das dimensões da democratização da educação, que significa assegurar as possibilidades dos diferentes atores sociais de terem acesso a um bem público específico independentemente de sua origem social, este trabalho objetivou demonstrar se, com a recente expansão da educação superior, em específico da graduação, ocorreu a democratização do acesso de grupos de indivíduos tradicional e historicamente excluídos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de dados nacionais relativos aos indivíduos que tiveram acesso ou não ao ensino superior no país e suas características sociais, em especial os atributos sociodemográficos, familiares, econômicos e sócio-ocupacionais. Foram selecionadas as informações da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (Pnad) realizada pelo Instituto Brasileira de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) dos anos de 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007 e 2011 por representarem intervalos de tempo que correspondem a períodos específicos, isto é, ciclos políticos presidenciais – presidente FHC de 1995 a 2002; presidente Lula de 2003 a 2010; e presidente Dilma a partir de 2011. Entre as várias modificações observadas a partir da análise dos aspectos microssociais dos grupos dos graduandos destacam-se: a maior inserção de indivíduos pardos, negros e indígenas; o aumento do número de indivíduos oriundos de famílias com renda familiar per capita de até 1,5 salário mínimo; o crescimento do número de indivíduos com idade superior a 34 anos; e a maior participação dos indivíduos residentes nas Regiões Nordeste, Norte e Centro-Oeste em áreas não-metropolitanas. Como se trata de um fenômeno social que está em pleno curso na atualidade, ainda é cedo afirmar que a democratização do acesso a este nível de ensino efetivamente se concretizou, uma vez que adequações nas políticas educacionais e programas diversos podem e devem acontecer de forma a atingir este objetivo. Porém, os resultados deste estudo mostram que as modificações observadas sinalizam que é este o caminho para a equalização destas oportunidades educacionais. / In the last two decades, starting from the second half of the 90´s the Brazilian educational system was characterized by several changes throughout diverse transformations, such as universalization of the fundamental education, as well as remarkable growth in the secondary school enrollment and increased by the higher education admissions, establishing its recent expansion. Being these expansion of access one of the dimensions (pillars) in the democratization of education as a means of securing the possibility for the different social actors to have the opportunity to gain public education independently of their social origins, this job has the objective to demonstrate how groups of individuals traditionally and historically excludes have been embraced by the democratization of access. The present paper is about a descriptive research from the national data base with relation to individuals who has access or not to the countries higher education and their social characteristics in special to social demographics attributes, families, economies and social occupations. The information have been selected from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) held by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) for the years 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007 and 2011 they represent time intervals that correspond to specific periods, associated with presidential political cycles - President Fernando Henrique Cardoso from 1995 to 2002; President Lula 2003-2010; and President Dilma 2011. Among the various changes observed from the analysis of micro-social aspects of the graduate groups are: the greater inclusion of individuals pardos (browns), blacks and Indians; Increasing in the number of individuals from families with a per capita family income of up to 1.5 minimum wage; the growing number of individuals over the age of 34; and the greater involvement of people living in the Northeast, North and Midwest in non-metropolitan areas. As this is a social phenomenon that is in full operation today, it is premature to state that the democratization of access to this level of education actually materialized, since adjustments in educational policies and various programs can and should happen in order to achieve this goal. However, the results of this study point out that the observed changes suggest that this is the way to equalize these educational opportunities.

Over the last 15 years, approximately 12,000 Somali immigrants and refugees have settled in the capital region of Ottawa-Carleton. According to a study of Somali youth (Ali, 1995), about seventy percent (70%) of the Somalis in Ottawa-Carleton are between 1 and 17 years old. The Ottawa Board of Education reported that in 1993, thirty three percent of all immigrant and refugee students were Somalis. While schools have been successful in helping a significant portion of these students to succeed in their learning, evidence shows that many are disconnected from productive learning. As establishing constructive connections between the home environment and the school environment is an important and crucial step to improve the educational opportunities for students who are at risk of failure, a study of the parents' perceptions is warranted. The main purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate the Somali parents' perceptions of the school and non-school learning conditions that help or hinder the education of their children in Ottawa high schools. A survey questionnaire was used to collect the data from a sample of diverse Somali parents. The diversity of the sample is in terms of gender, level of education, employment, marital status, number of years in Canada, and number of children. Specifically, four research questions guided this study: (1) What do Somali parents consider to be the school and non-school learning conditions that help the education of their children who are succeeding in their learning? (2) What do Somali parents consider to be the school and non-school conditions that hinder the education of their children who are at risk of failure in learning? (3) What are parents perceptions of the school personnel's willingness to involve immigrant parents in educational decision-making? (4) What recommendations do Somali parents make to improve learning conditions for all children? Data were drawn from the survey responses of 85 Somali parents whose children attend high schools in Ottawa. Findings indicate that parents are concerned about the lack of diversity and multicultural instructional materials in schools. While parent responses regarding the treatment of their children in schools vary widely, there is a consensus among the parents that guidance counselors are not sensitive to the needs of immigrant students. Findings also indicated that parents expressed the schools' limited effort and interest in involving immigrant parents in school committees. Lack of effective communication is an other concern raised by parents. Most of participating parents stated that the only time they get a call from school is when there is a problem. Some expressed the schools unwillingness to communicate with parents even when a parent takes the initiative and visits the school of his or her child.

This study explored how first and second generation Puerto Rican female headed households residing in Springfield, Massachusetts, utilize the extended family network in childrearing responsibilities. The study will examine how the process of acculturation to the mainland culture has influenced the structure and the dynamics between single-parent families and the extended Puerto Rican family. More specifically, it explored in what ways the traditional shared childrearing responsibilities between single-parent families and extended family have been adapted to fit with the mainland culture. In addition, it explored the aspects of the traditional shared childrearing responsibilities that remain functional. The results suggest that first generation and second generation Puerto Rican female heads of household are quite similar in how the extended family network is involved in the shared child-rearing practices.

[pt] O presente trabalho está situado em um contexto mais amplo, o das pesquisas que investigam instituições educacionais que alcançam resultados positivos em avaliações oficiais, sejam elas do setor público ou do setor privado. É um recorte de outra pesquisa mais ampla, intitulada Contextos institucionais e a construção da qualidade do ensino na educação básica e que vem sendo desenvolvida desde 2009 pelo SOCED – Grupo de Pesquisa em Sociologia da Educação. Foi utilizado material empírico derivado de um survey composto de distintos questionários aplicados aos pais, alunos e professores, de dez escolas, quatro públicas municipais e seis do setor privado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Do questionário respondido pelos professores foi obtida a maior parte dos dados utilizados. A pesquisa objetivou investigar o papel do professor nesse universo a partir da análise de dados como o nível socioeconômico, condições de trabalho, trajetórias profissionais, práticas pedagógicas, visões e expectativas acerca dos alunos. Foi estabelecida uma comparação entre as escolas de melhores resultados dentro do conjunto investigado, uma pública e uma do sistema privado, buscando identificar as características dos professores e de suas práticas que produzem bons desempenhos discentes, independentemente das diferenças entre os subsistemas escolares em que estejam inseridos. Com base no material empírico produzido, levantamos algumas hipóteses sobre o efeito-professor na produção de trajetórias escolares de sucesso. / [en] This research is a cutting from a broader research, entitled Institutional Contexts and the Construction of Teaching Quality in Basic Education and that has been developed since 2009 by SOCED - Group Research in Sociology of Education. We used empirical data derived from a survey composed of separate questionnaires to parents, students and teachers from ten schools, four public and six local private sector in the city of Rio de Janeiro. From questionnaire answered by teachers was obtained most of the data. The study investigated the role of the teacher in this universe from the analysis of data such as socioeconomic status, working conditions, career paths, pedagogical practices, visions and expectations about the students. We established a comparison between the best performing schools within the set investigated, one public and one private system, seeking to identify the characteristics of teachers and their practices that produce good performances students, regardless of the differences between the subsystems that are embedded in school. Based on empirical material produced, we raise some hypotheses about the teacher-effect in the production of well succeed school trajectories.

Thèse de doctorat en cotutelle internationale . / Que se passe-t-il lorsque l’enseignant du secondaire se situe à distance de classe de ses élèves ? Quid de cette rencontre où le premier n’est pas familier des seconds ? Et à quel point les expériences socialisatrices de l’enseignant pèsent-elles sur sa pratique ? Ou encore : le contexte d’exercice et ses contraintes spécifiques sont-ils susceptibles de provoquer chez lui un ensemble de transformations ? Voilà quelques-unes des questions auxquelles nous nous intéressons dans ce travail. Plus exactement, la thèse suivante est posée : les enseignants transforment et ajustent partiellement leurs dispositions – corporelles et langagières – selon le contexte d’action et les caractéristiques socio-culturelles des élèves auxquels ils s’adressent. Celle-ci s’appuie sur un travail exploratoire. Mais aussi sur une campagne d’entretiens avec des enseignants du secondaire. Les informations recueillies dans ce cadre constituent le cœur du matériau exploité. Plus précisément, ce travail propose d’une part de comprendre et d’expliquer les formes de socialisations et de transformations – corporelles et langagières – des enseignants qui se réalisent ou non en fonction des contextes de travail où ils évoluent. Et d’autre part d’explorer les difficultés des enseignants à se transformer et à s’adapter à leurs élèves. / What happens when the secondary school teacher is at a distance from his students? When teacher and students are not familiar ? How much are the teacher's social experiences about his practice ? These are some of the questions that interest us in this work. Teachers transform and partially adjust their dispositions. This is based on exploratory work. But also on a campaign of interviews with secondary school teachers. The information collected in this context is the heart of the material used in this thesis. This work offers describe, understand and explain the forms of socializations and transformations - bodily and language - teachers who are fulfilled according to the work contexts. And explore the difficulties of teachers to transform and adapt to their students.

This thesis addresses a gap in research on collaborative creativity. Prior research has investigated how groups of professionals, young people and children work together to co-create work, but the distinctive contribution of this thesis is a socioculturally framed understanding of undergraduates’ interdisciplinary practices over an extended period. Guided by a socioculturally framed theory of creativity, this thesis observed 4 students creating a 10 minute performance piece, and presents a longitudinal analysis of the co-creation process which occurred through a total of 28 meetings recorded over the course of a twelve-week term (24 hours of recordings in total). Specific episodes were selected from the full set of recordings, constituting 2 hours of recordings for in-depth analysis. Sociocultural discourse analysis was used to examine how social and cultural contexts constituted an ecology of undergraduate practice in interdisciplinary creative collaboration. Offering a new methodology, this discursive approach for studying context (Arvaja, 2008) was combined with interaction analysis (Kumpulainen & Wray, 2002; Scott, Mortimer & Aguiar, 2006) to analyse how moment-by-moment creative developments and contexts were resourced and constituted through dialogue, artifacts and physical settings. With implications for theory and practice, the analysis showed how the students’ collaborative contexts were constituted through dialogue, and how their emerging co- creative practice was mediated through multiple social and physical settings. It further evidenced how common knowledge was constructed through the process of collaboration, the value of peer feedback for fostering confidence, and students’ need for ‘silent witnessing’; for space to reflect and contribute to a long-term cumulative conversation. The thesis also discusses how resourceful the students were, in terms of negotiating unfamiliar and unpredictable co-creating activities. Evidence is provided for the collaborative value of creating and appropriating new tools to develop common knowledge, and for the significance of imagination as a psychological resource for building common knowledge about hypothetical future activities, showing how technology-mediated co-creating can be seen as a complex interactional accomplishment.

Scholars for decades have studied the achievement gap and attempted to explain it in regards to race and class. Throughout the existing literature regarding the achievement gap between black and white students, however, there is a dearth of research exploring why the gap exists for upper-class black students; this population is largely ignored. This research seeks to explain why an achievement gap exists between white and black students who come from households of similar incomes. Ten students (five white and five black gradates) of a private, non-parochial school in Washington DC are interviewed about high school and post-high school experiences. Using cultural capital and labeling theory frameworks, this study follows the work of Billings (2011), Pattillo-McCoy (2000), Lacy (2007), and Khan (2011) in their focus on black students, cultural capital, and embodied privilege, and builds on that of Lensmire (2012), Dixon-Roman 2014, Orr (2003) Adams (2010) and Tyson et al. (2005). Results uncover the uniquely complex configuration of class and race. Latent issues as a result of race can arise, and the research illustrates how they affect the achievement ideology and attainment of both black and white students. This study’s findings suggest that two mechanisms shape the achievement gap: academic support and social interactions and interpretations, with the former rooted largely in class differences and the latter rooted in racial differences. This study aims to improve our understanding of the distinct role race and class play in influencing educational and professional outcomes from upper-class backgrounds.

La Théorie de l’agir communicationnel (1981), du théoricien allemand Jürgen Habermas, figure parmi les plus importants ouvrages de sociologie et de philosophie sociale du XXe siècle : son caractère universaliste, visant l’élaboration d’une théorie globale de la société occidentale moderne, en fait un écrit dont la réputation n’est plus à faire dans une diversité de champs académiques issus des sciences sociales. Toutefois, la théorie habermassienne n’a inspiré à ce jour qu’un nombre restreint d’études portant spécifiquement sur son articulation à l’éducation, que ce soit sur le plan de la nature de l’activité éducative ou encore d’une caractérisation théorique de l’éducation moderne institutionnalisée : ainsi, comment la théorie de l’agir communicationnel nous permet-elle de mieux comprendre les rouages de l’acte éducatif moderne et contemporain ainsi que l’évolution historique, politique et sociale des institutions scolaires européennes et nord-américaines? En tant que théorie de la société basée sur un renouvellement communicationnel du concept de rationalité, de quelle façon s’inscrit-elle dans une tradition philosophique éducative aux sources de l’école occidentale, et nous renseigne-t-elle sur les fondements de la relation pédagogique entre maîtres et élèves? En proposant une série de considérations à ce propos, cette thèse représente à la fois une étude des rapports entre la pensée philosophique et sociologique d’Habermas et l’éducation ainsi qu’une forte critique de celle-ci : en effet, la problématique centrale qui se dresse et subsiste à une articulation de la théorie habermassienne à différentes sphères éducatives demeure celle du statut de l’enfant dans un tel système rationaliste qui, malgré ses visées émancipatoires et libératrices pour l’acteur social, perpétue une négation de l’enfance propre au rationalisme de Platon à Kant. Dès lors, comment réfléchir l’éducation contemporaine à l’aune de la pensée habermassienne? Comment, finalement, penser l’éducation pour et contre Habermas? / The Theory of Communicative Action (1981), by the German theorist Jürgen Habermas, is among the most important works of sociology and social philosophy of the 20th century: its universal character, which aims to develop a comprehensive theory of the Western modern society, benefits from a well-established reputation in a variety of academic fields from social sciences (philosophy, sociology, anthropology, political science, law, history, ethics, etc.). However, to date, Habermas's theory has only inspired a limited number of studies in education in terms of the nature and aims of the educational activity or the theoretical characterization of institutionalized education in Modernity : thus, how does the theory of communicative action allow us to better understand the foundations of education’s historical, social and political development in Europe and North America? As a theory of society based on a communicative reinterpretation of the concept of rationality, how does Habermas's theory, as a prolongation of the educational and philosophical traditions at the sources of the Western modern school, can inform us about the mechanisms of the pedagogical relationship between teachers and students? In proposing a series of considerations to answer these questions, this thesis is both a study of the relationship between the philosophical and sociological thought of Habermas and a strong critic of his perspective : the central issue that remains unanswered from the philosopher is the child's status in such a rationalistic system that, despite its emancipatory and liberating ideals for the social actor, perpetuates a form of denial of childhood present in the rationalist tradition from Plato to Kant. How can we then reflect on contemporary education regarding Habermas's theory? How, finally, can we conceptualize education with and against Habermas?