Education on behalf of social trust constitutes a central theme in all societies. Different forms of cheating and fraud have a negative impact on the bonds of social trust. The purpose of the thesis is to increase understanding of the scope for learning about the individual-society relationship as it finds expression in pedagogical practices involving norms relating to cheating. The established norms concerning school cheating are identified in group-based discussions involving Upper Secondary students and teachers. Students ascribe each other roles on the basis of the perceived capacity to produce school results and thereby also to justify the need for school cheating. In the norm negotiations a significant tolerance is shown towards cheating which is adjudged to be necessary, provided that a hierarchic, fair distribution of grades can be retained. The teachers perceive expectations of acting for goal fulfilment, in the form of good student grades, as based on economic arguments. Good student grades imply satisfied customers in a market exposed to competition and a strong market value for the individual school. From a critical viewpoint these norms are related to the contemporary, dominant neo-liberal principles of commercialisation and individualisation in social organisation. The school actors perceive, in accordance with stratified norm theory, the norms from economic systems of conduct as more strongly conditioning on conduct than those norms from political-administrative or socio-cultural conduct systems. The teachers are aware of expectations, in hidden concert and consent with other school stakeholders, to offer social approval for student cheating and sympathetic marking concerning the lowest grade for passing i.e. violation of rules, where this is necessary to meet the economic as well as political-administrative objectives that have been established. To be part of pedagogic practices involving school cheating implies learning to uncouple rules and practice, law and morality. Such a double agenda is incompatible with norms and ideals in official curricula as well as being destructive of the bonds of social trust; it thereby functions as a hidden curriculum.

In the Western world, and specifically in New Zealand, a major impetus for retraining has arisen quite recently and gone largely unnoticed. The new social phenomenon, retraining in the sense of education for occupational change, is examined in this study. Alongside the three traditionally recognised groups of adult learners: those learning for leisure; second chance learners who have been previously educationally disadvantaged; and upskillers who seek to enhance their existing credentials through further tertiary education; is a fourth; the reskillers, those who are seeking education for occupational change. Women are shown to be pioneers in leading social change in this area of retraining. The key questions investigated in this thesis concern the existence of this new phenomenon in New Zealand; whether it is national or worldwide; and whether its origins are local or international. Whether there are distinctive characteristics to the manifestation of this phenomenon in New Zealand is investigated by examining current policy and practice. Additional questions concern whether there are feature of New Zealand employment or education which make upskilling and reskilling more or less likely in this country; the significance of women being the first to take up education for occupational change and what can be learnt from comparison with other countries specifically the Netherlands and England. Education takes place within a set of intersecting socio-political contexts. In the modern world these are simultaneously international, national, local and institutional. They impact on participants in a course of study yet are not often manifest to the individual. 'Learning for life’ is a significant area of both international and national socio-political concern, manifesting itself in a significant set of public discourses and in social phenomena which, as in this case of education for occupational change, are little researched or understood. The historical evolution of public policy relating to adult learners, internationally, and in New Zealand, is documented, with a particular focus on the period from the 1960s onwards. The major theoretical and ideological constructs are outlined and critiqued particularly with reference to public policy in New Zealand. Analysis shows an inexorable shift over time away from knowledge and skills attained through praxis, to knowledge and skills attained through formal institutionalised learning. At the same time as this change was taking place, participation rates in first secondary, and then tertiary, education rose. Concurrently more and more women entered tertiary education in order to make their way into an increasingly credentialised workforce. It is suggested that, credentials are used for screening purposes in addition to providing individuals with knowledge and skills needed for the occupations they enter. Case studies are used to illustrate and document these changes. Policies relating to learning for life are examined with reference to three different countries: New Zealand, England and the Netherlands. Provision of tertiary education for adults is investigated, and then illustrated through the coverage provided by institutions in three cities, Christchurch, Leicester and Utrecht. These studies show that different countries are subject to international geo-political and ideological forces but respond to them in locally and historically determined ways. The case study/qualitative analysis of the Christchurch Polytechnic’s Next Step Centre for Women and the New Outlook for Women courses illustrates the ways in which the twists and turns of public policy in New Zealand over thirty years have affected women wishing to seek education for occupational change. A quantitative study of mature students and their motivations for returning to study at the Christchurch Polytechnic allows for the impact of public policy and institutional provision on a group of mature individuals to be assessed. The study concludes that education for occupational change appears to be more advanced in New Zealand than in the European countries chosen for comparison. This may result more from individual initiative and the conditions which promote this, than from state policy direction or institutional provision. Policy consequences are proposed on the basis of these findings.

<p>This thesis is treating how Swedish liberal adult education research (folkbildningsforskning) has emerged and consolidated. The concepts of doxa, consecration, capital and field of Pierre Bourdieu are used to reconstruct liberal adult education research as a social field. The empirical material consists of texts and documents, structured chronologically between the years of 1954-2007. Central questions are: In which way can liberal adult education research be reconstructed as a field? How does it emerge? Which are the central values (doxa) that hold the field together and going, and where are the boundaries of the field? Who are the central agents of the field? How do they achieve recognition, and on which grounds? Which are the arenas that work as concecrating instances? The study indicates that the area establishes common concepts and references. A gradual expansion occurs. This involves increased opportunities, but also involves competition. Four different phases can be reconstructed as central: the emergence (1954-1979), the expansion (1980-1989), the institutionalisation (1990-1999) and the consolidation (2000-2007). Research summaries as well as organizations of special interests are contributing to the glow of the area. A number of strong positions are established as are a number of pretenders. These relate, in different ways, to the area and to broader perspectives and settings. The area is successfully handling and employing different kinds of challenges and opportunities. This is considered a sign of relative strength of the reconstructed field of liberal adult education research.</p> / <p>Avhandlingen handlar om hur svensk forskning om folkbildning vuxit fram och konsoliderats. Med hjälp av Pierre Bourdieus begrepp doxa, konsekration, kapital och fält rekonstrueras folkbildningsforskning som ett fält. Det empiriska materialet består av texter och dokument. Detta struktureras längs en tidsaxel, mellan 1954-2007. Centrala frågor är: Hur kan folkbildningsforskningen som fält rekonstrueras? Hur sker dess framväxt? Vilka är de centrala värden (doxa) som håller samman och bär upp fältet och var går dess gränser? Vilka är agenterna på fältet? Hur når de erkännande och på vilka grunder sker det? Vilka är de arenor som fungerar som instanser för erkännande?Studien visar att området etablerar gemensamma begrepp och referenser. En successiv expansion sker. Detta innebär ökade möjligheter, men också större konkurrens. Fyra olika skeden kan rekonstrueras som centrala: framväxten(1954-1979), expansionen (1980-1989), institutionaliseringen (1990-1999) och konsolideringen(2000-2007). Kunskapsöversikter, liksom intresseorganisationer, bidrar till områdets formering. Ett antal starka positioner uppstår, liksom pretenderande grupper. Dessa knyter, på olika sätt, an till området, men också till bredare perspektiv och kontexter. Att området förmår hantera, och införliva, utmaningar av olika slag, tyder på en relativ styrka.</p>

Orientador: Cláudio Benedito Gomide Souza / Banca: Raquel Gandini / Banca: Carmem Tereza Velanga / Banca: João Augusto Gentilini / Banca: José Vaidergorn / Resumo: Situada no campo da Sociologia da Avaliação a tese busca responder as seguintes questões: é possível desenvolver práticas sociais emancipatórias no seio de estruturas regulatórias, no que concerne à avaliação de sistemas educacionais? No processo de regulamentação da avaliação no município de Rolim de Moura/RO existem práticas sociais e políticas que contribuam e desenvolvam ações de cidadania emancipatória dos sujeitos envolvidos? Inserida no âmbito da pesquisa educacional de abordagem qualitativa, o estudo se pauta pela técnica da pesquisa participante. Como instrumentos destacamse questionários, formulários, registros de campo, observações participantes e análise documental. E seus sujeitos são os servidores da rede pública municipal de ensino. Ao dar voz aos sujeitos estudados, os resultados da pesquisa apontam para os princípios reguladores da avaliação no município quanto à concepção de avaliação, enfoques e objetivos. Pelos resultados alcançados, o estudo demonstrou que as avaliações de sistemas municipais propiciadoras da participação política e mobilização social contribuem para dar visibilidade às experiências localizadas, entendendo-as como legítimas na produção de conhecimento e análise de um contexto real que guarda em suas particularidades a ideia da totalidade. Logo, a avaliação educacional se apresenta como procedimento metodológico capaz de expandir o presente, conhecendo as diferentes experiências sociais locais. E, assim, reconhecendo nas práticas presentes de uma determinada comunidade local suas possibilidades e capacidades de construir o futuro. Por fim, a comunidade pesquisada, mostrou que prefere pensar na produção de conhecimentos propiciadores da ação em termos emancipatórios e acredita na avaliação como um instrumento importante que ajudará a decidir bem no presente e construir um futuro que caiba dentro dessas possibilidades / Abstract: The thesis is placed on the universe of Sociological Evaluation and looks forward to answer the following questions: Is it possible to develop emancipating social actions inside regulatory structures, regarding the evaluation of the educational system? Is it possible to find, inside the regulatory evaluation system, at Rolim de Moura/Ro county, social and political actions that help contributing and developing emancipating citizenship actions from the local population? Classified as a research on the range of the educational qualitative search, this paper is supported by the technique known as participative search. As working tools it was used surveys, forms, field registrations, participative observation e document analyzes. Its characters are the workers of the local public schools. Once it was given "voice" to the studied subjects, the results of the research pointed to the main evaluation regulatory procedures in the county, regarding its conceptions of evaluation, focus and goals. By the conclusion found, the paper shows that the evaluation systems of the county, giving the chance of political action and social mobilization contributes to give more visibility to the local experiences, making them valid in terms of knowledge development and in the analyses of a real context that keeps in its particular aspects the idea of totality. So, educational evaluation appears as a methodological procedure able to expand the present time, showing the awareness of the different local social experiences. And, thus, recognizing in the present actions of a certain community its possibilities and capability to build a different future. After all, the searched community has shown that prefers to think about the production of knowledge that can motivate emancipating actions and believe in evaluation as an important instrument to help taking good decisions in the present and build up a future that matches inside these new possibilities / Résumè : Située dans le domaine de la sociologie de l'évaluation, la thèse vise à répondre aux questions suivantes: est possible de développer les pratiques sociales émancipatrices dans le cadre réglementaire, en ce qui concerne l'évaluation des systèmes éducatifs? Dans le processus de règlement sur l'évaluation dans la ville de Rolim de Moura / RO il existe des pratiques sociales et politiques qui aident à développer de actions de citoyenneté émancipatrice des individus concernés? Inséré au sein de la recherche en éducation de l'approche qualitative, l'étude est guidée par la technique de la recherche participative. Comme instruments, mettre en évidence questionnaires, formulaires, relevés sur le terrain, l'observation participante et l'analyse de documents.Et ses sujets sont les serviteurs de l'école publique municipale. En donnant la parole aux matières étudiées, les résultats du sondage indiquent les principes régissant d'évaluation dans la municipalité au sujet de la conception de l'évaluation, des approches et des objectifs. Pour les résultats obtenus, l'étude a montré que les évaluations des réseaux municipaux qui encouragent la participation politique et la mobilisation sociale a contribué à donner une visibilité à des expériences locales, en les considérant comme légitimes la production de connaissances et de l'analyse d'un contexte réel qui maintient dans leur particulier l'idée de totalite. Par conséquent, l'évaluation de l'éducation est présentée comme une démarche méthodologique en mesure d'élargir le présent, la connaissance des différentes expériences sociales locales. Et si, en reconnaissant les pratiques actuelles d'una communauté locale en particulier et sa capacité et sa possibilité à construire l'avenir. Enfin, la communauté étudiée a montré que préfère penser à la production de connaissances en termes d'action émancipatrice et croit en l'évaluation comme / Doutor

No description available.

Positive academic self-efficacy beliefs are associated with increased motivation, higher levels of persistence, and overall academic success. There is a gap in the literature regarding how young adult learners with identified learning disabilities who are also enrolled in postsecondary education characterize their development of academic self-efficacy beliefs and corresponding adaptive coping skills. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to develop a meaningful understanding of the lived experiences of young adult students with learning disabilities in the development of their self-efficacy beliefs and adaptive coping skills. Social learning theory, particularly the self-efficacy belief components, was the guiding conceptual framework for the study. Ten postsecondary students with identified learning disabilities were recruited through a purposeful sampling strategy and engaged in individual, semi-structured interviews. Moustakas' steps to phenomenological analysis were employed to analyze the data. Analysis resulted in the emergence of 6 major themes in self-efficacy belief development: (a) the role of experience, (b) support systems, (c) role models, (d) adaptive coping mechanisms, (e) accommodations, and (f) effective educators. Insights from the analysis of the data may contribute to the further development of effective and supportive interventions, strategies, and accommodations for postsecondary students with learning disabilities.

<p>  </p> <p>Mentorship has served as an effective strategy in helping African American college students persist at predominantly White institutions of higher education (Sinanan, 2016). African American students have reported finding these campus environments to be unwelcoming, even racist. These environmental challenges along with the challenges of unfamiliar academic terrain merge to form frequently formidable barriers to their satisfaction and success. The presence of African American mentors has helped African American students overcome the wide range of challenges they face on such campuses. This qualitative study analyzed the perceptions of African American mentors and mentees about the impact of mentorship on the college persistence of the mentees. The target mentorship community was situated at a private school in the Midwest. Semi-structured interviews were used to solicit the experiential knowledge of participants about their lived experiences. The data was codified and thematically analyzed. Six themes emerged from participant responses including (1) targeted mentorship and modeling, (2) belonging, (3) connections (4) advocacy, (5) racism and anti-Blackness, and (6) persistence. These themes fortify the existing research affirming mentorship as an invaluable tool in helping African American undergraduates persist through degree completion. The assertions and recommendations at the conclusion of the study are purposed to assist scholar-activists, university staff, and students with improving the conditions in which African American students’ study and push toward persistence.</p>

This study uses the competing Burton Clark's "Cooling Out Theory" and Daniel Bell's "Theory of the Postindustrial Economy" to examine the function that for-profit colleges and universities (FPCUs) play in American higher education and how it is different from non-profit traditional colleges and universities (TCUs). This was done through three sections of analysis. The first examined if students who enroll at these FPCUs are less academically prepared than those attending non-profit traditional colleges or universities. The second tested if academic preparedness is associated with postsecondary performance at FPCUs to the same degree it is at TCUs. The final section of analysis looked at FPCU graduates to see if they have different short-term job outcomes when compared to traditional college graduates. This research utilizes The Beginning Postsecondary Survey 2009- a restricted-use longitudinal data set produced by the National Center for Education Statistics that followed 16,700 first-time college enrollees from 2003 until 2009. This data set includes information on student demographics, academic performance, enrollment history, and job outcomes. The results of this study indicated that when compared to traditional college students, FPCU students are less likely to be academically prepared for college and are more frequently characterized by risk factors that previous research has shown makes it less likely they will complete their degree. This research also found that unlike TCUs, high school academic performance is not associated with post-secondary performance or likelihood of degree attainment at FPCUs. Finally, it was observed that FPCU graduates were less likely to have jobs related to their degree and earned less income than TCU graduates, but had about the same degree of job satisfaction.

Cette recherche qualitative est une étude de cas sur la construction du discours pédagogique dans un processus de développement de formations en ligne. Les données furent recueillies lors d’une série d’entretiens semi-dirigés avec différents acteurs du processus de développement de ces formations en ligne et analysées à l’aide des trois règles du concept de dispositif pédagogique de Basil Bernstein, soit les règles distributives, de recontextualisation et d’évaluation. Nous relevons certaines problématiques inhérentes au processus en lien avec la qualité de l’éducation produite dans un tel contexte, la condition des travailleurs qui y œuvrent, la légitimité d’un logiciel enseignant et l’éventuel impact de tels processus sur la nature des savoirs enseignés. / This qualitative case study focuses on how pedagogical discourse is developped in an online course development process. Data was collected during a series of semi-directed interviews with different actors of this process and analyzed using the three rules of Basil Bernstein’s pedagogical device : distributive rules, recontextualisation rules and evaluation rules. We present certain problems inherent to this online course development process, including questions relating to the quality of education, the conditions of workers, the legitimacy of a teaching program and the eventual impact of such a process on the nature of knowledge which is taught.

No description available.