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Diss. Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2010.

This paper focuses on the role freedom plays in Michel Foucault’s analyze of liberal and particularely neoliberal governmentalities. From his perspective, neoliberalism operates through the strategic production of entrepreneural subjectivity and distribution of self-governing. Here autonomy is central for governing, which raises questions about what freedom can mean at all in Foucault, and how resistance can be possible. Through Foucault’s thinking on liberal freedom, we can gain a better understanding of his philosophy on subjectivation and resistance.

Den här uppsatsen redovisar en kvalitativ studie som har gjorts av nyliberal planering och hållbar stadsutveckling i Stockholms stad. Genom att studera plan- och visionsdokument utfärdade av staden är syftet med undersökningen att utreda hur nyliberal planering kan förenas med hållbar stadsutveckling. I undersökningen ingår också att utreda vad hållbar stadsutveckling faktiskt innebär utifrån olika perspektiv på hållbar utveckling, perspektiven som studeras är ekologisk modernisering, traditionell ekologi, miljörättviseperspektivet samt social hållbarhet. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att för att hållbar stadsutveckling ska vara ett resultat av nyliberal planering krävs att utvecklingen samtidigt bidrar till ekonomisk tillväxt alternativt stärker stadens konkurrenskraft.  Det innebär att nyliberal planering är lättare att förena med hållbar stadsutveckling såsom det förstås inom ekologisk modernisering men också att hållbar stadsutveckling såsom det förstås inom traditionell ekologi samt social hållbarhet åtminstone till viss del kan förenas med nyliberal planering. Utifrån ett miljörättviseperspektiv visar sig nyliberal planering vara svårare att förena med hållbar stadsutveckling. Resultatet visar också att nyliberal planering inte på ett fullvärdigt sätt kan bidra till en hållbar stadsutveckling. För att alla aspekter inom hållbar utveckling ska tillgodoses krävs något mer än nyliberal planering.

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Abstract This literal review intended to assess and shed light upon if west-centric feminism justifies the neoliberal globalization that reproduces the reproduction of inequality in the world. The result indicated that sex is not sufficient to categorize a universal group of women and that other aspects of social structures such as class, caste, ethnicity, race, religion and age should be included in transnational feminism, and that this discourse needs to be characterized by contextual understanding of culture and power. Neoliberalism has created space for personal freedom and choice, but all do not possess the same conditions to utilise tools to attain positive progress in regard to these choices. Furthermore, this study has revealed that feminism is subordinate to the globalization of neoliberalism and that the post-feminist trend could be perceived as being discrepant with a progressive transnational feminist movement. / <p>140929</p>

– Det är självklart att det ska råda jämställdhet mellan kvinnor och män. Ingen ska behöva behandlas sämre på grund av vilket kön man tillhör. Men är det lika självklart att det alltid – och överallt – ska råda könsjämvikt? Frågan diskuteras av organisationen Svenskt Näringsliv som en del i deras opinionsbildande verksamhet. Jämställdhet framställs som en självklarhet men samtidigt förefaller det finnas vissa reservationer för vad som kan betraktas vara jämställdhetens mål. Könsjämvikt, det vill säga en jämställd fördelning mellan kvinnor och män, antas som exemplet visar inte vara helt självklart. Med hänvisningar till marknadsekonomi förklarar Svenskt Näringsliv att politiska initiativ för ökad jämställdhet inte kan utgöra grund för näringslivets jämställdhetsarbete. Det måste istället utgå från näringslivets egna behov för att inte riskera företagens roll som producenter och organisatörer av värde och välfärd. I den här avhandlingen undersöks vad som händer när marknadsekonomiska principer möter politiska krav på förändring. Hur begripliggörs krav på jämlikhet mellan könen i en nyliberal kontext? Med utgångspunkt i en närgången läsning av Svenskt Näringslivs opinionsbildande material om jämställdhet diskuteras hur kön diskursivt konstrueras. Studien visar hur kvinnor på olika sätt införlivas både i en föreställningsvärld om marknaden som alldeles nödvändig och i en värld som domineras av män och manliga normer.

The purpose of this study is to examine if, and in that case how feminism is being used as a marketing tool known as “femvertising” in the two firms; Libresse and Ida Klamborn. These two firms were selected as both are specialised in products for young women and are known for their girl power advertisements. The study looks at how neoliberalism infiltrates all aspects of society, affecting the people in it, and making individuals look at themselves as market entities. Furthermore, firms are seen by the people as symbols for their own values, causing goods and services to be marketed as identities to serve the individual person’s values. This study examines how these identities affect the individual person as well as how social media, marketing and company profiles describe that their own products produces a certain identity. The study examines if the two firms are using feminist expressions, descriptions and statements on their webpages, company profile, as well as their Instagram pages. The study also investigates whether the firms use feminist associations to sell identities and how these identities are being advertised to their customers. The study concludes that the neoliberal society has made an impact on how we look at feminism and how it is being advertised. By studying the two firms different platforms the study concludes that Ida Klamborn and Libresse are using feminist expressions, descriptions and statements in their marketing and company description even though they neither claim to be nor deny being feminist. It is also found that there is a clear connection between neoliberal theory and third wave feminism. It has been made clear that both Libresse and Ida Klamborn try to establish a relationship with their consumers through social media with advertisements containing a feminist agenda. This study also concludes that more information and material is needed in order to give a more conclusive answer, although it gives a brief insight into how femvertising works and how it can be identified.

Since the 1970’s Swedish school politics has changed a lot. In this text I examine how it haschanged, why it changed as well as how the changes affected Swedish society in general. I haveidentified several keywords from which I study and analyze the discourse surrounding Swedishschools. This analysis is focused, primarily, on how the discourse relates to students. I havealso to a lesser extent studied its impacts on other people involved in schoolwork and business.In my studies I have found that much of Swedish discourse surrounding schools and schoolworkhas changed because of a wider change in Swedish politics as a whole. Since the 90’s Swedenhas seen an increased neoliberal presence in its political sphere. This influx of neoliberalthought has in some ways replaced previously held social democratic values and views. I foundthis to be illustrated clearly in my study of the keywords I had identified. Much of our modernschool discourse if focused on individualism and forming students to a neoliberal ideal. This isconcealed in the guise of focusing on equality.I found that this disguising of neoliberal ideals as older social democratic ideas had arisenbecause of Swedish neoliberal focus on the school system. Why neoliberals focus on the schoolsystem I do not know. But I found it to be evident based on my analysis that increasingneoliberal influence has led to large changes within the Swedish school system.I use these finding as a foundation for a discussion on how this neoliberal influence can be seenthrough the theory and methodology of discourse analysis and what it implies for Swedishsociety as a whole.

This essay investigates possible benefits of using Michel Foucault’s theories to understand how subjects constitute themselves as consumers. Foucault’s analysis of the neo-liberal notion of homo economicus, a subject of individual interest and an entrepreneur producing its own satisfaction, is discussed in relation to contemporary consumption. The essay departs from the hypothesis that Foucault’s diverse theory of subjectivation can bridge over opposing but equally limiting description of consuming subjects offered by Marxism and liberalism. Building on Foucault’s lectures on biopolitics and the ethics of the later Foucault, the possibility of liberation from dominance, offered from opposing positions by Marxism and liberalism, is challenged. From the perspective of Foucault, subjects are constituted in relations of power that always involve freedom, understood as the individual subject’s ability to participate in and influence these relations. Further, these relations are intertwined with games of truth, certain rationalities that are linked to institutions of power. This essay argues that the neo-liberal “truth” of consumer choice structure contemporary relations of power that are integrated parts of the subject, for good and worse. For the later Foucault’s ethics, as well as his critique, dispute the extent to which we are governed, and urge us to practice freedom.