Zwischen den Polen „hier und dort“, „bei uns und bei denen“ oder „wir und die“ werden Stereotype verhandelt. Sie kontrastieren das Fremde und das Eigene. Das Eigene, das Innen, das Wir sind unsere Nation oder Ethnie, unsere soziale Gruppe, unsere Familie. Die anderen sind das Draußen, das uns Fremde. Wir charakterisieren uns mit Bildern von uns selbst. Diese entstehen in Auseinandersetzung mit der „fremden“ Gruppe, von der wir uns abgrenzen, um unsere Identität zu schaffen und zu erhalten. Ein wechselseitiges System von Stereotypen entsteht. Wo Menschen miteinander interagieren, gibt es solche Stereotypsysteme. Manche sind durch geografische Eckpunkte bestimmt, andere durch religiöse, soziale oder ethnische. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Analyse eines Stereotypsystems, das sich zwischen einer deutschen Mehrheit und einer slawischen Minderheit entwickelt hat. Seit Jahrhunderten teilen sich Deutsche und Sorben ein Siedlungsgebiet. Das „Miteinander“ von Deutschen und Sorben erscheint heute friedlich. Die gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen für ein verträgliches Zusammenleben zwischen Deutschen und Sorben sind geschaffen. Und doch besteht eine große Differenz zwischen den äußeren gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen und der inneren Akzeptanz der heterogenen Strukturen in der Lausitz.

The thesis deals with the Czech community of musicians who play so-called "Balkan music". The research deals with those coming originally from the Czech Republic and who do not have any obvious links to the Balkan peninsula. The emphasis is put on their stereotypical notion about Balkans. The content of the music works they produce and the way how are performed are considered as the key moments how the musicians express their feelings and visions about Balkan. The most of the thesis originates from my personal experience with the "Balkan music" in the Czech environment and from my participation in the Džezvica band. This band is also utilized as an reference model of the "western idea"about the Balkan. The work comprises of both theoretical part denoting the stereotypization and balkanism and the field research carried out during years 2010-2012 in Prague. As an integral part follows the analysis of semi-structured interviews with selected musicians on the (general) topic "balkan music". As the main outcome, the thesis captures and analyses whether we can evaluate the "czech balkanism" with the balkanism and if and how are such musicians' concepts being made.

This thesis researches the depiction of Turkish stereotypes in German cinematography. Specifically, it investigates gender stereotypes in Turkish family as seen through the lens of German society and represented in German cinematography; this study accentuates the issue of gender stereotypes in Turkish family as most controversial, debated, and potent in terms of shaping the media image of Germany's Turkish community. The thesis covers long films of German production that deal with the issue of Germany's Turkish community. It spans the time period between 1970, when films covering the Turkish issue began to appear in Germany, and 2010, which enables to maintain a sufficient distance to investigate the film production. Theoretically, the thesis sets itself the task of researching stereotypes, providing its definitions, typologies, and discussing its relevance in research on cinematographic production. It then sheds light on the evolution of the image of a Turk in German society. It also provides a brief historical overview of German film production dealing with the issues of Turkish-German cohabitation in Germany. In the empirical part, the thesis explores two most representative films of the researched period (Gegen die Wand, by Fatih Akin, drama, 2004; die Fremde, by feo Aladag, drama, 2010) in...

The aim of the study is to examine how feminist activists in Sweden observe and talk about social problems related to feminism to resist existing power discourses. The questions examined is: What stereotypical portrayals of women were noticed by feminist activists in the podcast ‘Penntricket’?; in which manner does the feminist activists talk of these stereotypical portrayals in order to resist existing power discourses? A critical discourse analysis was carried out on six chosen parts of the podcast Penntricket where the hosts talked about stereotypical portrayals of women and how to resist existing power discourses. The results of the study demonstrates that the feminist activists observed and talked about three stereotypic portrayals of women; ‘the responsible mother’; how ‘the woman is expected to have children’ and ‘the attractive woman’. The resistance differed within the stereotypic portrayals of women. The feminist activists resistance of the stereotypic portrayal of ‘the responsible mother’ was to make the unequal parenting visible. In resisting the stereotypic portrayals of how ‘the woman is expected to have children’ the feminist activists talked about the importance of opening up for more acceptable categories for women who does not desire to have children. The feminist activists resistance of the stereotypic portrayals of ‘the attractive women’ was to make visible that mothers manners can affect their daughters and make visible what happens when women give each other compliment for their looks.

Thesis (M.A. (Media Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The emergence of democracy in South Africa brought a fallacious rainbow nation to permit all citizens to benefit from equal opportunities regardless of colour. The national broadcaster, SABC as a tool of transformation to promote multiracialism was meant to depict balanced representations of all races through its programmes such as soap operas. This study’s aim was to examine the depiction of racial characterisation in Skeem Saam which is broadcast by the SABC. The study employed a qualitative approach which allowed the use of descriptive analysis. Purposive sampling was used to determine the soap opera as the most appropriate to examine racial characterisation. The data was collected through qualitative content analysis which enabled the researcher to peruse Skeem Saam’s episodes which address the study’s objectives. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data which enabled the analysis of ten characters and the contexts these characters are portrayed in. The study found that there are negative racial misconceptions and stereotypes attached to Black character roles through occupational roles, personality traits, social and economic status as compared to White character roles. Therefore, that there is misrepresentation of Blacks through roles played by Black characters. The study recommends a need for transformative policy amendments which will bind soap opera producers to include realistic and balanced representations of race and gender. Narrative formations should also feature realistic developments in society rather fictional storylines that run at the expense of daunting Blacks growth in South Africa.

As the retail apocalypse is increasing, it is common to face stores without consumers in citycenters. E-commerce is one of the factors that has had a negative impact on physical stores,both in city centers and in shopping malls. It has been easier for shopping malls than forcity centers to fight the increased competition.The purpose of this thesis was to explore who the typical shopping mall consumer was andif this consumer felt excluded from city centers. Four concepts were investigated; consumerstereotype, place image, shopping experience and place attractiveness. A qualitative,method and an exploratory approach were applied, and the data was collected through anonline focus group and interviews.The findings showed that the perceived typical shopping mall consumer had seven traits;social, fun, curious, open, flexible, time thrifty, calm and patient, and four characteristics;young, families with children, females and formal styles/ fashion oriented. Furthermore,this consumer felt excluded as a shopper because of the limited supply and divided citycenter.The implication of this study was to understand who the typical shopping mall consumeris and, if and why he/she felt excluded. Hence, this can provide retailers in city centers withunderstanding of what factors affect the perceived typical shopping mall consumer’s choiceand thus will enable them to make their stores more welcoming also to the typical shoppingmall customer.The original value of this study is an understanding of the perceived typical shopping mallconsumer and if this consumer feels excluded from city centers, which has previously notbeen explored.

Stereotypes are often considered to exist as a consequence of categorizing people into different groups, our belonging (or not) to the group, and our exposure to perceived covariation between group member’s physical and psychological characteristics However, the process of stereotype learning itself is not always taken into account. In my thesis, I hypothesized that people will categorize artificial social stimuli into groups, and learn to associate them with descriptions compatible with stereotype content, even if they are not actively made aware of such a connection. This learning process is influenced by the individuals process on the one, and its social environment on the other. First, we find that people learn stereotypes in the absence of explicit information about the existence of social outgroups. For stimuli with equal baseline valence, the contrast between perceived stereotypes was stronger when the stereotypical information was more distinctive for one social group over the other. When baseline valence was not the same, stereotype-consistent information increased this difference while non-stereotypical information led to less stereotypical differentiation between the groups.Second, when participants are themselves part of a group, stereotype consistent information is readily integrated into the group impression. For stereotype inconsistent information, and within the context of experimentally induced group belonging, participants did learn the (counter) stereotypical information, but the identification with the group decreased. Finally, the focus is again on outgroup stereotype learning, but this time in the context of small social networks. The aim here was to isolate network structure from social interaction per se and investigate whether structure alone influences the emergence of stereotypes. People learned from each other in these distinct network configurations, i.e. in a fully connected network or a star network. Different from the other studies, participants decided themselves how a member of our experimental social groups was presented to other participants. This way, we could observe whether stereotypes emerge as a consequence of social interaction, restricted by their network ties. We found that participants will learn outgroup stereotypes consistent with the covariation between group stimuli and description to which they were exposed in their respective network. However, the network structure itself does not contribute to stereotype learning or emergence. / Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Denna C-uppsats analyserar den narrativt skildrade hemvändaren i tre olika tv-serier som sänts på Sveriges Television och ställer frågan: På vilka sätt kan hemvändaren så som den skildras i dessa tre tv-serier identifieras? Serierna som undersökts är Hem till Byn, Skärgårdsdoktorn och Möbelhandlarens Dotter. Alla tre är fiktiva. Syftet med denna uppsats är alltså sammanfattat att undersöka hur hemvändarrollen skildras i dessa Public Service-serier och se hur samhällets bild av landsbygden påverkat detta. Detta har uppnåtts via kvalitativa metoder, med inslag av kultur- och samhällshistoriska perspektiv. Begreppet hemvändare har definierats som en karaktär som återkommer till hembygden den har bakgrund i efter en lång antingen resa eller flytt därifrån. Analysen har åstadkommits genom att undersöka de konnotativa betydelserna i bilderna hemvändaren blir skildrad genom, examinera hur mediekanalerna de kommuniceras genom påverkar, undersöka hur den hegemoniska bilden av maskulinitet har ett inflytande på karaktären, analysera vad karaktärerna egentligen vänder hem till, och tillslut även fråga vad denna narrativa trend säger om hur samhället känner för det rurala ursprunget. Det som framkommit i resultatet är att hemvändaren ses som avvikande enligt de karaktärerna som stannat kvar i det rurala samhället den lämnat. Platsen hemvändaren återvänder till är i dessa fall alltid ett ruralt landsbygdssamhälle med olika högt ansedd kulturell status. Målet karaktären i slutändan strävar efter är att inte längre klassas som just en hemvändare. / This paper analyzes the narratively depicted character called “hemvändare” in Swedish and asks the question: in what way can the “hemvändare” as it is depicted in the Swedish television channels Sveriges Television be identified? The analysis is based on three television shows produced for the Swedish Public Service. The shows are Hem till Byn, Skärgårdsdoktorn and Möbelhandlarens Dotter, all three are based on fiction. The examination of this character through the lens of the Public Service and how society’s view of Sweden’s rural areas has affected it is the summation of the papers meaning. This is achieved through qualitative methods, as well with elements of cultural and social historical perspectives. The term “hemvändare” in this text will be defined as a character who returns to the rural area in which the character grew up in, or had a previously strong connection to, after a move or a long trip away from there. The analysis is accomplished through examining the connotative meanings in the pictures through which they are depicted, inspecting how the media channels they are communicated through affect the end result, studying how the hegemonic ideal of masculinity has an influence on the character, examining what the “hemvändare” actually returns to, and finally ask what this narrative trend says about how Swedish society really feels about is rural origins. The result achieved tells that the “hemvändare” is seen as someone deviant by those who stayed in the rural area. The community the character returns to is in all of the examined series always a rural one with differently respected cultural statuses. In the end however the goal of the analyzed character is to no longer be a “hemvändare”.

Esta investigación tiene por objetivo demostrar cómo impacta la retórica visual utilizada en la red social Instagram en la consolidación del estereotipo femenino, entre las mujeres de 18 a 24 años. Así, se planteó como hipótesis que la retórica visual usada en la red social Instagram mediante patrones gráficos y el diseño de persuasión, impacta en la consolidación del estereotipo femenino de las mujeres en Lima. El tipo de investigación es descriptiva, ya que se analizaron diversos aspectos en las cuentas de perfiles de creadoras de contenido limeñas. Además, el diseño de investigación es mixta ya que se emplearon el uso de encuestas a mujeres entre los 18 y 24 años y entrevistas a especialistas en los temas de la investigación. Se halló en los resultados que, en los perfiles de creadoras de contenidos provenientes de Lima, hay patrones que se ven reflejados en los perfiles de las mujeres que las siguen. Se evidenció en las encuestas que Instagram efectivamente es una red social muy usada por las mujeres. Dentro de las entrevistas, las especialistas señalaron que, sí existe una presión por ser como las influencers, y que se promueve mediante ellas los estereotipos femeninos. Finalmente, se pudo demostrar cómo impactan las imágenes consumidas mediante la red social Instagram, y cómo ayudan a formas un estereotipo femenino. Porque, mediante los patrones gráficos y el discurso persuasivo propio del diseño gráfico, se da un mensaje hacia las seguidoras de creadoras de contenido limeñas. / This research aims to demonstrate how the visual rhetoric used in the social network, Instagram affects the consolidation of the female stereotype in women age 18 to 24 years. Therefore, we hypothesized that the visual rhetoric used in this social media platform, through graphic patterns and a persuasion design, impacts the consolidation of the female stereotype of women between the ages of 18 to 24 in the city of Lima. The type of research used is descriptive since we analyzed several aspects of the profile accounts of multiple content creators in Lima. The research design is mixed, which contains quantitative and qualitative characteristics in surveys and also interviews with specialists in these topics. We found that in the profiles of content creators of Lima, there were patterns that are reflected in profiles of other women who follow them. Undoubtedly, it was evident in the polls that Instagram is a social network widely used by women. In the interviews, the specialists pointed out that there is indeed pressure to imitate influencers, which promotes the so-called female stereotypes. Finally, we were able to demonstrate how the images impact this social network and how they contribute to shaping female stereotypes. We also found that the message is delivered to the followers of the content creators of Lima through graphic patterns and persuasive communication of graphic designs. / Trabajo de investigación

L'objet de cette thèse est de montrer que le contact avec les jeunes peut diminuer les effets délétères de la menace du stéréotype (i.e., la crainte de confirmer le stéréotype négatif de son propre groupe) sur la performance des personnes âgées, en France et en Indonésie. Dans les deux pays, les personnes âgées sont stéréotypées comme ayant de faibles capacités mnésiques. Nous examinons également les rôles médiateurs de l'anxiété (liée à la performance et/ou celle d'intergroupe) et de l'empathie (l'empathie cognitive, également appelée «perspective taking», et/ou l'empathie affective) dans le lien entre la menace et la performance, en fonction du groupe culturel auquel appartiennent ces personnes âgées. Les participants, des personnes âgées en France et en Indonésie, réalisaient une tâche présentée soit comme un test de mémoire (menaçant pour les personnes âgées) ou comme un exercice cognitif (non menaçant). Les résultats montrent que, dans les deux pays, la menace entraîne la diminution de la performance des participants par rapport à la tâche, particulièrement chez ceux qui ont peu de contacts positifs avec les jeunes en dehors de la famille. Parmi ceux ayant des contacts positifs, la menace ne réduit pas leur performance. Les contacts avec les jeunes au sein même de la famille, par exemple avec les petits enfants, entraînent également des meilleures performances chez les participants âgés en France, contrairement à ceux en Indonésie. Les résultats révèlent que l'anxiété, contrairement à l'empathie, est une variable médiatrice du lien entre la menace et la performance. Tout en révélant l'influence de la culture, l'anxiété liée à la performance chez les participants français versus l'anxiété intergroupe chez les participants indonésiens, explique la diminution des performances. La discussion se focalise sur les différences aussi bien dans la nature des contacts intergénérationnels que dans la perception de soi chez les personnes âgées dans ces deux pays. / The present studies examined whether contacts with young people reduce the negative effects of stereotype threat (i.e., fear of confirming the negative stereotypes of one's own group) on the performance of the elderly in France and in Indonesia. The extent to which this is mediated by anxiety (performance anxiety and/or intergroup anxiety) and empathy (i.e., cognitive empathy, also called perspective taking, and/or affective empathy) as a function of cultural groups was also examined. Samples of elderly people in France and in Indonesia completed a task that was framed as a memory test (high-threat situation, given the stereotype of the elderly as forgetful in both countries) or a cognitive exercise (low-threat situation). Results showed that, in both countries, threat decreased the performance of the elderly, but only among those who had little positive contacts with young people outside the family. Among those who had more positive contacts, threat did not lower their performance. Contacts with you people within the family, such as grandchildren, also had similar buffering function among our French participants, but not among Indonesian participants. Results also revealed anxiety, but not empathy, as the mediating factor of the link between threat, contacts, and performance. Revealing the importance of culture, it was performance anxiety for the French vs. intergroup anxiety for the Indonesian elderly that mediated the effects of threat on performance. The discussion focuses on the differences in the nature of intergenerational contacts and in the self-perception of the elderly in the two countries.