Ce mémoire a pour but d’identifier les manières par lesquelles l’idéologie influence la formation du sujet, principalement par le discours et par ses ancrages dans les corps. Pour se faire, nous mobiliserons les écrits de Pierre Bourdieu et de Judith Butler sur la question, représentant respectivement les positions structuralistes et postmodernes de la formation du sujet (lecture classique). Nous tâcherons de comprendre, à l’aide de la conception de l’idéologie de Louis Althusser, s’il est possible de trouver un terrain d’entente entre nos auteur.es lorsqu’on s’attarde à l’émancipation du sujet et, ainsi, nuancer leurs positions. La théorie bourdieusienne a été critiquée pour son déterminisme latent, alors que la performativité de Butler a été accusée de volontarisme et d’ignorer la matérialité des corps. C’est en explorant les critiques faites à nos auteur.es et les possibilités de réunions entre l’habitus de Bourdieu et la performativité que nous constaterons le rôle de l’idéologie dans la mise au monde du sujet, mais également dans sa libération. Si les structures se retrouvent dans les corps sous la forme de dispositions et que la corporalité ainsi que la parole sont indissociables, ne faudrait-il pas trouver un moyen de penser la libération par le corps? Là où il est difficile de théoriser l’émancipation chez Bourdieu, sa pensée sur le corps contient plusieurs outils pour penser une subversion ne relevant pas exclusivement du discours. La performativité, dont l’objectif est la libération politique et l’habitus gagneraient donc à dialoguer. Nous verrons que la phénoménologie queer a le potentiel les réunir. / The purpose of this thesis is to identify the ways in which ideology influences the formation of the subject, primarily through discourse and its embedding in bodies. To this end, we will mobilize the writings of Pierre Bourdieu and Judith Butler on the question, representing respectively the structuralist and postmodernist positions on subject formation (following a classical reading). We will try to understand, with the help of Louis Althusser's conception of ideology, if it is possible to find a common ground between our authors regarding the emancipation of the subject, and attempt to nuance their positions. Bourdieusian theory has been criticized for its latent determinism, while Butler's performativity has been accused of voluntarism and of ignoring the materiality of bodies. It is by exploring the criticisms made to our authors and the possibilities of convergence between Bourdieu's habitus and Butler’s performativity that we will be able to recognize the role of ideology in the making of the subject, but also in its liberation. If structures can be found within the bodies in the shape of dispositions, and if corporality and speech are inseparable, should we not find a way to think liberation through the body? Whereas it is difficult to theorize emancipation in Bourdieu's work, his thought on the body contains several tools for thinking a subversion that is not exclusively a matter of discourse. Performativity, whose objective is precisely political liberation, and habitus would thus gain from being brought into dialogue. We will see that queer phenomenology has the potential to bring them together.

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Dissertation Abstract Introduction to the conceptual basis of Vratislav Effenberger's thought (Dialectics of the genesis of the concept of idea models) Mgr. Šimon Svěrák The thesis introduces a reader to the basic aspects of the theoretical system of Vratislav Effenberger, the main theoretician of post-war Czech surrealism. It does so through the construction of a developmental dialectic of the main concepts of Effenberger's work of the 1960s, which culminates in the concept of so-called idea models. In this period, Effenberger primarily addresses the question of the nature of the existential forms of the concept of total meaning in the post-war social and psychological situation. He formulates his reflections as a critical reassessment of the theoretical legacy of Karl Teige and a question of the possibility of further continuity of the Surrealist worldview. The thesis demonstrates that Effenberger first rejects the notion of ultimate meaning, through which psychosocial reality can be grasped as a meaningful whole, and replaces it with a notion of conflict. However, the internal logic of his theoretical system gradually leads him to the conclusion that human consciousness cannot exist without the idea of ultimate meaning and that such meaning exists only in the form of the idea model. The idea model is...

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Le projet proposé est le suivant : d’abord tenter de comprendre quelle place joue l’indicible dans le langage et quelle forme prend — au niveau fondamental — la violence exercée à son endroit en suivant l'oeuvre d'Emmanuel Levinas et de Ludwig Wittgenstein. Ensuite, poursuivre l’analyse des formes de violence du langage en se penchant sur les conditions de possibilité d’une telle violence ou plutôt sur certaines manifestations historiques d’un tel exercice à l'aide du Différend (1983) de Jean-François Lyotard. Et finalement, appliquer les distinctions établies dans les deux chapitres précédents pour mettre en place les conditions d’établissement d’un espace discursif ouvrant à la possibilité du témoignage non-violent visant à reconnaître l’expérience de la survivante auparavant réduite au silence. / The current project aims to understand the role played by the “unspeakable” in language and what form—at a fundamental level—does the violence perpetrated towards it take by following the works of Emmanuel Levinas and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Then, the analysis of linguistic violence continues by examining the different manifestations of this wrong and their conditions of possibility or more precisely, by scrutinizing certain historical incidences of such a reproduction of violence by proposing a close reading of Jean-François Lyotard’s Le Différend (1983). Finally, an attempt will be made at establishing the conditions necessary for the construction of a discursive safe-space opening the possibility of a non-violent witnessing and testimony oriented towards the recognition of the experience of the once silenced survivor.

This work addresses the historically-read despotism Genesis 1.28 has often received in its subordination of nature for the interests of human enterprise and counters the notion of reading the entire Bible as an anti-environmental, anthropocentric text. In using a combined literary lens of eco-criticism and new historicism, this work examines the Hebrew Bible with particular attention to the books of Genesis and Exodus, offering within the Torah’s oldest literary tradition (the J source) an environmental connection between humanity and the divine that promotes a reverence of natural world and, conversely, a rejection of rampant urbanization and its cultural departure from nature. It is the goal of this research to create a discourse by bridging the gap between religious and green studies and forging a connection with the works of the early biblical writers and environmental thought of the modern world.

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