No description available.

I denne avhandlinga har jeg to hovedsiktemål. For det første søker jeg å gi ei tolkning av den såkalte rasjonalisten René Descartes’, transcendentalpragmatikeren Karl-Otto Apels og eleven hans, Wolfgang Kuhlmanns, samt den objektive idealisten Vittorio Hösles forsøk på å tilbakevise den universelle skeptisismen, og det vil, grovt formulert, si forsøka deres på å vise at sistebegrunna kunnskap er mulig. For det andre prøver jeg å vurdere de nemnte tenkernes skeptisismekritikk. Denne vurderinga mun-ner ut i tre hovedteser: (i) Ingen av dem har lyktes i sine forsøk på å gjendrive skepti-keren; (ii) en slik gjendrivelse er (i en bestemt forstand) heller ikke mulig; (iii) en ikke-falsifikasjonistisk universell fallibilisme, og dvs. en bestemt form for universell skeptisisme, er en posisjon som gir en korrekt beskrivelse av den menneskelige ende-lighet (på erkjennelsens område).

The topic of this study is a notion of empathy that is common in philosophy and in the behavioral sciences. It is here referred to as ‘the notion of empathy as emotional sharing’, and it is characterized in terms of three ideas. If a person, S, has empathy with respect to an emotion of another person, O, then (i) S experiences an emotion that is similar to an emotion that O is currently having, (ii) S’s emotion is caused, in a particular way, by the state of O or by S’s entertaining an idea of the state or situation of O, and (iii) S experiences this emotion in a way that does not entail that S is in the corresponding emotional state. The aim of the study is to clarify this notion of empathy by clarifying these three ideas and by tracing the history of their development in philosophy. The study consists of two parts. Part one contains a short and selective account of the history in Western philosophy of the notion of empathy as emotional sharing. In chapter 2 Spinoza’s theory of imitation of affects and Hume’s theory of sympathy are presented. It is argued that these theories only exemplify the second idea characteristic of the notion of empathy as emotional sharing. Chapter 3 contains presentations of Adam Smith’s theory of sympathy, and Schopenhauer’s theory of compassion. These theories are shown to exemplify the second and the third idea. In chapter 4 there are presentations of Edith Stein’s description of Einfühlung, and Max Scheler’s account of empathy and fellow-feeling. It is shown that these accounts contain explicit specifications of the third idea, and it is argued that they also exemplify the second idea. In part two, the three ideas are further clarified and the notion of empathy as emotional sharing is defined. Chapter 5 contains a discussion of the main contemporary philosophical analyses of empathy. Three different views are distinguished: one that construes empathetic emotions as emotional states, one that construes them as imagined emotions, and one that construes them as off-line emotions. The first two views are criticized and rejected. The third is accepted and further developed in chapter 6, which contains a general analysis of the emotions. A distinction is made between two ways of experiencing an emotion, and it is argued that it is possible to have the affective experience characteristic of a particular kind of emotional state without being in that kind of state. In chapter 7, a definition of ‘empathy’ is proposed. This definition contains specifications of the three ideas characteristic of the notion of empathy as emotional sharing, and it shows both how the empathizer’s emotion resembles the emotion of the empathee, and how this emotion is caused and experienced.

No description available.

Monuments are raised all over the world of several different reasons. A monument dosen´t only refer just to itself, it also tells something about the historical context they are risen into. The overall purpose of this study is to try to reveal how history is used through the process, and rising of the monument "Vindarnas Boning" in Karlstad, Sweden 16/6, 1967. The historical narrative around this monument is about to show the importance of the esthetics, the main forces around the monument and last, how the monument legitimacy is maintained. Throughout those analytic tools, according to this study, I will try to examine possible other reasons behind this monument than the official one, who is to act as a remembrance of the finnish immigrants who settled in the unpopulated deep forests of Sweden and enabled to maintain a minor community separated from other influences, during the 16 th century and onward. The 1960´s is characterized by the large working movements between Sweden and Finland. Also the Finnish authorities launches an economical campaign in Sweden to broaden their export possibilities. This campaign is about to show the new modern Finland, with increasing own independence from Soviet influences. Referred to this, the study shows how other groups in the society possible uses history for their own purposes, the cultural ties between Sweden and Finland are strengthen through this monument, wich gains advantages in other areas as well. Referred to the economics and the thoughts of a Nordic cooperation, which some elements wishes to broaden. Through the historical narrative this study reveals actors who has strong ties to these goals. Because of this, there might be a reason to ask if the official remembrance is the only factor that is linked to this monument. This study connects the use of history through monuments with ideological reasons. This perhaps, can be a perspective to have in mind, when visiting the monument "Vindarnas Boning" next time, or other monuments as well.

Det här arbetet kommer att utreda hur det kan gå till när man bygger ett varumärke åt bandet Projektet. Syftet med arbetet är att bygga upp och stärka vårt eget bands varumärke för att ge ettmer engagerat och intryck inför både vår publik och branschfolk.Vi har med enkla medel gjort stora förändringar och definierat bandets personlighet.

Sammanfattning   Med målet att utöka antalet lyssnare för vår grupp, har jag undersökt hur man som artist kan gå tillväga för att etablera sig en fanbase. Genom intervjuer, seminariebesök, efterforskning på internet och litteratur ämnar jag mig åt att finna svar på frågan. I samband med detta arbete har jag även tillsammans med min sånggrupp och en producent skrivit en radiolåt, som bland annat bygger på tidigare studier i kursen ”projekt i musik och ljudproduktion B 15 hp”.

This thesis deals with the social dimension in lithic technology during the Mesoltihic in eastern central Sweden. The starting point is the empirical observation of the disappearing bipolar-on-anvil method of reduction around 4500 BC. This method of reduction is often used on quartz and it is the dominant method of reduction at Stone Age sites dated to the period before 4500 BC. It subsequently almost disappears without any sign of technological innovation at the time. Several other changes in the Mesolithic society occur at this time; the large aggregation sites disappear and contact with other areas changes. All this points to that the technological change is only one indication of more profound changes in the organisation and structuring of the society at this time. By looking at technology as a practice, it can be related to the social communications and negotiations that occur between different people. Tool making is seen as an arena where people of different gender and age are engaged. Lithic technology has a strong performative character that is an important part in the constant communications of social identities. This performative character is expressed at the knapping floors. The knapping floors are analyzed spatially and with a fracture analysis. The method of fracture analysis is developed as a result of experimental knapping. The result of the analysis of knapping floors from seven Mesolithic sites indicate that there is a contradiction between on the one hand organizing tool production in different strategies, as a result of different social groups being engaged in the making of quartz tools, and on the other hand, the spatially structuration of knapping floors where all stone working is located in one place. This contradiction is seen as an example of the duality of action and structure. By spatially organising the knapping floors as places where people met, they were given a purpose as a levelling device in an egalitarian structure. The disappearance of the bipolar-on-anvil method of reduction around 4500 BC is only a small symbol of more profound changes in the social structure in the Mesolithic society, changes in the way people percieved their world and themselves.

This account deals with my degree in furniture design. The project was done in collaboration with the architect firm Byggnadskonst AB in a quest for the cafe chain "Vivels" Byggnadskonst AB’s mission was to make the interior of the cafe that Vivels is building in Larsberg Center on Lidingö. My assignment was to design chairs for the café. In the beginning I had even thought about designing a table, but as time past I focussed more and more on the chairs. My idea, or issue, was to make chairs for several different kinds of users. My goal was to make a chair for young people, a chair for the elderly and one chair for parents with children. The chairs would make sense of style and construction, but have different features that suited the different groups. I also wanted to learn more about the collaboration with architects, how an interior design project is done and what to consider in the design of the cafe chairs. I did a research phase of reflection, a questionnaire survey of coffee shop visitors and cafe staff, and was also looking for information about it. I listed the various functions that the different groups could need. When I started sketching I decided to first make a basic chair. A chair that I was pleased with and which I knew was feasible in terms of price and production. During the process I found several interesting issues that I worked with, like how to hang the chair on the table in a new way and if you can make use of vinyl floor from the swedish company Bolon or felt to span a seat over a frame. Gradually I changed my issue from beeing about designing different chairs for different users to be about to make a basic chair that could fit most people in form and aesthetics, I confined myself to design a chair with armrests, one chair without armrests and a bar stool. Sure, there were still the idea of different people, the armrests are a help for older people that will find it easier to get up - but also in order to be able to hang the chair on the table. In the end I just made one single chair, without armrests. I thougt a lot about armrests but not found a good solution to it. The barstool is available as renderings but is not as thought out as the chair - yet. This work continues, I still intend to finish an armchair and a bar stool as well, but outside of the thesis.

Den här rapporten visar mitt sätt att arbeta när jag undersöker materialet lim. De olika provresultaten och tankarna bakom dem redovisas, och de slutliga broscherna visas. Limmets värde genomgår en förändring när det från limpistolen via förvandlingen på arbetsbänken når bäraren/betraktaren.