The challenges of urban mobility demand a new way of thinking and of managing the displacement of goods and people in Brazilian cities. Bicycles as a means of transportation become then an important tool for urban sustainability and allow for a good rapport between citizens and the urban space. This research aims to come up with a Cyclability Index through the use of Socio-environmental Indicators. Cyclability sets out to elaborate on tools that analyze the acceptance of bicycles in cities as an efficient means of transportation and how much they should considered positive by society as a whole and the public administration. Thus, the main goal of this research was to come up with a cyclability index in the city of Aracaju focusing on use of bicycles as a means of transportation; alongside, the specific goals seek to identify the weaknesses and the potential of bicycle motivated urban mobility; analyze, through socio-environmental indicators, the technical, institutional, environmental, structural, political and cultural conditions of bicycle use and present possible policies to enhance these conditions. The adopted methodology chooses five categories composed of 13 indicators, that through data collection in four different research zones, presents results which match this essay`s goals. The Cyclability Index of Aracaju, it was found, scored 1.13, which means it is on critical level and that bicycle use conditions are poor in the city. For this reason, short-term responses are needed to address the issue. This research drew the conclusion that the public administration should as soon as possible propose intervention measures and governance policies to plan and overhaul the city`s cycle lanes regarding their environmental, infrastructural and security aspects. / Os desafios da mobilidade urbana exigem uma nova forma de pensar e gerir os deslocamentos de pessoas e mercadorias nas cidades brasileiras. A uso da bicicleta como transporte configura-se como uma ferramenta importante para a sustentabilidade urbana e propicia uma melhor relação entre o cidadão e os espaços urbanos. A motivação para realização deste estudo se dá pelo estabelecimento de um Índice de Ciclabilidade com o uso de Indicadores Socioambientais. A ciclabilidade busca estabelecer instrumentos de análise sobre a aceitação da bicicleta na cidade como um transporte eficiente e o quanto ela pode e deve ser vista de forma positiva pela sociedade e pela gestão pública. Para isso, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi estabelecer um índice de ciclabilidade na cidade de Aracaju com foco no uso da bicicleta como meio de transporte, além de objetivos específicos que buscou identificar fragilidades e potencialidades da mobilidade urbana por bicicleta; Analisar, com o uso de indicadores socioambientais, as condições técnicas, institucionais, ambientais, estruturais, políticas e culturais do uso da bicicleta e apresentar possíveis alternativas de ação e políticas públicas para a melhoria deste modal. A metodologia utilizada parte da seleção de 5 categorias com 13 indicadores, que por meio da coleta de dados em 4 áreas de pesquisa apresentam resultados compatíveis com o objetivo da pesquisa. Constatou-se que o Índice de Ciclabilidade de Aracaju possui uma pontuação de 1,31. Pontuação considerada crítica, isto é, nas ciclovias analisadas na cidade de Aracaju, pode-se afirmar que as condições para o uso da bicicleta são ruins. Portanto, julga-se necessário a realização de ações a curto prazo. Conclui-se que é urgente a proposição intervenções na esfera da gestão pública e de governança capazes de planejar e executar melhorias nas estruturas cicloviárias referente aos aspectos ambientais, de infraestrutura física, sinalização e de segurança pública e viária. / São Cristóvão, SE

Increasing environmental and social pressure caused by human activity requires action toward a sustainable society. As our population grows and the proportion living in urban areas increases, cities are in a unique position to affect change. This has led to Circular Economy (CE) gaining momentum in municipalities as a tool for their city. Despite this momentum, there is lack of clarity about what CE is, how it can be most effectively implemented, and its relationship to strategic sustainable development (SSD). This research synthesized definitions of CE used in the field and investigated 21 cities worldwide to see how their municipalities have implemented CE practices. Using the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD), the implemented actions were critically examined for their strategic contribution toward a sustainable society. The findings suggest that CE is defined broadly, and interpreted differently by different users. In some cases, this presents challenges for its strategic use. The CE actions examined are concluded to be within the boundaries of a sustainable society, as defined by the FSSD. Their strategic approach is determined to be largely positive, with some exceptions. Depending on its application, CE is concluded to be a useful, albeit insufficient, tool for municipalities working toward SSD.

The purpose of this study, from a systemic-complex analysis, it was tranlate in what manner the urban graphics can be analyzed from the bias of the cultural manifestation, thus making part of Brazil's cultural heritage, thus creating a legitimate way to search for access sustainable city. Therefore, the work remains divided into three chapters. The first analyzed the evolution of the concept of cultural heritage in Brazil, analyzing the possibility of expanding its role to include various cultural events, like the urban graphics, passing by a critical lack of focused cultural policies for urban artwork. In the second chapter we sought, dialectically, analyze urban typefaces from the perspective of the anthropological and legal concept of culture and the Environmental Crimes Act, to finally bring the existing dialectics in taggers speech, graffiti artists and society, from the reading of the documentary Pixo and the documentary PixoAção. Finally, in the third chapter, we sought to examine the right concept to the city in line to the faceteds concept of sustainability and the reality of the city of Santa Maria, RS. / O presente estudo objetiva, a partir de uma análise sistêmico-complexa, descortinar em que medida os grafismos urbanos podem ser analisados a partir do viés da manifestação cultural, fazendo parte assim do patrimônio cultural brasileiro, configurando uma forma legítima de busca pelo acesso à cidade sustentável. Para tanto, o trabalho restou dividido em três capítulos. No primeiro, analisou-se a evolução do conceito de Patrimônio Cultural no Brasil, analisando a possibilidade de ampliação de seu rol, para permitir a inclusão de manifestações culturais diversas, a exemplo dos grafismos urbanos, perpassando por uma crítica à falta de políticas culturais voltadas para os grafismos urbanos, com objetivo de democratização da cultura. No segundo capítulo, buscou-se, de forma dialética, analisar os grafismos urbanos a partir da ótica do conceito antropológico e jurídico de cultura e da Lei de Crimes Ambientais, para por fim, trazer as nuances existentes no discurso de pichadores, grafiteiros e da sociedade. Tal pesquisa foi possível com a análise do documentário Pixo e do documentário PixoAção. Por derradeiro, no terceiro capítulo, buscou-se analisar o Conceito de Direito à cidade em consonância ao conceito multifacetado de sustentabilidade, trazendo à baila, por meio de um levantamento fotográfico, a realidade da cidade de Santa Maria, RS.

Submitted by Dominic Schmal (d_schmal@hotmail.com) on 2018-10-25T12:50:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TA.Dominic Schmal.Envio.18.09.24.v3.limpa.pdf: 3861150 bytes, checksum: ec59a1e27b55d46b378324877080b27f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br) on 2018-10-25T20:15:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TA.Dominic Schmal.Envio.18.09.24.v3.limpa.pdf: 3861150 bytes, checksum: ec59a1e27b55d46b378324877080b27f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-10-26T14:03:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TA.Dominic Schmal.Envio.18.09.24.v3.limpa.pdf: 3861150 bytes, checksum: ec59a1e27b55d46b378324877080b27f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-26T14:03:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TA.Dominic Schmal.Envio.18.09.24.v3.limpa.pdf: 3861150 bytes, checksum: ec59a1e27b55d46b378324877080b27f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-29 / As cidades e os seus formuladores de políticas enfrentam grandes pressões para buscar atender os atuais desafios de mobilidade urbana. A urbanização acelerada, o crescimento populacional, as mudanças demográficas e a escassez de recursos naturais e mudanças climáticas continuarão a desafiar as cidades pelo mundo. O desenvolvimento urbano sustentável é uma prioridade global e se faz necessário. No entanto, a maioria das cidades carece da capacidade e de recursos para garantir o desenvolvimento de maneira sustentável. Mobilidade é um dos tópicos mais difíceis de serem solucionados nas grandes áreas urbanas, envolvendo questões de políticas públicas econômicas e socioambientais e dependendo da tecnologia e comportamento da população. Aquelas cidades que decidiram realizar movimentos ousados no avanço e na diversificação nos sistemas de transporte urbano por meio de um plano de mobilidade sustentável poderão aprimorar a atratividade, a produtividade a e qualidade de vida dos cidadãos. As grandes metrópoles brasileiras devem se atentar às iniciativas de mobilidade urbana sustentáveis a fim e atender as tendências de urbanização acelerada e das mudanças demográficas que ocorrerão no Brasil nas próximas décadas e de maneira exponencial. Nesse contexto, este trabalho busca responder à seguinte questão: de que forma o plano de mobilidade de São Paulo incorpora princípios de mobilidade urbana sustentável? Tal análise é realizada tomando-se como base (i) a proposta de Subirats et al. (2008) para elementos constitutivos de uma política pública e (ii) no modelo de Machado e Piccinini (2018) relacionado aos princípios dos planos de mobilidade urbana sustentável, comparando a incorporação de tais princípios nos planos de mobilidade urbana de Barcelona e Londres. Como resultados dessa análise, o Plano de Mobilidade de São Paulo é considerado avançado e equiparado na sua qualidade na estrutura de princípios e elementos de mobilidade urbana sustentável, quando comparamos com planos de mobilidade urbana de referência internacional. Entretanto, os resultados também apontam a necessidade de evoluir em temas ainda não contemplados no referido plano e que vêm ganhando notoriedade em outros países. / Cities and their policy makers face great pressure to address the current challenges of urban mobility. Rapid urbanization, population growth, demographic shifts and the scarcity of natural resources and climate change will continue to challenge cities around the world. Sustainable urban development is a global priority and is necessary. However most cities lack the capacity and resources to ensure development in a sustainable manner. Mobility is one of the most difficult issues to solve in large urban areas, involving public economic and socioenvironmental policy issues and depending on the technology and behavior of the population. Those cities that have decided to make daring moves to advance and diversify urban transport systems through a sustainable mobility plan can improve the attractiveness, productivity and quality of life of citizens. The great Brazilian metropolises must pay attention to the sustainable urban mobility initiatives in order to meet the trends of accelerated urbanization and the demographic changes that will occur in Brazil in the coming decades an in an exponential way. In this context, this paper seeks to answer the following question: How does São Paulo's mobility plan incorporate sustainable urban mobility principles? his analysis is carried out based on (i) the proposal of Subirats et al. (2008) for the constituent elements of a public policy and (ii) the Machado and Piccinini model (2018) related to the principles of sustainable urban mobility plans, comparing incorporation of such principles into the urban mobility plans of Barcelona and London. As a result of this analysis, the São Paulo Mobility Plan is considered to be advanced and equated in its quality in the structure of principles and elements of Sustainable Urban Mobility, when compared as urban mobility plans of international reference. However, the results also point to the need to evolve in themes not yet contemplated in the aforementioned plan and that have been gaining notoriety in other countries.

No description available.

Title - Designing Future Sustainable Cities through a Living Labs Approach – A Case study of “Väsby Labs” Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze the contributions of the Living Labs research and innovation methodology to the planning process of designing future sustainable cities as well as its main shortcomings. Additionally, this study intends to provide possible solutions to improve the model in the future. The Living Labs model focuses on creating platforms for communication, innovation and long term development by inviting different stakeholders to an open planning process before public places are defined, houses built and schools developed. Interaction between developers, inhabitants, social services, and political and financial systems is the key element of this model. Research questions - What are the main contributions of the Living Labs Model to the process of designing future sustainable cities and which are its main limitations? How can these limitations be addressed to improve the process in the future? Methodology - Qualitative research consisting of a literature review and an empirical case study based on semi-structured interviews with key individuals as well as secondary data gathered from the web and from participating in workshops and exhibitions in the project’s site. Research limitations/implications – Due to time limitations this study is a mere analysis of a project being developed on a Swedish municipality and does not contemplate its final results, only the ones reached on the date of the current study. The language is also a limitation, due to some of the literature related to the case study, and the conferences and workshops being in Swedish. Originality/Value - This study is the first attempt to analyze the contribution of a methodology such as the Living Labs to the planning process of designing future sustainable cities.

I Sverige används det idag cirka 5,4% förnybara drivmedel inom transportsektorn, att jämföra med under 0,5% år 2000. Av de ickefossila drivmedlen är el något som ofta benämns som en permanent och realistisk framtida lösning. Visionen ”Stockholm – Elbilsstad 2030” drivs av Stockholms Stad i samarbete med Fortum AB i syfte att ersätta den fossilbränsleslukande fordonsflottan. I den här studien undersöks de tekniska förutsättningarna och de eventuella vinsterna av ett storskaligt införande av elbilar. Studien har gjorts genom en modellering där parametrar som elbilens prestanda, elpris, bilens inköpspris och totala utsläpp använts. Resultatet skall presentera ett mikro- och ett makroresultat. Vinsterna beräknas dels för den enskilde individen, men också för samhället i stort. Vinsterna beräknas med en känslighetsanalys baserad på reella framtida scenarier. Resultaten visar tydligt att för den genomsnittlige Stockholmaren är elbilen det mest ekonomiskt lönsamma valet på sikt. På tio års sikt beräknas bensinbilen kosta individen 65,93% mer än elbilen om bensinpriset fortsätter med samma utveckling. En känslighetsanalys visar att även om bensinpriset skulle sjunka med 5% årligen in i framtiden skulle bensinbilen ändå vara 31,3% dyrare på tio års sikt. Resultaten visar också att samhällets kostnader för bilflottans utsläpp förväntas sjunka med 98% eller 92% beroende på om den svenska elproduktionen är tillräcklig eller om man måste importera el från övriga Norden. Samtidigt som kostnaderna för utsläppen sjunker för samhället, sjunker även skatteintäkterna till följd av minskad bensinanvändning. Om elpriset på sikt skulle stiga till följd av en ökad användning skulle detta dock kunna leda till att förlusten reduceras. Klart är att storskaligt införande av elbilar kräver ett engagemang från staten där den ekonomiska förlusten får ses som en investering i miljön och framtiden. / In Sweden there are currently about 5.4% renewable fuel vehicles within the transport sector, compared to less than 0.5% in 2000. Amongst the non-fossil fuel alternatives electricity is something which has often been referred to as a permanent and realistic future solution. The vision “Stockholm – A City of Electric Cars in 2030" is run by the City of Stockholm in cooperation with Fortum AB in order to replace the fossil-fuel-guzzling fleet. This report examines the technical conditions and possible gains of a large scale introduction of electric cars. The study was conducted through a modelling in which parameters such as electric car performance, tariff and total emissions are used. The conclusion will reveal a micro- and macro result. Economic gains are calculated both for the individual, but also for society at large. The profits are calculated by a sensitivity analysis based on realistic future scenarios. The results clearly show that for the average Stockholm resident, the electric car is the most economical choice. In ten years time the gasoline car is expected to cost the individual 65.93% more than the electrical car based on that the price of gasoline continues its current growth. A sensitivity analysis shows that even if gasoline prices were to drop by 5% annually into the future, gasoline car would still be 31.3% more expensive than the electric car in ten years time. The results also show that the societal costs of the car fleet’s emissions are expected to fall by 98% or 92% depending on whether the Swedish electricity production is sufficient, or whether imported electricity from other Nordic countries is necessary. While the cost of emissions decreases for the society, so are tax revenues due to reduced gasoline use. However, if the electricity price in the long run would rise due to increased use, this could however lead to a reduction of the loss. It is clear that for a large-scale introduction of electric cars to be successful it requires a committed government which will have to see the economic loss as a means to investment in the future and the environment.

A climate-neutral city can be viewed at in many different aspects. This report investigates the greenhouse gas, exergy and energy balance for both heat pumps and district heat supply at local, national and methane gas perspectives of the energy conversion processes. Through a numerical grey box model of a geographical information system based urban district. There seven different passive-, nearly zero-, and plus-energy residential buildings are implemented. That are developed and annually simulated in the IDA ICE software. There, thermal transmittance and building geometry are the most urgent parameters that impacts the space heating demand and energy performance. They are estimated by current and proposed primary energy weight factors where the geometry shape is undefined, while the altitude impact’s the building's energy, exergy, and greenhouse gas balance. Therefore high-rise building's energy performance are poorer than low-rise buildings, simultaneously as heat pump supply enables higher altitude than district heating. Other energy savings occur through additional energy-efficient technologies, energy generating technologies and soft tools that change residents’ behavior. The investigated urban district is placed in the Swedish city Gävle, which meets residents’ demand for approximately 6000 apartments without additional service. It is a plus energy district for heat pump supply and passive energy for district heating supply. Although the district heated urban district electricity-saving towards heat pump corresponds to 32 percent of the urban district's total facility and household electricity utilization. The energy analysis include the perspective of the facility’s energy utilization and generation, and the perspectives of residents’ energy utilization and recovery from their waste resource production. This makes the urban district exergy productive and carbon-negative during the operating phase, regardless of emission value and heat supply technology, since the facility perspective compensates for the residents’ electricity utilization and consumption of goods. Therefore, there are no need for tree plantation as compensation of greenhouse gas pollution since the carbon negativity corresponds to between 2 to 154 hectares of forest. The study is therefore relevant for other geographical locations in Sweden depending on geographical location, heat supply technology and emission value from the primary energy conversion processes. / <p>Förstudie i future heat projekt angående Framtidens klimatsmarta stad genom klimatneutral bebyggelse med fjärrvärme.</p>

Den ökade urbaniseringen och klimatförändringarna utgör några av de största utmaningarna vid utvecklingen av hållbara städer. Ekosystemtjänster som vatten- och temperaturreglering samt estetiska tjänster från träd kan bidra till att tackla utmaningar som extremväder och psykisk ohälsa. Gävle kommun har ett gediget hållbarhetsarbete men har inte genomfört någon egen undersökning över hur invånarna upplever de estetiska ekosystemtjänsterna från träd eller undersökt ekosystemtjänster från de vanligaste trädsläktena i staden. Med anledning av detta var syftet att sammanställa befintlig forskning rörande ekosystemtjänster från lind och tall i centrala Gävle samt ta fram egna data kring hur invånarna upplever stadsträd. Målet med studien var även att undersöka hur ekosystemtjänster från träd kan användas för att främja utvecklingen av mer hållbara städer. I denna fallstudie användes en blandad metod bestående av en litteraturöversikt och en webbaserad enkätstudie för att besvara forskningsfrågans olika delar. Litteraturstudien syftade till att undersöka hur lind respektive tall påverkar vattenreglering, temperaturreglering samt estetiska ekosystemtjänster och enkätstudien syftade till att undersöka hur invånarna i centrala Gävle upplever de estetiska värdena av stadsträd. Denna blandning av metoder valdes då de kompletterar varandra och ger en mer nyanserad bild av trädens roll i den hållbara staden. Litteraturöversikten visade att lindar har god förmåga att bidra till temperaturreglering samt gav en indikation att även tallar kan bidra till denna ekosystemtjänst men genom vissa andra egenskaper. Det fanns dock en avsaknad av forskning som fokuserar på lind och tall i relation till vattenreglering och estetiska tjänster i urbana miljöer. Överlag saknas mycket forskning om tall som stadsträd i relation till de valda ekosystemtjänsterna. Resultatet av enkätstudien visade att lövträd föredras framför barrträd i stadsmiljöer samt att blommor, bred trädkrona, färgstarka blad/barr och hög höjd är viktiga attribut för att ett träd ska upplevas som attraktivt. Utöver detta upplever många att träd är viktiga komponenter för välbefinnandet. Generellt sett bedöms det behövas mer artspecifik forskning gällande urbana träds ekosystemtjänster i de mer kalltempererade områdena där exempelvis tallar oftare förekommer som stadsträd. Vidare bör fler lokala undersökningar göras för att ta reda på hur invånarna upplever stadsträd och grönområden för att säkerställa att planeringen av dessa sker i enlighet med lokalbefolkningen preferenser. Slutligen bör nämnas att om utvecklingen av mer hållbara städer är ett mål som makthavarna avser uppnå måste mer fokus läggas på ekosystemtjänster från träd då de främjar mänskligt välbefinnande och långsiktigt resilienta samhällen. / Increased urbanization and climate change constitute some of the biggest challenges in the development of sustainable cities. Ecosystem services such as water and temperature regulation as well as aesthetic services from trees can help tackle challenges such as extreme weather and mental wellbeing. The municipality of Gävle has worked substantially with sustainability issues but has not conducted any survey of how residents experience the aesthetic ecosystem services from trees or examined ecosystem services from the most common trees in the city. Due to this, the purpose was to compile existing research concerning ecosystem services from linden and pine in central Gävle and research how the inhabitants experience urban trees. The aim of the study was also to investigate how ecosystem services from trees can be used to promote the development of more sustainable cities. In this case study, a mixed method consisting of a literature review and a web-based questionnaire was used. The literature review aimed to investigate how linden and pine affect water regulation, temperature regulation and aesthetic ecosystem services, and the survey study aimed to investigate how the inhabitants of central Gävle experience the aesthetic values of urban trees. This mix of methods was chosen as they complement each other and give a more nuanced picture of the role of trees in a sustainable city. The literature review showed that lindens can effectively contribute to temperature regulation and indicated that pines also have the ability to contribute to this ecosystem service, but through certain other properties. However, there was a lack of research focusing on linden and pine in relation to water regulation and aesthetic services in urban environments. In general, there is a lack of research on pine as an urban tree in relation to the selected ecosystem services. The results of the survey showed that deciduous trees are preferred over conifers in urban environments and that flowers, a broad tree crown, colorful leaves/conifers and height are important attributes for a tree to be perceived as attractive. In addition to this, many feel that trees are important components for their well-being. In conclusion more species-specific research is needed regarding ecosystem services of urban trees in the cold-tempered areas where, for example, pines more often occur as urban trees. Furthermore, more local surveys should be conducted to find out how residents experience urban trees and green areas to ensure planning of these spaces are in accordance with the preferences of the local population. Finally, it should be mentioned that if the development of more sustainable cities is going to be achieved, more focus must be placed on ecosystem services from trees as they promote human well-being and long-term resilient communities.

The discussion of a ‘cultural’ dimension of sustainability has been brought forward in sustainable development and in particular sustainable urban development (SUD) in the last three decades. Despite both an advancement of scientific discourse and advocacy through international organisations, empirical examples discussing explicitly leadership and organisation for implementation of culture in SUD are still rare. Through the lens of leadership and organisation, important questions regarding norms, values and behavior are being addressed that provide the foundation for future development. To advance empirical knowledge in the described field, the thesis takes a look at the city of Malmö in the form of a case study. In Malmö, culture has been assigned an important and all-encompassing role in the city’s organisation and sustainable development plan, manifested through a local policy, the so called ‘Culture Strategy’. This in-depth study aims at understanding the practical application of culture in SUD, given a theoretical framework including the possible roles of culture in SUD and the meanings of creative organisation and leadership in a neoliberal urban context. It is followed by a comprehensive analysis of a range of official documents and eight semi- structured interviews. Asking for the communication of visions and actors’ roles and understandings of culture in relation to practices and organisational structures, the thesis shows that the cultural strategy so far has a dual function as a catalyst and representative for the discussion of culture in SUD. Over-departmentalisation and a lack of communication present hinders for organisational change and the potential of development through learning is not given adequate space and time so far. In conclusion, the municipal organisation must detach from the idea to control, and rather enable ‘spaces’ for diverse actors to collectively employ creativity and allow for an experimental process to unfold.