Esta pesquisa teve início com uma pergunta sobre por que a educação tem sido um campo mais reconhecido pelos seus obstáculos do que pelos seus ensejos. O que tem feito da educação um fato de difícil acontecimento? Para responder a isso, recorremos a uma teorização da psicanálise que versa sobre o encontro do sujeito do desejo com a cultura, permitindo uma leitura de seus atravessamentos e implicações para a subjetividade e para a educação. A identificação moderna da pedagogia ao discurso da ciência forjou na instituição escolar um cenário marcado pela segregação e pela intolerância às diferenças, a despeito do discurso da inclusão apontar para o contrário disso. Diante dessa situação, os sujeitos têm respondido com sua desimplicação, desaparelhando a educação de suas condições de possibilidade. A análise de um dispositivo institucional de tratamento permitiu acompanhar uma modalidade de resposta clínica a este contexto, que visa a recuperar a responsabilidade e a implicação, elementos imprescindíveis às aprendizagens e ao encontro com o outro na situação do laço social. / This research begun by asking why education has been related more to its obstacles than to its opportunities. Why has education been seing as an event that happens with to such a difficult? To answer these questions, we used a psychoanalytic concept that tells us about the encounter of the subject of the desire with culture, which allow us to a reading of its crossings and implications for subjectivity and education. The identification of modern pedagogy to the discourse of science in the school has forged a scenario marked by segregation and intolerance for differences - despite the \'inclusion discourse\' to point the opposite. Given this situation, the subjects have been responding with their disengagement, dismating education of its conditions of possibility. The analysis of an institutional arrangement allowed us monitoring a modality of clinical response, which aims to restore responsibility and involvement, which are indispensable elements to the learnings and to the encounter with other in the social ties.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:37:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Laiz Terezinha Dietschi.pdf: 554232 bytes, checksum: a2eeacd77414ef87a02f124831113784 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-26 / This work presents a view of the learning disability symptom according to the psychoanalytical perspective of D. W. Winnicott as a sign of hope and creativity of children immersed in this kind of suffering. By presenting a clinical case, we aim at reading significant moments of the sessions, as we understand they are fundamental issues that allowed a way out of the situation where playing and learning pleasure could not arise / Este trabalho apresenta uma visão do sintoma dificuldade de aprendizagem segundo a perspectiva psicanalítica de D.W. Winnicott como sinal de esperança e criatividade de crianças mergulhadas nesse tipo de sofrimento. Por meio da apresentação de um caso clínico, busca-se fazer uma leitura de momentos significativos do atendimento, entendidos como fundamentais na articulação de aspetos que permitiram a saída da situação em que o brincar e o prazer da aprendizagem não podiam circular

L’hyperactivité du DSM est un dispositif anthropologique qui capture l’agitation de l’enfance pour naturaliser un effet de norme. Il s’agira dans un premier temps de démontrer le peu de scientificité du DSM et de la psychiatrie biologique dont il est l’instrument. L’hyperactivité est à ce propos paradigmatique ; son absence de consistance clinique en démontre la portée idéologique. La société, sous sa forme d’organisation néolibérale, tente de domestiquer l’humain à travers une normativité implacable ; la liberté de l’individu est réduite à celle d’un consentement à la norme. L’école, depuis qu’elle est obligatoire, est un des lieux stratégiques de normalisation des subjectivités. Quelles sont les caractéristiques de l’école qui relaie l’idéologie néolibérale ? Cette école est devenue école des performances ; elle produit des dispositifs pédagogiques soumis à l’idéologie de l’évaluation. Ce qui est visé là n’est plus un savoir à situer dans sa dimension sociale, mais la production de compétences/aptitudes individuelles. Ces nouveaux dispositifs pédagogiques opèrent un forçage sur la subjectivité des enfants en mécanisant le rapport au savoir. A ce forçage répond une protestation du sujet, qui peut engager le corps dans une agitation. Psychiatrie biologique et école des performances se connectent de nos jours via le paradigme du handicap, qui unifie ces deux champs, pour capter cette agitation dans les filets de l’hyperactivité. L’Autre que fait consister les dispositifs néolibéraux a un effet dé subjectivant ; il empêche le sujet de s’appuyer sur un symptôme pour trouver un appui dans la structure. Cet Autre projette le sujet du côté de la pulsion au point de ne pas pouvoir la traiter par l’opération de déchiffrement du savoir inconscient. L’agitation de l’enfant serait ainsi à situer entre symptôme et acting out. Mais reste toujours, via le transfert, à interroger la part du sujet qui est là convoqué dans son rapport à l’Autre et à la jouissance. / DSM hyperactivity is an anthropological device in so much that it captures the agitation of childhood in order to naturalize a normative effect. Hyperactivity is in this respect a paradigm of the scientisme of biological psychiatry of which DSM is the tool ; the absence of clinical substance is a testament to its ideological range. Society in its neo-liberal form has a tendency to domesticate humankind through implacable normality in which individual freedoms are reduced to normative consent. Since becoming mandatory, primary school has been one of the strategic sites of the normalisation of individual subjectivities. What are the distinctive features found in schooling that serve neo-liberal ideology ? Schooling has become the school of performances. It produces pedagogical devices subject to the ideology of evaluation. The target is no longer knowledge to be situated in a social dimension, but rather the production of individual skills and aptitudes. These new pedagogical devices force down on the subjectivity of children by making the link to knowledge a mechanical one. Such pressure meets with the subject’s protestation, which can lead to physical agitation. Today, biological psychiatry and performance led schooling connect through the paradigm of handicap, uniting the two fields and capturing agitation in the net of hyperactivity. The Other as the embodiment of neo-liberal devices has an effect on subjectivity : the subject can no longer gain support from a symptom in order to find his or her balance in the structure. Agitation in the child could therefore be situated between symptom and acting out. Nevertheless, there remains the ability to examine through transfer the part of the subject thus summoned in relation to the big Other and to jouissance.

Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-07-16T01:30:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaBolsson.pdf: 973159 bytes, checksum: 1868b2664c93e434247162cfcf7a39f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-16T01:30:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaBolsson.pdf: 973159 bytes, checksum: 1868b2664c93e434247162cfcf7a39f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-29 / Nenhuma / Esta dissertação de Mestrado buscou estudar o tema das manifestações de angústia e do sintoma infantil sob a ótica da psicanálise, através de um entendimento teórico da constituição psíquica do sujeito relacionado à trama familiar. Com base no referencial teórico freudiano e pós-freudiano, através das contribuições de Freud, Lacan, Zornig, Costa, entre outros, tentou-se compreender as manifestações de angústia na criança com relação às funções parentais. Com isso, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa qualitativa. A partir das sessões de psicoterapia de orientação psicanalítica e do Teste das Fábulas (Cunha & Nunes, 1993), realizou-se uma compreensão dinâmica de um estudo de caso clínico. Os resultados obtidos permitiram identificar que a angústia manifestada pelo paciente era derivada dos processos edípicos associados à trama familiar. Espera-se, com este trabalho, fornecer subsídios para o aprimoramento teórico conceitual das questões relativas às manifestações de angústia e do sintoma na infância, bem como para o trabalho clínico em psicoterapia de orientação psicanalítica. / This Master thesis aimed the study of anguish manifestations and childhood symptoms of childhood from the viewpoint of psychoanalysis, stressing the understanding of the subject´s psychic constitution in relation to the family structure. Based on theoretical Freudian and post-freudian, with the contributions of Freud, Lacan, Zornig, Costa, an attempt was made to understand the manifestations of anguish in children with respect to their parental functions. This way, a qualitative research was developed based in the clinical case of a child, using the clinical material obtained in the psychoanalytic psychotherapy sessions and in the Test of Fables (Cunha & Nunes, 1993). The results have identified that the anguish expressed by the patient was derived from oedipal processes associated with the family structure. It is expected through this work to improve the theoretical framework about the manifestations of anguish and symptoms in childhood, as well as the clinical practice of psychoanalytical psychotherapy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosemary Jimenez Ventura dos Santos.pdf: 655966 bytes, checksum: ba1e8f17ca2c934e2383fd2ec982eb76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work arose from the question Who is this subject that does not learn? And inspired by Lacan s researches about the logical time, it was organized and shared into three parts. The fisrt part, Instant look, deals with the questions related to learn and not learn. Beginning at the multiplicity of positions which involve this question we investigated the historical roots of the called learning problems and the contributions of the medicinal knowledge to the educational field demonstrated through diagnostics from DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for mental Disorders. It was necessary to consider the education inside our present society as well as to do researches about its history in order to understand who would be these children that do not learn. This research has the purpose to study through the Psychoanalysis, its concepts and propositions, this contemporary subject whose symptom appears into this specific form: not learning. In the second part, Time to Understand, we studied the subject and their constitution to the Freud s and Lacan s Psychoanalysis, focusing in the study of the symptom too. We began at showing its origin, the place it was and is granted into the medicine and psychoanalysis and its articulations to the subject s constitution. Finally, Moment to Conclude, when we discuss the subject s specificity who does not learn through the singularity of the symptom not learning , the sense and beyond the sense, we defend the idea that the psychoanalysis brings, in critical terms, one important criticism of the diagnostic practice exercised by the medicine and psychology about the learning problems and in propositional terms, we defend the importance and the relevance of considering the subject, who does not learn, beyond the strictly observable phenomenon and beyond a reeducation therapeutics practice, enabling them a heard / Este trabalho partiu da questão quem é esse sujeito que não aprende? e inspirado nas modulações propostas por Lacan sobre o tempo lógico, foi organizado em três partes. A primeira parte, Instante de Olhar, trata das questões relacionadas ao aprender e ao não aprender. Partindo da multiplicidade de posições que acercam essa questão, investigou-se as raízes históricas dos chamados problemas de aprendizagem e a presença do saber médico no âmbito educacional manifestada através de diagnósticos referendados a partir do DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for mental Disordes. Necessário se fez, considerar a educação no contexto da sociedade atual, bem como recorrer à história da educação para compreender quem seriam essas crianças que não aprendem. Trata-se nesta pesquisa de estudar por meio da Psicanálise, seus conceitos e proposições, esse sujeito da contemporaneidade cujo sintoma se manifesta nessa forma específica: não aprender. Na parte II, Tempo para Compreender, estudamos o sujeito e sua constituição para a Psicanálise de Freud e Lacan, nos debruçando também ao estudo do sintoma, iniciado pela caracterização de sua origem, o lugar que lhe foi e é outorgado na medicina e na psicanálise e suas articulações na constituição do sujeito. Finalmente, Momento de Concluir, ao discutirmos a especificidade do sujeito que não aprende, pela singularidade do sintoma não aprender , o sentido e o além do sentido, defendemos a ideia de que a Psicanálise fornece, em termos críticos, uma importante crítica da prática diagnóstica exercida pela medicina e psicologia quanto aos problemas de aprendizagem e em termos propositivos, defendemos a importância e a relevância de se tomar o sujeito que não aprende para além do fenômeno estritamente observável e para além de uma prática terapêutica reeducativa, possibilitando-lhe uma escuta

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-09T16:57:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Isaias Gonçalves Ferreira.pdf: 1859937 bytes, checksum: 2d65f4f751ec98859569002340f7fa0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-09T16:57:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isaias Gonçalves Ferreira.pdf: 1859937 bytes, checksum: 2d65f4f751ec98859569002340f7fa0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-08 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Currently, the approach which is called addiction, widely based on diagnostic manuals (DSM and CID), in the field of mental health, a reductionist diagnostic rationality: the Disorders related to substance use. This scenario of research generated a double foreclosure which has consequences in clinical practice. First, a foreclosure of body’s enjoyment: this remark reflects the diagnosis made by Lacan (1966/2001), in the understanding that the modern advances progressively from the scope of the body for a anatomopathological clinical study, which reflects a concept of it built around a machine model, constituting, so to say, an epysthemosomatical failure. However, according to Lacanian psychoanalysis, the body does not reduce itself to biologic, since in its ethics particularity refers to overflowing of enjoyment. Second, a foreclosure of the phármakon effect inherent to the drug. Thus, science has emptied the knowledge about the history and cultural weight of drugs. In this context, both the drug and the substance abuse arise as consequences of the science speech in copulation with the capitalist speech, which is supported by the neurobiological psychiatry. Can we ask, then, what novelties can psychoanalysis provide for the treatment of substance abuse? Would it be the double consideration that, on the one hand, there is a possible treatment for substance abuse through the singular clinic, and, on the other hand, that the subject can’t be reduced to a mere object of study? In that sense, the characterization of substance abuse as new form of naming the symptom that implying a particular plus-de-jouir in the age of science, which presents itself as one of the main and most profitable contributions of the Lacanian psychoanalysis to clinical study, extending beyond a symptomatological description / Atualmente a abordagem nomeada de dependência química, amplamente embasada nos manuais diagnósticos (DSM e CID), fundamenta dentro do campo da saúde mental uma racionalidade diagnóstica reducionista: os chamados Transtornos relacionados a substâncias. Este cenário de pesquisa produziu uma dupla foraclusão que tem consequências na prática clínica. Em primeiro lugar uma foraclusão do gozo do corpo: esse apontamento encontra ressonância no diagnóstico empreendido por Lacan (1966e/2001), no entendimento de que a medicina moderna avança progressivamente da construção de um olhar sobre o corpo para uma clínica anatomopatológica, que fomenta uma concepção do mesmo construída em torno de um modelo mecanicista, constituindo, por assim dizer, uma falha epistemo-somática. No entanto, para a psicanálise lacaniana o corpo não se reduz ao biológico, pois em sua particularidade ética se refere ao transbordamento do gozo. E, em segundo lugar, ocorre uma foraclusão do efeito phármakon inerente à droga. Desse modo, a ciência esvaziou o saber concernente à droga em sua bagagem histórica e cultural. Neste contexto, tanto a droga quanto a toxicomania surgem como efeitos do discurso da ciência em copulação com o discurso capitalista, dos quais a psiquiatria neurobiológica é solidária. Podemos, então, nos perguntar o que a psicanálise pode trazer de novo no tratamento da toxicomania? Seria a dupla consideração de que, por um lado, há um tratamento possível da toxicomania através da clínica do singular e, por outro, que o sujeito não pode ser reduzido a um mero objeto de estudo? Neste sentido, a localização da toxicomania como uma nova forma de nomeação do sintoma, que implica um mais-de-gozar particular na era da ciência, se apresenta como uma das principais e profícuas contribuições da psicanálise lacaniana à uma clínica para além da descrição sintomatológica

O corpo não é feito de, apenas, carne e osso. Por muito tempo condenado ao exílio, o corpo retorna à cena, não mais sob o enfoque estritamente biológico, sendo, pois, considerado como materialidade significante e discursiva. Tecido pela linguagem, o corpo passa a ser lido como texto, sujeito à interpretação. Com base nisso, nesta tese, (a)bordamos o corpo a partir de nossa inscrição no aporte teórico forjado por Pêcheux, a Análise do Discurso, e sua (im)possível relação com a Psicanálise freudo-lacaniana e com a Filosofia Trágica proposta por Nietzsche. Lançamos nosso olhar sobre o corpo doente das anoréxicas que, inscritas em blogs do gênero Pró-Ana, nos permitem visualizar o entrelaçamento entre corpo, sintoma e cultura. Ou melhor, o corpo que, ocupando lugar numa determinada sociedade – capitalista, em rede e do espetáculo – se mostra e é mostrado pela falha, pela falta, pelo equívoco, que acabam se desdobrando em resistência. Tendo como arquivo recortes discursivos oriundos do espaço virtual, tomamos o corpo como materialidade do sujeito e analisamos os processos de interpelação e de identificação pela ideologia, pelo inconsciente e também pela cultura. Mais do que descrever tais processos, buscamos interpretá-los, de modo a expor ao leitor a opacidade de enunciados que materializam formas de o sujeito ocupar lugar no tempo e no espaço a partir de sua inscrição em distintas formações discursivas, que (re)velam diferentes maneiras de conformação da subjetividade. De “Ana a santa” a “porca louca” ou “borboleta”, a anoréxica, na atualidade, faz ver a relação paradoxal e, portanto, contraditória que se estabelece quando de sua tomada de posição no que chamamos de não-lugar ou lugar de entremeio. Tendo presente o corpo que fal(t)a e (trans)borda, a partir dos desdobramentos entre o estatuto da discursividade e os registros imaginário, simbólico e real, propomos que o corpo seja compreendido como escritura, ou seja, como lugar de memória, como lugar de inscrição, lugar a partir do qual o sujeito resiste às formas de dominação, mesmo que por meio de um corpo feito de, apenas, “couro e osso”. / The body is not made only of flesh and bone. For a long time condemned to exile, the body returns to the scene, but no longer under a strictly biological approach, and is therefore considered as a significant and discursive materiality. Woven by language, the body starts being read as text, open to interpretation. Based on this, in this thesis, we approach the body from our inscription in the theoretical contribution forged by Pêcheux, Discourse Analysis, and its (im)possible relation with the Freudo-Lacanian Psychoanalysis and with the Tragic Philosophy proposed by Nietzsche. We launch our look at the sick body of the anorexic ones that, inscribed in Pro-Ana blogs, allow us to visualize the interlacing of body, symptom and culture. Or rather, the body that, occupying a place in a certain society - capitalist, in network and spectacle – shows and is shown by failure, by lack, by equivocation, that end up unfolding in resistance. Having as a file discursive cuts from the virtual space, we take the body as materiality of the subject and analyze the processes of interpellation and identification by ideology, by the unconscious and also by culture. Rather than describing such processes, we seek to interpret them in order to expose the reader to the opacity of statements that materialize forms of the subject occupying place in time and space from its inscription in different discursive formations that reveal different ways of subjectivity conformation. From “Ana the saint” to “crazy pig” or “butterfly”, the anorexic nowadays shows the paradoxical and therefore contradictory relation that is established when its position is set in what we call non-place or place of in-between. Bearing in mind the body that lacks and bursts, from the unfolding between the statute of discursiveness and the imaginary, symbolic and real registers, we propose that the body be understood as writing, that is, as a place of memory, as a place of inscription, a place from which the subject resists forms of domination, even if through a “bag of bones” body.

Bakgrund: Den vanligaste formen av depression är egentlig depression som kan delas in i tre undergrupper: mild, måttlig och svår. Var femte vuxen i Sverige får en depressionsdiagnos minst en gång under sin livstid. Inom några år kommer depression att vara det största folkhälsoproblemet enligt världshälsoorganisationen (WHO). I Sverige begås mer än 1000 självmord per år, där merparten sker på grund av depression. Antalet sjukskrivningar på grund av depression har ökat stadigt och år 2005 gick samhällskostnaderna för depression på 33 miljarder kr. De vanligaste behandlingarna vid depression är kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) och läkemedel, där selektiva serotoninåterupptagshämmare (SSRI) är förstahandspreparat. Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka om fysisk aktivitet är en adekvat behandlingsform vid mild till måttlig depression. Metod: Sökningar efter relevanta artiklar har gjorts i pubmed och swemed+. Sammanlagt valdes sju artiklar ut som var relevanta för arbetet. Resultat: I studie 1, som var en meta-analys, minskade deltagarnas poäng statistiskt signifikant på Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) med i genomsnitt 4,52 poäng och i genomsnitt 6,46 poäng på Beck Depression Inventory-skalan (BDI) hos de deltagare som hade fysisk aktivitet (FA) jämfört med kontroller. Minskningen på BDI var kliniskt betydelsefull, men inte på HAM-D-skalan. Studierna 2-4 baseras på en större studie, REGASSAstudien. Jämfört med de som fick standardbehandling (TAU) minskade deltagarna som hade FA sina MontgomeryÅsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)-poäng statistiskt signifikant med 2,99 poäng mer efter tre månader vilket är kliniskt betydelsefullt. Deltagarna som fick KBT via internet minskade statistiskt signifikant med 2,83 poäng mer än vad deltagarna i TAU-gruppen gjorde efter 3 månader vilket också är kliniskt betydelsefullt. I studie 5 var deltagarnas minskning av Patient Health Questionnare-9 (PHQ-9)-poäng statistiskt signifikanta i grupperna som fick beteendeaktivering (BA) och i den gruppen som fick utbildning om depression kombinerat med FA, jämfört med kontrollgrupp, efter tolv veckor. Minskningen i medelvärde för interventionsgrupperna på PHQ-9 var 5,6 till 8,24 poäng, vilket är kliniskt betydelsefullt. I studie 6 minskade deltagarnas PHQ-9-poäng statistiskt signifikant i både gruppen för FA och BA, 7,06 respektive 4,7 poäng. Minskningen av poäng i medelvärde i FAgruppen uppnådde kriteriet för att vara kliniskt betydelsefullt. Minskningen i BA-gruppen nådde nästan gränsen för att vara kliniskt betydelsefullt. Studie 7 undersökte relationen mellan FA och depression, samt den omvända relationen genom Mendelsk randomisering. I den studien påvisades ett skyddande samband mellan accelerometer baserad aktivitet och egentlig depression. Deltagarna i de flesta studier gick från måttlig depression till mild eller ingen alls där behandlingarna hade effekt. Diskussion: De granskade studierna har använt sig av olika skattningsskalor och de har haft olika typer av kontrollgrupper, vilket försvårar jämförelser av de olika studiernas resultat. De grupper som fått standardbehandling har fått olika behandling beroende på vilken läkare de har haft. Mer forskning behöver göras för att säkerställa resultaten och för att ta reda på vilken intensitet träningen ska vara. Det vore även intressant att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan befolkningens allt mer stillasittande livsstil och ökningen av psykisk ohälsa. Slutsats: De olika studiernas resultat visar att fysisk aktivitet har en positiv effekt på mild till måttlig depression. I kombination med utbildning om vad depression är uppnås en större effekt. / Background: The most common form of depression is major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD can be divided into three subgroups: mild, moderate and severe. Every fifth adult in Sweden is diagnosed with MDD at least once during their lifetime. Within a few years, depression will be the biggest public health problem according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In Sweden, more than 1000 suicides per year are committed, most of them due to depression. The number of sick leaves due to depression has increased steadily and the social costs for depression were in year 2005 SEK 33 billion. The most common treatments for depression are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and antidepressant drugs, where SSRI is the primary choice. Purpose: The aim of this work was to investigate whether or not physical activity is an adequate form of treatment for mild to moderate depression. Method: In total, seven scientific articles were selected from pubmed and swemed+. Results: In study 1, which was a meta-analysis, the scores on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Beck Depression Inventory-scale (BDI) for participants who had Physical Activity (PA) decreased statistically significantly by an average of 4.52 points and 6.46 points, respectively, compared to controls. The decrease in BDI was clinically significant, but the decrease on the HAM-D scale was not clinically significant. Studies 2-4 are all based on one major study, the REGASSA study. Compared to those who received treatment as usual (TAU), participants who had PA reduced their Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score statistically significantly by 2.99 points more after three months, which is clinically significant. Participants who received CBT via the internet decreased statistically significantly by 2.83 points more than the participants in the TAU group, which is also clinically significant. In study 5, the participants reductions of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores were statistically significant in the groups that received Behavioral Activation (BA) and in the group receiving some education about depression combined with PA, compared with a control group after twelve weeks. The decrease in mean value for the intervention groups on PHQ-9 was 5.6 to 8.24 points, which is clinically significant. In study 6, the participants in the intervention groups decreased their PHQ-9 scores statistically significantly with 4.7 (BA) and 7.06 (PA) points. The decreases in both groups are statistically significant compared to the control group. The decrease in the PA group is clinically significant and in the BA group the decrease is near clinical significance. Study 7 examined the relationship between PA and depression and the reverse relationship through Mendelian Randomization. In this study a protective connection was found between accelerometer-based activity and MDD. Participants in most studies went from moderate MDD to mild or no MDD, where the interventions were effective. Discussion: The studies evaluated have used different estimation scales and have used different types of control groups which has made it difficult to compare the results of the studies. The groups that received standard treatment have received different treatments depending on which physician they have had. More research needs to be done to confirm the results and to find out at what intensity the training should be performed. It would also be interesting to investigate whether or not there is a connection between the population´s increasingly sedentary lifestyle and the increase of mental illness. Conclusion: The results of the various studies show that PA has a positive effect on mild to moderate MDD. A greater effect is achieved when the patient also receives some education about MDD.

Introduktion: Beteendemässiga och psykiska symptom (BPSD) är vanligt förekommande hos personer med Alzheimers sjukdom. Det påverkar den enskilde, närstående och vårdgivare negativt. Läkemedelsbehandling ska inte ses som ett förstahandsalternativ utan fokus ska istället ligga på omvårdnadsinterventioner. Syftet var att beskriva omvårdnadsinterventioner som kan lindra beteendemässiga och psykiska symptom hos personer med Alzheimers sjukdom. Metoden var litteraturstudie där tio artiklar inkluderades efter kritisk granskning. Artiklarnas innehåll analyserades och sex kategorier med omvårdnadsinterventioner bildades: musikterapi, fysisk aktivitet, ljusterapi, kognitiv rehabilitering, terapeutiska samtal samt djurterapi. Resultatet visade att det fanns omvårdnadsinterventioner som påverkade BPSD för stunden men inget som varade över tid. Slutsats: Studien visar att det finns begränsat med forskning där omvårdnadsinterventioner ger god effekt på BPSD hos personer med Alzheimers sjukdom. / Introduction: Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) are common in people with Alzheimer’s disease. This affects the individual, family members and caregivers adversely. Drug treatment should not be seen as a first choice, but the focus should instead be on nursing interventions. The aim was to describe nursing interventions that can alleviate behavioral and psychological symptoms in people with Alzheimer's disease. The method was a literature review in which ten articles after critical review were included. The contents of the articles were analyzed and six categories of nursing interventions were formed: music therapy, physical activity, light therapy, cognitive rehabilitation, therapeutic conversation and animal assisted activity. The results showed that there were nursing interventions that affected BPSD for the moment but nothing that lasted over time. Conclusion: The study shows that there is limited research in which nursing interventions gives good effect on BPSD in people with Alzheimer's disease.

Svår sepsis är ett allvarligt tillstånd med ett snabbt förlopp. Patientens tillstånd kräver tidig identi-fiering och behandling vilket minskar lidandet, morbiditeten och mortaliteten. Många patienter upptäcks och behandlas för sent både prehospitalt och hospitalt. Svår sepsis och septisk chock orsakar många dödsfall världen över, en av fyra avlider. I Sverige insjuknar cirka 19000 individer årligen. Patienten kan ha ett eller flera symtom som är allmänna och kan tolkas vara orsakade av andra sjukdomstillstånd. Symtomen på sepsis är feber, frossa, pettekier, hög eller låg andnings-frekvens, illamående, kräkningar, diarréer, svår smärta oftast i buken, muskelsvaghet och med-vetandepåverkan. Symtomen kommer ofta plötsligt men kan gå i regress för att bara något eller några dygn senare återkomma. Att tidigt kunna identifiera och behandla sjukdomstillståndet krä¬ver rätt kompetens av vårdaren och uppmärksamhet i vårdmötet. Som vårdare gäller det även att kunna ställa de rätta frågorna om insjuknande, tidigare sjukdomshistoria som infektioner och om en eventuell utlandsvistelse. Genom den här studien avser vi att förmedla kunskap om ambulanspersonalens bedömning av patienter med svår sepsis. Metoden som använts var kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer. Resultatet visade att utbildning är av stor vikt för att ambulanspersonalen tidigt ska kunna identifiera pati¬enter med sepsis. Feedback från mottagande enhet om den bedömning och behandling som gjorts prehospitalt har varit korrekt visade sig vara av betydelse för framtida korrekta bedömningar. / Program: Specialistsjuksköterskeutbildning med inriktning mot ambulanssjukvård