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This thesis argues that generic communication practice plays an important role in preparing engineering students for the workplace. Engineering courses, being contextually-bound, cannot prepare students in the same way as generic courses, which can be more flexible in being able to bring workplace practices, documents and artefacts into the academic domain. Therefore the thesis promotes the view that the communication course can provide a basic structure in terms of genre training and technical language from which the students may access further knowledge from the workplace. In an engineering faculty, the communication course facilitates the student’s interactions in classroom discourse. The course also plays a vital role in the student’s transition from academic discourse to the professional discourse of the workplace. This research views this transition from a social perspective, placing the student within the context of the engineering faculty’s discourse community, and, subsequently, sees the student-trainee in the workplace as part of a community of practice. The study concentrates on the contradictions between these two contexts in order to investigate how the communication course impacts on the progress of the student’s discourse practices between classroom and workplace. The observable features of discourse which the investigation focuses on are genre rules, the use of technical language, and the student-trainee’s interaction with colleagues, supervisors, and artifacts of the workplace. The study uses discourse theory with an academic literacy underpinning to establish a framework for the student’s interactions with academic language. These interactions are explored by means of 100 questionnaires administered to first-intake engineering students at Durban University of Technology. The findings reveal that, while students say they do not always understand what is expected of them in terms of using genres to produce documents assigned by the communication course, they appear to be capable of using genre rules when applied to group tasks. Furthermore, students do not seem to regard technical language in its wider context, as a feature of classroom discourse practices. Instead they see it narrowly, as a necessary but isolated skill to be learnt for workplace discourse practices. The research considers the impact of these perceptions and practices on the findings and analysis of workplace practices. The investigation into workplace discourse practices is guided by activity theory which sees a document’s genre rules in a mediating function, and community of practice theory, which places the student-trainee’s interactions within the construct, situated learning. The study used the participant-observer technique to explore workplace discourse in eight engineering companies in Durban and surrounding areas. The observations were complemented by follow-up questions in interviews with thirty six student-trainees in these companies. The findings have shown that, even though students said they had difficulties with technical language in the classroom, they were able to apply it adequately within the context of the workplace. Furthermore, genre rules needed to be adapted to suit workplace practices, therefore the rules of document design in classroom practices should focus on flexibility as well as structure. The findings also suggest that the communication course should see the classroom and the workplace as two activity systems which complement each other, and the communication course should be placed in close proximity to the student’s entrance to the workplace. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

Darbo tikslas: Lietuvių kalba išleistos ezoterinės literatūros apžvalga, išryškinant naudojamos ezoterinės terminologijos netikslumus, atskleidžiant kritišką požiūrį į terminologijos laisvą interpretaciją ir nusakant naudojamos tikslios terminologijos poveikį sėkmingai pastoracijai. Tikslui pasiekti buvo išsikelti tokie uždaviniai: - Apibrėžti religijotyrinius „magijos“, „ezoterikos“ ir „okultizmo“ terminus. - Pristatyti kaip vartojami ezoterikos terminai katalikiškoje pastoracijoje bei paaiškinti daromas klaidas. - Atskleisti terminų apsibrėžimo sau ir pastoracijos subjektui svarbą. - Nurodyti pavojus, kylančius dėl netikslios ezoterikos terminų vartosenos pastoracijoje. - Pateikti patarimus pastoracijos darbuotojams. Uždaviniams įgyvendinti ir tikslui pasiekti naudoti lyginamosios analizės ir sintezės metodai. Darbe apibrėžti „okultizmo“, „ezoterikos“ ir „magijos“ terminai: okultizmas yra sinkretinė XIX a. pr. - XX a. pr. maginės filosofijos kryptis, apjungianti to meto ezoterines praktikas, tokias kaip spiritizmas ir magija; ezoteriką galima apibrėžti kaip religinę filosofinę sistemą, kurios pagrindą sudaro maginiai ar parapsichologiniai ritualai ir metodai, padedantys kontaktuoti su anapusybe. Ezoterikos terminas pakankamai platus, nes savyje talpina visą paranormalybę, pradedant okultizmu ir spiritizmu, ir baigiant ekstrasensorika bei magija. Ezoterikoje ypatingą reikšmę turi iniciacija. Ezoterika tai bendras terminas, naudojamas visai maginei ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The goal of this thesis: in accordance to the review of the esoteric literature in Lithuanian, to highlight the uncertainties of the esoteric terminology, to reveal a critical attitude to the free interpretation of the esoteric terminology and to describe the effects of the precise esoteric terminology to the success of pastoral work. To achieve the goal such tasks were raised: - To define the terms of magic, esoteric and occultism. - To introduce how the esoteric terms are used in the Catholic pastoral work as well as to explain the most common mistakes. - To reveal the importance of the precise terminology for the pastoral subject. - Indicate the risk arising from incorrect usage of esoteric terms in pastoral work. - To provide guidance for pastoral workers. In order to implement tasks and achieve thesis goal were used methods of comparative analysis and synthesis. While working the terms of occultism, esoteric and magic were defined. Occultism is the study of esoteric practices, including (but not limited to) magic and spiritualism; it is the syncretic type of magic philosophy common from the 19th to 20th century. Esotericism can be defined as a religious philosophical system, which is based on magic or parapsychology rituals and methods to come into contact with the Otherworld. The term of esoteric is very wide – a huge range of examples of esoteric movements and philosophies such, as occult, spiritism, extrasensory and magic, etc. are included. Magic can be defined... [to full text]

Der Umgang mit der musikalischen Fachsprache wird in den meisten Lehrplänen für den Musikunterricht der Sekundarstufe I gefordert. Allerdings fehlt nicht nur in den Lehrplänen, sondern auch in der musikdidaktischen Literatur eine inhaltliche Ausgestaltung dieser Forderung. Über Inhalt, Umfang und Ziel der in der Schule anzuwendenden musikalischen Fachsprache herrscht daher keine Klarheit. Empirische Untersuchungen zu den sprachlichen Inhalten im Musikunterricht liegen ebenfalls nicht vor. Auch in vielen anderen Unterrichtsfächern ist die Forschungslage die sprachlichen Inhalte betreffend überschaubar. Mit der Verwendung von Sprache sind jedoch nicht nur Kommunikationsprozesse verbunden, sondern gleichzeitig Lernprozesse innerhalb der Sprache, von der Wortschatzerweiterung bis zur Herstellung von inhaltlich-thematischen Zusammenhängen. Diese Lernprozesse werden beeinflusst von der Wortwahl der Lernenden und Lehrenden. Die Wortwahl der Lernenden lässt gleichzeitig einen Schluss zu auf den Stand des Wissens und dessen Vernetzung. Auf dieser Basis ist der sprachliche Inhalt des Musikunterrichtes der Gegenstand der vorgelegten Arbeit. Ziel der Studie war herauszu¬finden, inwieweit es gelingen kann, durch die Art und Weise des Einsatzes und den Umfang von Fachsprache im Musikunterricht Lernprozesse effektiver und erfolgreicher zu gestalten und besser an Gegenwarts- und Zukunftsbedürfnissen der Lernenden auszurichten. / Dealing with the musical technical terminology is required in most curricula for the teaching of music in the secondary school level. However, lacking in the curriculum and in the music didactic literature a substantive aspect of this requirement. About the content, scope and purpose of the applicable school musical technical terminology, there is no clarity. Empirical studies on the linguistic content in music lessons are also not available. In many other subjects, the research situation, the linguistic content is rare. With the use of language are connected communication processes and learning processes within the language of the vocabulary extension to the production of content and thematic connections. These learning processes are influenced by the choice of words the students and teachers. The wording of the learners can be at the same time a conclusion as to the state of knowledge and its networking. On this basis, the linguistic content of the music teaching is the subject of this study. The aim of the study was to find out discover what extent it possible to make by way of the use and scope of the technical language in music teaching learning process more effective and more successful and better align to current and future needs of the learner.

Material addicional: http://hdl.handle.net/10230/6323 / Aquesta tesi doctoral té com a objectiu principal establir les bases per a un sistema de detecció semiautomàtica de relacions conceptuals a partir de textos especialitzats. Per arribar a aquest objectiu, la tesi presenta una definició de relació conceptual en el marc d'un enfocament comunicatiu de la terminologia i, a partir d'aquesta definició, l'autora detecta i aplica diversos marcadors lingüístics verbals per aïllar fragments textuals que continguin unitats de coneixement especialitzat, vehiculades mitjançant termes i relacions conceptuals. D'aquesta manera es pretén recuperar fragments de coneixement especialitzat a partir dels nusos de coneixement i de les seves relacions en textos de l'àmbit del genoma humà.Una de les aportacions principals d'aquesta tesi és l'aplicació d'una tipologia de relacions conceptuals validada empíricament a partir de textos especialitzats a la creació i alimentació d'una ontologia sobre el genoma humà. I orientat a complir l'objectiu general d'aquest treball, la detecció semiautomàtica de relacions conceptuals, l'autora proposa estratègies sintàctiques i semàntiques que permetin refinar al màxim aquests elements clau en l'organització de la informació especialitzada, combinant aquestes estratègies amb un detector i un extractor de terminologia. / The main goal of this Ph. dissertation is to establish the ground basis for a semiautomatic conceptual relations detector on the basis of specialised texts. In order to attain this goal, the Ph. dissertation includes a new definition of conceptual relations in a communicative approach to terminology. From this definition, the author detects and applies different linguistic verbal markers to isolate textual fragments containing specialised knowledge units expressed by terms and conceptual relations. The aim is to retrieve specialised knowledge fragments from knowledge nodes and the relations they establish among them in the human genome domain.One of the main contributions of this work is the application of a typology of conceptual relations empirically validated on the basis of specialised texts on the construction and updating of an ontology about the human genome domain. As for the general goal, the semiautomatic detection of conceptual relations, the author proposes syntactic and semantic strategies for the maximum refinement of the detection of these key elements in the specialised information organisation, together with the use of a term detector and extractor.Podeu consultar material addicional a http://repositori.upf.edu/handle/10230/6323

Esta tesis estudia la especificidad de los significados léxicos especializados, a partir del análisis del funcionamiento de nombres relacionales; ofrece una explicación integrada de la semántica especializada y no especializada y una modelización de entrada léxica unificada. Conjuga así, el modelo comunicativo de la terminología con modelos polisémicos de generación del significado léxico.El trabajo presenta una revisión crítica de las propuestas lingüísticas y terminológicas acerca de las propiedades semánticas del léxico científico. Luego, analiza las propiedades del significado léxico especializado, los factores y los mecanismos de generación semántica, a partir del análisis contrastivo del comportamiento de madre en corpora textuales. La tesis proporciona, a su vez, criterios de reconocimiento formal de información semántica especializada, útiles para desarrollar diversos tipos de aplicaciones. Finalmente, propone una generalización de la semántica especializada de los nombres relacionales y una representación de entrada dinámica, que contempla componentes de conocimiento lingüístico y extralingüístico que interactúan en la generación del significado léxico. / This dissertation studies the specificity of specialized lexical meanings, based on an analysis of the behaviour of relational nouns; it offers an integral explanation of specialized and non-specialized semantics and a modellization of a unified lexical entry. Thus, it combines the communicative model of terminology with polysemic models of generation of lexical meaning.This work starts by presenting a critical review of linguistic and terminological approaches to the semantic properties of scientific lexicon. Then it procedes to analize the properties of specialized lexical meaning, the factors that influence semantic generation and its mechanism, based on the behaviour of madre in text corpora. It also provides criteria for the formal recognition of specialized semantic information which can help develop different kinds of applications. Finally, the dissertation puts forward a generalization of the specialized semantics of relational nouns and a representation of a dynamic entry, which contemplates components of linguistic and extralinguistic knowledge interacting in the generation of lexical meaning.

El objetivo de esta tesis es, por una parte, el análisis lingüístico y estadístico de las siglas en el discurso espacializado de los ámbitos de genoma humano y medo ambiente. Por otra parte, el establecimiento de los patrones para el desarrollo de sistemas de reconocimiento semiautomático de siglas tendientes a la creación o mejoramiento de los diccionarios de siglas en línea. Esta investigación se divide en cuatro partes principales, a saber: 1) Definición y tipología de las siglas; 2) análisis estadístico o siglométrico; 3) análisis lingüístico y 4) patrones para la identificación de siglas en corpus. / The aim of this thesis is, on the one hand, the linguistic and statistical analysis of the initialisms in the specialized discourse of the domains of Genomics and Environment. On the other hand, the establishment of patterns to develop semiautomatic recognition systems to facilitate the building or update of online abbreviation dictionaries. This research is divided into four main parts: 1) Initialisms definition and typology; 2) Corpus quantitative analysis; 3) Corpus qualitative analysis, and 4) Initialisms recognition patterns.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.Sc.). / Written for the School of Physical and Occupational Therapy. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/07/29). Includes bibliographical references.

Zugleich: Diss. Halle-Wittenberg, 2007. / Literaturverz.