Investments in power systems are characterized by large investment costs and uncertainties doto extended time frame. New consumption patterns in the electricity grid, as well as an aginggrid calls for modernization, new solutions and new investments. Components in the electricalsystem is characterized by most of their costs that are caused after their acquisition. One stateof the art method in analyzing investments over long time frames and provide long-term costestimation is life cycle costing (LCC). In LCC a "cradle to grave"-approach is performed whichenables comparative cost assessment to be made. This thesis reviews the existing literature inprobabilistic life cycle costing and gives a step by step methodology for DSOs to systematicallyaddress uncertainty in cost and technical parameters.This thesis proposes a Monte Carlo sampling method in combination with a Markov Chainfailure model to model failures is providing a comprehensive method of reaching nancial benetwhen comparing dierent investment decisions. The model evaluates nancial implications andtechnical properties to demonstrate the total cost of components. This thesis analyses a casefor Swedish distribution system operators and their investment in transformers. The proposedmodel includes an all-covering model of costs and incentives. The main conclusion is that probabilisticlife cycle costing benets investment decisions and the applied method shows promisingresults in addressing uncertainty and investment risks. The developed PLCC model is used onan investment decision where two transformers are compared. Results shows that PLCC is apowerful tool and could be used in power system applications. / Investeringar i kraftsystem kännetecknas av höga investeringskostnader och osäkerheter på grundav komponenternas långa livslängd. Nya konsumtionsönster och ett föråldrat elsystem efterfrågar mordenisering, nya lösningar och nya investeringar. Komponenter i elnätet karakteriserasav att den största delen av kostnader orsakas efter de förvärvats. En framstående metod för attanalysera investeringar som löper över långa tidsspann och som kan ge en kostnadsestimeringär livscykelkostnadsanalys. Inom livscykelkostnadsanalys tillämpas ett från vaggan till graventillvägagångssätt vilket möjliggör jämförelser av kostnader. Denna uppsats granskar existerandeforskning inom probabilistisk livscykelanalys och ger en steg-för-steg-metodik för att en distributionsnätsoperatör systematiskt skall kunna adressera osäkerheter relaterade till kostnader samttekniska parametrar.Denna uppsatsen föreslår en Monte Carlo-metod i kombination av en Markovkedja, för attmed en heltäckande metod nå finansiell jämförbarhet mellan olika investeringsbeslut. Denna uppsatsenanalyserar ett fall för en svensk distributionsnätsoperatör och dess investering i transformatorer.Den föreslagna modellen inkluderar en heltäckande modell för kostnader och incitamet.Huvudresultatet från den föreslagna metoden är att probabilistisk livscykelkostnadsanalys samtde använda metoderna visar lovande resultat för att adressera osäkerheter och risker vid investeringsbeslut.

Проблема оценки эффективности проектов в энергетике чрезвычайно актуальна, поскольку подобные проекты представляют собой сложные планы, масштаб которых может охватывать не только отдельные предприятия, но и города, а также целые регионы. Несмотря на закрепление в законодательстве базовых понятий и процедур оценки эффективности, отдельные методические аспекты оценки эффективности проектов продолжают оставаться в ведении энергокомпаний. Однако в российской практике у большинства энергетических предприятий недостаточно опыта в области управления эффективностью с учетом сложных условий внешней среды. Следовательно, актуальной задачей является разработка методической базы оценки эффективности энергетических проектов, учитывающей существующие особенности рынка, которая позволит принимать эффективные решения о реализации энергетических проектов. Цель работы - разработка методического подхода к оценке эффективности энергетических проектов. Практическая значимость исследования состоит в том, что результаты, полученные в ходе работы, могут быть использованы энергетическими компаниями для оценки эффективности отраслевых инвестиционных проектов. / The problem of evaluating the effectiveness of energy projects is extremely relevant, since such projects are complex plans, the volume of which can cover not only individual enterprises, but also cities, as well as entire regions. Despite the fact that the basic concepts and procedures for evaluating efficiency are enshrined in the legislation, certain methodological aspects of evaluating the projects effectiveness remain the responsibility of energy companies. However, in Russian practice, most energy companies do not have enough experience in the field of efficiency management, taking into account difficult environmental conditions. Therefore, an urgent task is to develop a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of energy projects, taking into account the existing market features, which will make it possible to make effective decisions on the implementation of energy projects. The purpose of this work is to develop a methodological approach to evaluating the effectiveness of energy projects. The practical significance of the study is that the results obtained in the course of work can be used by energy companies to assess the sectorial effectiveness of investment projects.

Bakgrund: Investeringar i namnrättigheter för en arena eller idrottsanläggning kan definieras som en transaktion där pengar byter ägare för att säkra rätten att namnge en idrottsanläggning. Denna typ av investering har under de senaste decennierna ökat dramatiskt. Trots den fortsatta ökningen finns det begränsad forskning om vilka motiv som finns bakom investeringarna och vilka effekter företagen upplever av genomförda namnrättsinvesteringar. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och kartlägga hur svenska företag motiverar och resonerar kring namnrättsinvesteringar samt vilka effekter företag upplever av dessa investeringar. Metod: Uppsatsen har med hjälp av en intervjustudie samlat in det empiriska materialet med personer som varit strategiskt och operativt inblandade i namnrättsinvesteringar och dess investeringsprocess. Tio svenska företag medverkade i studien. Slutsats: Studiens slutsats är att investeringar i namnrättigheter har en rad olika motiv. Bland annat ökad exponering, stärkt varumärkesbyggande, förbättrad kompetensförsörjning och att vara en god kraft i samhället. De upplevda effekterna är bland annat ökad varumärkesmedvetenhet, varumärkesspridning, lägre personalomsättning, stolta medarbetare och lokala effekter. Motiv, uppföljning och upplevda effekter kan kategoriseras utifrån tre olika perspektiv. Dessa är ekonomiska, mänskliga samt samhälleliga. Med hjälp av intressentteorin har denna studie också dragit slutsatsen att det finns olika logiker och att de tre stegen kopplade till motiv, uppföljning och utvärdering samt upplevda effekter drivs av intressenternas krav och behov. Mängden intressenter som berörs av investeringen ses därför också som ett tydligt motiv till investeringen i namnrättigheter. / Background: Investments in naming rights for an arena or stadium can be defined as a transaction where currencies change hands to secure the right to name a sports facility. These investments have increased exponentially in the recent decades. Despite the continued investment of naming rights, there is limited research on the motives behind the investments, and what perceived effects are identified from completed naming rights investments. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate and map how naming rights investments are motivated by Swedish companies and what perceived effects can be identified from these investments. Method: This study has with the help of an interview-study collected the empirical data with people which have been strategic and operative involved in naming rights investments and their investment processes. Ten Swedish companies participated in the study. Conclusion: The study's conclusions and results point at various types of motives regarding the naming right investments, such as increased exposure och results, strengthened branding, improved supply of skilled labor force and being a good force in society amongst others. The perceived effects include brand awareness, brand spread, lower staff turnover, proud employees and local effects. All motives can be categorized into three main topics which are Economic, People and society and the local community. With the help of the stakeholder theory, this study has been able to describe that there are different logics and that the three steps linked to motive, follow-up and evaluation as well as perceived effects are driven by stakeholders who have their demands and needs. The number of stakeholders affected by the investment are therefore also a clear motive for investing in naming rights.

In the context of the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement, the European Union has devised a sustainable finance strategy that relies on the engagement of both institutional and private investors in responsible investing to deliver on those goals. Several studies have found high interest in responsible investing among retail investors, but a relatively low engagement therein. Research up to this point on the responsible investing experience of retails investors has not established a clear cause for the gap between interest and engagement and has particularly neglected the increasingly popular investment type of exchange-traded funds (ETFs). This thesis therefore aims to shed light on the obstacles that prevent retail investors from investing in responsible ETFs. The research is organized by a five-stage framework for the responsible ETF investing process that identifies potential obstacles in the first three process stages problem recognition, information search, and evaluation of alternatives. An empirical analysis was performed by means of an online survey of European retail ETF investors and non-ETF investors (n = 101). The results indicate that the majority of retail investors experience a gap between their interest and engagement in responsible ETF investing. The most difficult stage of the responsible ETF investing process appears to be the evaluation of alternatives. Incomparability of information on responsible ETFs and a lack of labels and standardization present obstacles that impair investors’ ability to evaluate different options for responsible ETFs. The incomparability of information can be ascribed to the divergence of environmental, social and governance (ESG) ratings. The survey further found a high support among ETF investors for the planned standardizations and regulations by the EU and increased willingness to invest in responsible ETFs if these measures are implemented. These findings emphasize the role of regulations in facilitating responsible investing and pave the way for more comprehensive studies on the information needs and obstacles of European retail ETF investors. / Inom ramen för målen för hållbar utveckling och Parisavtalet har Europeiska unionen utformat en hållbar finansstrategi som bygger på att både institutionella och privata investerare engagerar sig i ansvarsfulla investeringar för att uppnå dessa mål. Flera studier har visat stort intresse för att göra ansvarsfulla investeringar bland privatinvesterare, men ett relativt lågt engagemang däri. Forskning som är aktuell om privatinvesterare erfarenheter har inte visat någon tydlig orsak till klyftan mellan intresse och engagemang och har särskilt försummat den alltmer populära investeringstypen av börshandlade fonder (ETF). Avhandlingen syftar därför till att belysa de hinder som hindrar privatinvesterare från att investera i ansvarsfulla ETF:er. Forskningen är organiserad av ett femstegsramverk för den ansvarsfulla ETF-investeringsprocessen som identifierar potentiella hinder i de tre första processtegen för problemigenkänning, informationssökning och utvärdering av alternativ. En empirisk analys utfördes med hjälp av en online-undersökning av europeiska ETF-investerare och icke-ETFinvesterare (n = 101). Resultaten visar att majoriteten av privatinvesterare upplever ett gap mellan deras intresse och engagemang för ansvarsfull ETF-investering. Det svåraste steget i den ansvariga ETF-investeringsprocessen verkar vara utvärderingen av alternativ. Ojämförbarheten mellan information om ansvarsfulla ETF:er och brist på klassificering och standardisering utgör betydande hinder som försämrar investerarnas förmåga att utvärdera olika alternativ för ansvariga ETF:er. Informationens ojämförbarhet kan tillskrivas skillnaderna mellan miljömässiga, sociala och styresmässiga (ESG) betyg. Undersökningen fann vidare ett stort stöd bland ETF-investerare för EU:s planerade standardiseringar och regler och ökad vilja att investera i ansvarsfulla ETF om dessa åtgärder genomförs. Dessa resultat  betonar regelverkets roll för att underlätta ansvarsfulla investeringar och banar väg för mer omfattande studier om informationsbehov och hinder för europeiska ETF-privatinvesterare.

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The purpose of this project is to describe and explain the foreign investment decision process in the uncertain and turbulent environment of transition economy. By getting an in-depth understanding of how decision-making works in the environment of transition economy, the study intends to contribute to the development of business administration theory in the area of foreign investment decision-making, particularly its application in the turbulent and uncertain world. Theoretical ‘blocks’, elaborated on the basis of literature study, include the following concepts: the framework of transition economy; initial motivation (or reasons) of companies to make foreign direct investments (FDI); investigation of the investment climate and information collection methods; project evaluation and investment decision criteria; risk assessment factors and risk reduction measures. Transition economy is defined in the study as ‘a non-planned, non-market economy’ where the new emerging market institutions coexist with the bureaucracy and hierarchy inherited from the old administrative system. Investment projects, therefore, should probably be seen as being under institutional influence from both the local (i.e. transition economy) and the Western investor’s home country environments. The empirical data presented in the paper also shows that it is necessary to establish the relevant economic, legal, political and social institutions in order to attract FDI. The study further includes the analysis of the main components and features of transition economies and their influence on FDI decision-making. One of the results of the study is that FDI decision-making in transition economies is largely consistent with different theoretical approaches suggested in the literature. On the other hand, the empirical support obtained for different theoretical approaches is often questionable and opened to alternative interpretations. The presented project suggests that theoretical perspectives do not preclude each other, but rather have a complimentary character. The study attempts to contribute to the mainstream FDI theories through a firm-level approach based on the case studies. Two in-depth case studies are presented in the paper: Ericsson’s direct investments in Russia and Vattenfall’s investments in the Baltic countries. A formal questionnaire based on the parameters of theoretical ‘blocks’ was created and 25 top executives from Ericsson and Vattenfall who participated in FDI decision-making were surveyed. The empirical investigation took place during the period 1997 - 1998 with partial updating of the cases during the year 2000.  The study shows that where companies confront stable environments, investment decision routines and procedures will be less necessary and important than where market uncertainty is high. The strong appreciation of the local business partners for properly done investment calculations increases the importance of capital budgeting in transition economies more than in developed market economies. Besides, traditional investment appraisal methods provide managers with an ‘objective’ or ‘materialistic’ feedback for the decision-making in the rapidly changing uncertain environment. On the other hand, the study emphasises the importance of strategy over financial techniques and argues that FDI decisions in transition economies should be based on methods consistent with the company’s long-term objectives. In case of permanent changes, new approaches as well as better co-ordination of traditional techniques with strategic, political, historical, geographical and cultural issues are required. Ericsson’ s direct investments in Russia are presented in the paper in connection with other factors: the company’s historical involvement in Russia, marketing strategy, human resource development, privatisation and restructuring of the telecommunication sector in Russia, etc. Nordic Electric Power Co-operation (Nordel), the EU’ s decision in 1996 to create an internal electricity market in Europe, Baltic ring study, future plans to privatise the energy companies in the Baltic countries, etc., are the framework to present the second case. An application of project evaluation and risk assessment techniques for broader and more complicated environments shows that investment decision-making is probably as much, if not more, a social, political and cultural technology as an economic one. The study argues then that the rational choice decision-making model often co-exists with alternative models elaborated in social science - limited rationality, political and garbage can. According to the empirical data, the investment decisions are largely based on intuition, business experience and judgement, personal contacts with representatives from the local country, and these investment criteria are inevitable and acceptable in a situation of total chaos and permanent change. The right chosen partner, for example, is one of the major criteria for the success of the investment project in a transition economy. One of the outcomes of this study is that the revitalised form of investment decision-making will differ rather markedly from much of what has gone before: less emphasis on the quantitative aspects of capital budgeting, more on the qualitative aspects of companies and investment environment. The project also argues that determinants, approaches and criteria of investment activity in transition economies are largely consistent with patterns observed in other parts of the world. A few specific environmental conditions of transition economies, however, are shown in the study to affect the pattern of FDI decision-making. The level of turbulence is still different compared to the developed market economies due to uncertainties and unpredictibilities associated with environment of transition economies. Other major differences are the large power distance with authoritarian leadership, strong hierarchy and bureaucracy as well as the vital role of personal contacts in transition economies. It is not clear, however, if these features of transition economies should be seen as inherited from the past communist system or as an alternative way to organise the economic actors through networks, a way that is natural and appropriate for the majority of Asian societies.

The share of corporate saving in total saving in South Africa has increased during the past four decades. In this dissertation various economic theories are examined in order to try to explain this change and to determine the possible implications of this change. The conclusion is that the relationship between the investment decision of companies and their savings decision is governed by the determinants of the financing choice of firms. These include cost, risk, control and availability. If, because of these factors, firms prefer to finance investment with retained earnings, there is a relationship between investment and the level of corporate saving. The degree to which the investment decision is dependent on the availability of internal financing will determine the importance of the level of corporate saving in a country. / Oor die afgelope vier dekades het die aandeel van maatskapybesparing in die totale besparing in Suid-Afika toegeneem. In hiersie vehandeling word veskillende ekonomiese teoriee ondersoek ten einde hierdie verandering te probeer veklaar en te probeer vasstel wat die implikasies van hierdie veandering is. Die gevolgtrekking waartoe gekom word, is dat die verband tussen die investeringsbeleid en die maatskappye se besparingsbesluit bepaal word deur faktore wat die finansieringskeuse van die firmas beinvloed, naamlik koste, risiko, beheer en beskikbaarheid. Indien hierdie faktore daartoe lei dat die maatskapye verkies om investering met terruggehoue bespaaring the finansier, is daar 'n verband tussen investering en die vlak van maatskappybesparing. Die mate waarin die investeringsbesluit afhanklik is van die beskikbaarheid van interne finansiering, sal bepaal hoe belangrik die vlak van maatskappybesparing in 'n land is. / Economics and Management Sciences / M.Com.

本研究所稱建商包括「建設公司」以及有從事建設業之「資產股公司」。建設公司在一般人的認知裡是高獲利的產業，但其營運狀況易受到房地產景氣波動的影響，發生財務危機的比例較其他產業高；而資產股公司投入建設業被認為是挹注獲利拉高股價的題材，因此本研究探討1996-2007年建設公司利潤力績效與房地產景氣的關聯性，獲利較同業佳的建設公司類型、投資決策之差異為何，以及資產股公司從事建設業獲利與房地產景氣之關聯，使建商能根據所發佈之房地產景氣指標在投資決策上做適當之調整，也提供投資人投資建商之參考。研究結果如下： 一、前期房地產景氣越好，建設公司利潤力績效越佳，總銷與購地總額越高。 二、市場佔有率高、建設營收比＞90％的建設公司利潤力績效較佳。借殼上市、曾發生財務危機、上市公司相較於上櫃興櫃公司利潤力績效較差。產品純住宅較產品包含辦公室、廠辦的公司獲利差，但並不明顯。此外，推案區位並非影響建設公司獲利之因素。 三、獲利較佳的建設公司較能夠敏銳掌握房地產景氣趨勢推案，並在景氣較差時敢於持續購地，景氣好時也積極購地。 四、資產股公司多數個案選擇在房地產景氣燈號綠燈時推出，銷售情形佳，貢獻獲利良好。大型商業開發案開發、獲利情形與房地產景氣的關係可能不如一般建案密切。近期開發案除了住宅建案，還有辦公、商場、商務住宅等商業不動產，長期租金收益的開發概念增加，較早期開發多元化。 / The real estate developers in this study included “construction companies” and the “property stock companies” which operate construction businesses. Construction companies are commonly known as a high-return industry by the general public, but their operations are easily affected by real estate cycle and their chances of financial crisis are higher than other industries. It is considered a sure bet for pushing up the share prices when property stock companies participated in the construction industry. This study analyzed the relationship between the profit performances of construction companies and the real estate cycle, the types of relatively high profitability construction companies in the industry, the differences in investment strategies and the relationship between property stock companies’ gain of profits from construction business and the real estate cycle in 1996-2007. This is to enable real estate developers to make appropriate strategic adjustment on their investment according to the announced real estate cycle indicators, and to serve as a reference for the investors on investing in construction companies. The results of the study are as follows: 1.The better the real estate cycle in the previous year, the better the profit performance of construction companies, with higher total sales and total land-purchase amount. 2.The construction companies with higher market share and construction-revenue ratios higher than 90% have better profit performances. The profit performances of backdoor listed companies, companies with previous financial crisis and TSE listed companies are not as good as OTC and emerging-market listed companies. Companies providing purely residential products have poorer profit performances than those providing offices and factory space alongside with residential products, but the difference is insignificant. Apart from that, project location does not affect the profitability of the construction companies. 3.Construction companies with better profits can get hold of the real estate cycle in a relatively fast way. They also can continue to buy land when the real estate cycle is depressing and to actively buy land when the real estate cycle is good. 4.Most projects of property stock companies were released when the real estate cycle signal turned green. Good sales contributed to good profitability. The relationship between large commercial development project profitability and the real estate cycle might not be as close as general construction projects. Apart from residential projects, recent development projects also include commercial real estates such as offices, shopping malls, residential-commercial buildings, etc. The development concept of long-term rental return is more popular and it has more variety than the initial period.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-12-12T13:38:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo da Rocha Duarte Lira Vidal_.pdf: 11776098 bytes, checksum: f28a97dc8e66196e2a29e0d8df1ae004 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-12T13:38:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo da Rocha Duarte Lira Vidal_.pdf: 11776098 bytes, checksum: f28a97dc8e66196e2a29e0d8df1ae004 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-26 / PROCEMPA - Companhia de Processamento de Dados do Município de Porto Alegre / Este estudo objetiva criar uma proposta metodológica para a avalição de investimentos em ativos de Tecnologia da Informação ligados ao setor de gestão pública através do levantamento e compilação de técnicas, métodos e ferramentas para este fim. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de conceitos que possa apoiar o processo decisório sobre investir ou não em projetos de TI, buscando embasar e agregar transparência aos atos de investimentos feitos com recursos de órgãos governamentais, propondo a criação de padrões e disponibilizando a documentação sobre as decisões tomadas. Mesmo havendo o foco inicial voltado as ações da gestão pública, a metodologia aqui proposta não se limita a este setor, podendo ter sua aplicação estendida ao ambiente da iniciativa privada. Neste contexto de execução do processo decisório, buscam-se conceitos de gestão, intentando agregar qualidade aos serviços entregues, qualificando as decisões sobre os investimentos que possam ser feitos em projetos de criação e atualização de ambiente de informação. Durante o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa houve a interação com agentes executores de serviços públicos, levantando requisitos a serem atendidos e partindo-se destas definições se realizou a busca de referências teóricas que apoiassem as propostas de análise, estudando metodologias, ferramentas e técnicas direcionadas ao processo decisório. Foi definido o caminho de construção das análises aplicando-se os passos da metodologia Design Science Research (DSR), construindo-se artefatos a partir das teorias compiladas, proporcionando a materialização das ações através da utilização dos fluxos e telas desenhadas, criando assim, um processo metodológico que apoia a decisão de execução do investimento e que também padroniza, documenta e agrega agilidade ao seu desenvolvimento. / This study aims to create a methodological proposal for the evaluation of investments in Information Technology assets related to the public management sector through the collection and compilation of techniques, methods and tools for this purpose. It is a concept research that can support the decision-making process about whether or not to invest in IT projects, seeking to base and aggregate transparency on the actions of government agencies, proposing the creation of standards and making documentation available on taken decisions. Even though the initial focus is on public management actions, the methodology proposed here is not limited to this sector, and its application can be extended to the private sector environment. In this context of execution of the decision-making process, management concepts are sought, trying to add quality to the delivered services, qualifying the decisions about the investments that can be made in projects of creation and updating of information environment. During the development of this research there was interaction with public service agents, raising requirements to be met and starting from these definitions, the search for theoretical references was made to support the analysis proposals, studying methodologies, tools and techniques directed to the decision-making process . It was defined the way of construction of the analyzes by applying the steps of the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology, constructing artifacts from the theories compiled, providing the materialization of the actions through the use of the flows and drawn drawings, creating, a methodological process that supports the decision to execute the investment and also standardizes, documents and adds agility to its development.

Com a intensificação da competitividade do mercado, empresas que realizam escolhas equivocadas podem comprometer significativamente sua atuação. Portanto, para se destacar dentre as demais, decisões não mais podem ser intuitivas e perdas tornam-se inadmissíveis. Sob o aspecto financeiro, a análise apropriada de projetos de investimento é fundamental para o crescimento solidificado da firma. Quando questionados sobre a implantação de determinado projeto, gestores adeptos de diferentes métodos de análise de investimento tendem a tomar a mesma decisão. Porém, ao depararem-se com uma diversidade de projetos de investimento, métodos usuais de análise de investimento causam divergências, conturbando o processo decisório. Ao priorizar algum projeto de investimento, aparentemente atraente economicamente, em detrimento de outros, a firma pode vir a sofrer prejuízos financeiros, decorrentes de características relevantes desconsideradas pelos métodos usualmente utilizados. A partir da análise crítica de métodos determinísticos, métodos que apreciam a incerteza e métodos que consideram a flexibilidade dos projetos, tornou-se factível a retificação da tomada de decisão na comparação entre investimentos. Assim, adequações dos métodos usuais de análise de investimento foram apresentadas como forma de conduzir a resultados mais eficientes. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho desenvolve os conceitos de valor presente líquido equivalente (VPLE) e taxa interna de retorno equivalente (TIRE), como métodos determinísticos voltados exclusivamente para a tomada de decisão diante de diversas opções de investimento. Em seguida, com a flexibilização de tais conceitos, determina-se o conceito de opções reais equivalentes como principal ferramenta para a comparação parametrizada de projetos de investimento. Para a verificação de sua contribuição na análise econômica, um estudo de caso foi realizado e seus resultados comparados com aqueles esperados pelos métodos tradicionais. Logo, concluiu-se que, ao avaliar projetos sob as mesmas condições de contorno, diferentes ferramentas levam a semelhantes resultados. Porém, a parametrização das variáveis e a flexibilização permitida pelas opções reais equivalentes adicionam valor ao investimento e, conseqüentemente, à empresa. / Considering the increasing level of competition of many markets, companies that take wrong decision choices for their businesses may compromise its performances. Therefore, in order to reach better performance than its competitors, the decisions should not be based on intuition and unnecessary losses become unacceptable. Under the financial scope, the appropriate analysis of investment projects is essential to promote a solidified growth of a firm. When asked about the implementation of some project, managers that make use of different methods of investment analysis tend to take the same decision choice. However, when the situation involves a variety of investment projects, the usual methods of investment analysis can imply in different results, disturbing the decision process. When any investment project considered apparently more economically attractive is put up front in any company\'s choice, the ones that are taking this decision may suffer financial losses due to some important issues not considered by the usually methods used. By using a critical analysis of deterministic methods, methods that assess the uncertainty and methods that consider some flexibility of projects, it becomes of major importance to apply some decision-making process to compare the possibilities of investment projects. So, some arrangements in the usual methods of analysis of investment were presented in order to reach more efficient goals. That is the reason that this research development the concepts of equivalent net present value (ENPV) and equivalent internal rate of return (EIRR), as deterministic methods used exclusively to the decision making with a variety of investment projects. After this, with the flexibility of this concepts, it is established the concept of equivalent real options as it main tool to make a parameterized comparison of investment projects. To prove its contribution to the economic analysis techniques, it was set an application of the proposed methodology and its results were compared to the ones obtained if the traditional methods. Therefore, this paper work got the conclusion that, if analyzed investment projects under the same conditions, different tools generate similar results. However, the same parameters and the flexibility given if used Equivalent Real Options adds value to investment and, consequently, to the company.