This thesis deals with the issue of cyber security in enterprises. The main objective of this thesis is to compile a comprehensive overview of the issue of cyber security related to the Czech business entities. It is written in the context in Czech language and in less technical form. This thesis first identifies the current cyber threats, supported by examples of actual incidents. On the basis of the threats thesis defines the categories of business entities that are vulnerable to the threats, and with regard to the Czech legal system analyzes cybersecurity responsibilities. Above the legal obligations there are recommended measures and types of security tests that can check the level of cybersecurity. The output is also a methodological tool for better understanding of cyber security in companies which summarize acquired information and context in comprehensive tables. The expected contribution of this thesis is that summarized findings will serve to increase the level of IT security for Czech businesses.

The aim of my diploma thesis is to process a strategic analysis of the Family brewery BERNARD, a.s. with using of selected methods of internal and external analysis. I will characterize the strengths and weaknesses of the internal company environment, business opportunities and environmental threats. I will compare the competitive position of the monitored company with its competitive companies in the market. I will elaborate the financial analysis of the brewery for the period 2007, 2008 and 2009 by calculating some profitability ratios, activities and debt. Based on the evaluation of the company according selected methods of strategic analysis, I will outline the business strategy and recommendations for its further development.

The amount of electronically stored data is constantly growing. That's why we should consider the data security. Most electronic information is stored in the database. This thesis is concerned with ensuring data security in the Oracle database. First of all, I describe some of the available security surveys, to make it clear why we need to ensure the data security. In addition, I also describe the main aspects of information security. The aim is to introduce what we mean by security of information. Then I examine the recommendations of ISO 17799 standard, which is one of the sources for the measures described in the main part of this thesis. The next part is dedicated to finding the important security threats, which are used as a basis for following description of security tools. The aim of described recommendations and threats is to discover what is needed to ensure the data security. In the main part of this thesis I discuss the various security tools and procedures. The main objective of this thesis is the description of tools and procedures to ensure data security, following the recommendations of international standards and typical security threats. All described tools are part of the Oracle database. I place emphasis on the user access control.

This master thesis entitled Cybersecurity deals with cybersecuriy issue. The theoretical part defines basic concepts related to cybersecurity and cyber threats classification. The practical part deals with a case study regarding disputes between China and the US in cyberspace. The goal will be to test a hypothesis that China and the United States are at cyberwar with each other.

Orientador: Andrei Koerner / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T10:20:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Storti_JanainaMarques_M.pdf: 1482527 bytes, checksum: b10d2643bb449e236e1b90c9ddacc74a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Com o fim da Guerra Fria os Estados Unidos se consolidam no cenário internacional como a única superpotência em termos políticos, militares e econômicos. A partir da queda do inimigo soviético, perspectivas emergem a fim de identificar quais ameaças seriam capazes de colocar em xeque a segurança nacional dos EUA. Neste período, estas novas ameaças foram definidas em duas instâncias, uma considerando as ameaças estatais, relativas aos estados hostis aos EUA bem como os estados delinqüentes os quais representavam ainda uma ameaça generalizada à segurança internacional, e a outra considerando as ameaças não estatais, focadas principalmente no terrorismo como fonte de insegurança e instabilidade internacional. Tendo isto em vista, essa dissertação analisará o documento National Security Strategy dos governos de George H. W. Bush (1989-1993), William J. Clinton (1993-2001) e George W. Bush (2001-2009) com o objetivo de compreender como este define as ameaças aos Estados Unidos, bem como estabelece prioridades estratégicas e objetivos, a fim de direcionar como as ameaças serão enfrentadas. Ao mesmo tempo, será feita uma contraposição entre a análise do documento e as ações desempenhadas pelos governos nas questões de segurança nacional. / Abstract: With the end of the Cold War the United States consolidate themselves in the international scenery as the only superpower in political, military and economic terms. Since the fall of the Soviet enemy, perspectives emerge in order to identify which threats would be able to put in check the national security of the USA. In this period, these new threats were defined in two instances, one considering the state actors, relative to hostile states to the USA as well as the rogue states which ones represented a generalized threat to the international security, and the other considering the non-state threats, focused mostly in the terrorism as a source of international insecurity and instability. Having this in mind, this dissertation will analyze the National Security Strategy release of the governments of George H. W. Bush (1989-1993), William J. Clinton (1993-2001) and George W. Bush (2001-2009) in order to comprehend how these documents define the threats to the United States, as well as how it establishes strategic and objective priorities in order to address how the threats will be faced, at the same time, will be made a comparison between the document analysis and the actions performed by the governments in the national security issues. / Mestrado / Mestre em Relações Internacionais

The United States has been increasingly concerned with the transnational threat posed by infectious diseases. Effective policy implementation to contain the spread of these diseases requires active engagement and support of the American public. To influence American public opinion and enlist support for related domestic and foreign policies, both domestic agencies and international organizations have framed infectious diseases as security threats, human rights disasters, economic risks, and as medical dangers. This study investigates whether American attitudes and opinions about infectious diseases are influenced by how the issue is framed. It also asks which issue frame has been most influential in shaping public opinion about global infectious diseases when people are exposed to multiple frames. The impact of media frames on public perception of infectious diseases is examined through content analysis of newspaper reports. Stories on SARS, avian flu, and HIV/AIDS were sampled from coverage in The New York Times and The Washington Post between 1999 and 2007. Surveys of public opinion on infectious diseases in the same time period were also drawn from databases like Health Poll Search and iPoll. Statistical analysis tests the relationship between media framing of diseases and changes in public opinion. Results indicate that no one frame was persuasive across all diseases. The economic frame had a significant effect on public opinion about SARS, as did the biomedical frame in the case of avian flu. Both the security and human rights frames affected opinion and increased public support for policies intended to prevent or treat HIV/AIDS. The findings also address the debate on the role and importance of domestic public opinion as a factor in domestic and foreign policy decisions of governments in an increasingly interconnected world. The public is able to make reasonable evaluations of the frames and the domestic and foreign policy issues emphasized in the frames.

Första linjechefer inom LSS-bostäder ansvarar enligt arbetsmiljölagen, 1977:1160(AML) för att säkerställa arbetsmiljön för medarbetare, samtidigt som de skasäkerställa att insatser enligt lag 1993:387, om stöd och service för vissafunktionshindrade (LSS) är av god kvalité och möter stödanvändares behov.Detta, tillsammans med förekomst av utmanande beteende hos de boende, antyderatt första linjechefer har en komplex arbetssituation. Syftet med studien var därföratt undersöka hur första linjechefer inom LSS-bostäder, där det förekommerutmanande beteende, upplever relationen mellan arbetsmiljöåtgärder och detpedagogiska arbetet. Studiens fokus var att identifiera faktorer som verkarfrämjande respektive hindrande i arbetsmiljöarbete och pedagogiskt arbete.Empiri för studien samlades in med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med sjuförsta linjechefer. Genom tematisk analys har två huvudteman identifierats:upplevelser av yrkesrollen och upplevelsen av relationen mellan arbetsmiljö ochpedagogik. Resultatet har analyserat utifrån Michael Lipsky teori, Street-levelBureaucrats. Resultatet visar att praktiknära ledarskap upplevs centralt för attupprätthålla god kvalité i det pedagogiska arbetet, som i sin tur bidrog till bättrearbetsmiljö. Studien identifierar komplexitet och utmaningar i relationen mellanarbetsmiljöarbetet och det pedagogiska arbetet inom tre kategorier: (1)organisatoriska faktorer; (2) första linjechefens yrkesroll; och (3) bristandekunskap hos personalen. Vidare forskning kan därför behövas om hur praktiknäraledarskap påverkar kunskapsnivån i verksamheten och bemötandet avstödanvändare, samt hur det påverkar både arbetsmiljön och första linjechefersyrkesroll och arbetsuppgifter. / Frontline managers for LSS-housing are responsible according to the WorkEnvironment Act, 1977: 1160 (AML) to ensure adequate the workingenvironment for employees, and at the same time ensure the work provided are ofgood quality and meets the needs of the clients according to Act 1993: 387concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments(LSS). This, together with the presence of challenging behavioramong residents, this is suggested to be complex work situation for frontlinemanagers. The purpose of the study was therefore to investigate how frontlinemanagers for LSS-housing, where challenging behavior occur, experience therelation between work environment and the pedagogical work. The focus of thestudy was to identify factors that appear to promote and obstruct the efforts toensure adequate work environment and pedagogical work. The empirical data forthe study were collected using semi-structured interviews with seven frontlinemanagers. Through thematic analysis, two main themes have been identified:experiences of the professional role and the experience of the relation betweenwork environment and pedagogy. The result has been analyzed with MichaelLipsky theory, Street-level Bureaucrats. The result shows that practice leadershipis perceived as being vital to maintain good quality in the pedagogical work,which in turn contributed to a better working environment. The study identifiescomplexity and challenges in the relation of work environment and pedagogicalwork in three categories: (1) organizational factors, (2) frontline managersprofessional role; and (3) lack of knowledge of the staff. Further research istherefore needed on how practice leadership influences the level of knowledge inthe organization and how it affects the support work with the clients, as well as itaffects, the work environment and the frontline managers professional role andduties.

Cette thèse, constituée de trois essais, porte sur les concepts interdépendants de matérialisme et de consommation compensatoire. Le premier essai passe en revue les différentes conceptualisations du matérialisme, ainsi que ses causes et ses conséquences. J’analyse comment les différentes conceptualisations peuvent expliquer les variations des travaux de recherche et je propose un cadre conceptuel général pour analyser la recherche sur le matérialisme. Je présente également les travaux sur la notion de consommation compensatoire qui renvoie à l'utilisation et à la possession de biens matériels pour faire face aux menaces portant sur l’identité personnelle. Pour conclure ce premier essai, j’ouvre le débat sur l’opportunité de plusieurs travaux de recherche portant sur la consommation compensatoire. Dans les deux essais suivants, j’approfondis plus particulièrement les questions liées à la consommation compensatoire.Dans le deuxième essai, je reviens sur les recherches montrant que dédommager des aspects menacés de l'identité personnelle avec des produits symboliques (c'est-à-dire la consommation compensatoire intra-domaine) provoque des personnes pour ruminer les menaces sur leur identité personnelle et diminue leur ressources de maîtrise de soi.Je constate qu'une telle diminution arrive uniquement lorsque les produits sont explicitement liés avec les aspects menacés de leur identité personnelle et non quand ils sont implicitement liés avec les aspects menacés.Le troisième essai se focalise sur l'efficacité de la consommation compensatoire intra-domaine et plus précisément sur la possibilité de restaurer les éléments endommagés de l'identité personnelle. Mes résultats montrent que la restauration de l'identité personnelle est contrariée lorsque les individus sont rétribués avec des produits ayant des liens explicites avec les aspects menacés de leur identité personnelle et non lorsque ces liens sont implicites. Les liens explicites rappellent aux consommateurs les menaces et empêchent le processus de réparation de l'identité personnelle. Je teste également une condition limite de ces résultats et montre que lorsque la menace sur l’identité personnelle est implicite (par exemple, subtile ou non évidente), même les produits ayant des liens explicites peuvent permettre la réparation de l'identité personnelle. / This dissertation comprises three essays that pertain to the interelated constructs of materialism and compensatory consumption. In Essay 1, I review research on the conceptualizations, causes, and consequences of materialism, analyze how adopting different conceptualizations may account for variations in research outcomes, and suggest a broad framework for analyzing materialism research. I also introduce research on compensatory consumption, which refers to the use and possession of material goods to address self-identity threats. In the end, I discuss some ideas for future research, particularly those related to compensatory consumption. In the next two essays, I investigate specific questions on compensatory consumption. In Essay 2, I revisit extant research that shows that compensating with products symbolic of threatened aspects of self-identity (i.e., within-domain compensatory consumption) causes threat-related rumination and depletes self-control resources of individuals. I find that such depletion occurs only when products are explicitly connected to the threatened aspects of self, and not when they are implicitly connected to the threatened aspects. In Essay 3, I examine the efficacy of within-domain compensatory consumption, that is, whether it restores self-identity on aspects damaged by a self-threat. I find that self-identity repair is thwarted when threatened individuals compensate with products having explicit connections to the threatened identity domain, but not when these connections are kept implicit. Explicit, but not implicit, connections remind consumers of the threat, thereby impeding self-repair. I also test a boundary condition to these finding, and show that when the self-threat itself is implicit (e.g., subtle, non-obvious), even products with explicit connections can provide self-repair.

Bakgrund: Personal inom hälso- och sjukvården löper en större risk att utsättas för hot och våld på grund av direktkontakt med människor. Den senaste tiden inom den svenska hälsooch sjukvården har det skett en ökning av hot och våld. En majoritet av sjuksköterskor har varit utsatta för hot och våld. Sjuksköterskan har sin etiska värdegrund och kod att följa samt svenska lagar. Sjuksköterskan är beroende av en god relation till patienten. Denna litteraturöversikt skapades för att uppmärksamma hur hot och våld påverkar omvårdnaden inom slutenvården. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskans erfarenheter av hur hot och våld påverkar omvårdnaden av patienter inom slutenvården. Metod: Litteraturöversikt som inkluderar 15 artiklar. Resultat: Sjuksköterskan blir påverkad på olika sätt i patientens omvårdnad vilket kan leda till försämrad omvårdnad. Resultatet visar att känslor i mötet med patienten kan påverka kvalitén på omvårdnaden, samt att hot och våld kan leda till bristfällig kommunikation. Hot och våld kan skapa ovilja till att vårda och utmaningar i arbetsfördelningen. Hotet mot den individuella säkerheten kan påverka omvårdnadsarbetet. Brister i organisationen kan påverka omvårdnaden. Nedsatt arbetsglädje kan försämra omvården samt att toleransen mot hot och våld kan vara olika beroende på patientens bakomliggande diagnos. Konklusion: Hot och våld inom slutenvården kan vara vardag för sjuksköterskor runt om i världen. Sjuksköterskor kan erfara likartade situationer där hot och våld orsakar dålig arbetsmiljö som kan leda till att förutsättningarna för att ge en god omvårdnad försämras. Det behövs mer forskning kring prevention av hot och våld samt hur dessa implementeras för hot och våld / Background: Health Care Professionals is in risk of workplace violence because of the direct contact with humans. There has been an increase in workplace violence in Swedish hospitals. A majority of nurses have been exposed to workplace violence. The nurse has ethical values, codes and laws to follow. Nurses are dependent on good human-human relationships. This literature review was created to pay attention to how threats and violence affect nursing care in hospitals. Aim: Describe nurses experience of how threats and violence influence nursing care in hospitals. Method: Literature review that includes 15 articles. Result: The nurse is affected in various ways in the patient's care which often leads to impaired nursing. The results show that emotions in the encounter with the patient can affect the quality of nursing, and that threats and violence can lead to inadequate communication. The nurse may not want to care for the patient which is time consuming and difficult. The threat to individual security can affect nursing work. Deficiencies in the organization can affect nursing, and the result showed that reduced job satisfaction can affect nursing but that the tolerance may be different depending on the patient's diagnosis. Conclusion: Threats and violence in hospital care can be everyday work for nurses around the world. Nurses may experience similar situations where threats and violence can cause poor working environment, which can lead to a deterioration in the conditions for providing good nursing care. More research is needed on prevention for threats and violence and how these are implemented for threats and violence.

Bakgrund: Redan 1824 rapporterades det om hot och våld på akutmottagningen. Sjuksköterskor bedriver omvårdnadsarbete i en utsatt arbetsmiljö där hot och våld är vanligt förekommande och arbetet på akutmottagning står inför stora utmaningar. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av hot och våld på akutmottagningen. Metod: En litteraturstudie som utgår ifrån Polit och Beck (2017) nio steg. Databaserna Cinahl och Pubmed användes för att identifiera relevanta artiklar som kunde besvara studiens syfte. 12 artiklar återstod efter kvalitetsgranskningen som genomfördes utefter Polit och Beck (2017) granskningsmallar, dessa artiklar användes för utformning av litteraturstudiens resultat. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras utifrån fyra olika kategorier: Att känna sig utsatt, att känna sig hindrad i att kunna utföra god omvårdnad, negativ emotionell påverkan som försämrar hälsan och att känna behov av stöd. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskorna kände sig utsatta, sårbara och utlämnade och patientsäkerheten äventyrades då utförandet av god omvårdnad försvårades. Emotionell påverkan ledde till försämrad hälsa för sjuksköterskan och betydelsen av stöd blev påtagligt speciellt då stödet från organisationen upplevdes bristande.