This thesis is written for the Bachelor of Arts degree in Game Design and Graphics at Gotland University in Sweden. A method used in graphic design for games with low-pixel density was initially studied in the course Advanced Game Project and has in this work been further developed. In general, since regular size-reduction of pictures often results in visually incomplete bitmaps, the goal of this thesis is to provide a better overview on the process of reduction where the important features of the original picture are maintained throughout the reduction phase.

Abstrakt     Inledning: Att vara ny på arbetet är utmanande och innebär ökad stress. Tidigare studier visar att många upplever sin kunskap som begränsad och att de önskade mer praktisk erfarenhet och hade behov av en god introduktion. Gott lagarbete med goda relationer och tillåtande miljö var viktigt för att arbetet på operationsavdelningen skulle fungera tillfredsställande. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att belysa nyutexaminerade operationssjuksköterskors upplevelser av sin första yrkesverksamma tid. Metod: Studien hade en kvalitativ ansats där datainsamling har genomförts genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Den utskrivna texten analyserades med en latent innehållsanalys. Resultat: I analysen framkom tre teman; Upplevda faktorer som påverkar utvecklandet av kompetens, Förmågan att inse sitt egenvärde och omgivningens inverkan på upplevelsen av trygghet, samt Behov av kontroll och stöd vid brist på kontroll. Resultatet visar hur nyutexaminerade operationssjuksköterskor upplevde en känsla av att vara dåligt förberedda inför de nya arbetsuppgifterna. Deltagarna beskriver hur de önskade en planerad inskolning med möjlighet till individuell anpassning. Erfarna och hjälpsamma kollegor upplevdes ge ökad trygghet och stöd från en kollega som det fanns förtroende för ansågs vara viktigt. Det framställdes hur betydelsefull självinsikten var över den egna kunskapen samt att ansvaret för kunskapsinhämtning låg på dem själva. Deltagarna menade också att det var viktigt att acceptera rollen som novis och därmed bristen på erfarenhet. Slutsats: Att belysa nyutexaminerade operationssjuksköterskors upplevelser av sin situation gör det möjligt att sträva efter en öppen och tillåtande arbetsmiljö. Detta ökar förutsättningarna för god inskolning av nyutexaminerade operationssjuksköterskor, vilket kan bidra till en mer patientsäker vård.   Nyckelord: Handledning, Innehållsanalys, Inskolning, Nyutexaminerade operationssjuksköterskor, Upplevelser. / Abstract     Introduction: To be new at work is challenging and involves increased stress. Earlier studies show that many experienced that their knowledge was limited and wished for more practical experiences and where in need of a good introduction. Good teamwork with good relationships and a permissive environment was important for work at the surgical department to perform satisfactorily. Aim: The purpose of the study was to highlight newly graduated surgical nurses experiences of their first professional career. Method: The study had a qualitative approach where data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews. The transcript was analyzed with a latent content analysis. Results: The analysis revealed three themes: Perceived factors influencing the development of skills, the ability to recognize their intrinsic value and ambient effects on the perception of the Översätt från: svenskaSkriv text, ange adressen till en webbplatöversätt ett dokument.AvbrytExempel på hur "" kan användas:automatiskt översatt av Googlesense of security, and need for control and support in the lack of control. The result shows how graduates surgical nurses experienced a feeling of being not enough prepared for their new jobs. Participants describe how they wanted a planned induction with the possibility of individual adaptation. Experienced and helpful colleagues felt to provide greater security and support from a colleague that there was confidence was considered important. It was made how important self-realization was over their knowledge and that the responsibility for the acquisition of knowledge lay on them. Participants also felt that it was important to accept the role of a novice and thus the lack of experience. Conclusion: To highlight newly graduated surgical nurses' perceptions of their situation makes it possible to pursue an open and tolerant environment. This increases the chances of a good induction of newly graduated surgical nurses, which can contribute to a more patient-safe care.   Keywords: Content Analysis, Experiences, Induction, Newly graduates surgical nurses, Tutorial.

This thesis presents the findings of a study of writing center tutorial practices in a Middle Eastern university where the language of instruction is English. Data from stimulated recall activities, written observations, and interviews were analyzed to answer the following research questions: 1. How do tutees perceive the effectiveness of writing center tutorials? 2. How do tutors perceive the effectiveness of writing center tutorials? 3. Which type of tutoring approach do tutees find more effective? 4. Which type of tutoring approach do tutors find more effective? The data revealed that tutees noticed an improvement in their assignments, believed that their concerns had been addressed, and that they had acquired transferable skills. Most tutees assessed their tutors positively, valuing tutors who inspired confidence and were able to explain concepts clearly. Although tutees appreciated knowledgeable tutors, they valued egalitarian peer-tutoring relationships. Tutors reported that tutorial sessions improved their tutees' assignments and that tutees had acquired transferable skills. Nevertheless, tutors were critical of their own performance. Some tutors admitted to lacking the knowledge necessary to explain certain writing concepts, including grammatical concepts; some felt they dominated the tutorials; and others felt their approach was too directive. The data revealed that both tutors and tutees preferred the directive approach for lower order concerns and a non-directive approach for higher order concerns. This study shows that diverse tutoring models that accommodate the background and experiences of Middle Eastern students, and their particular strengths and weaknesses, should be considered. It recommends tutorial training that emphasizes flexibility and recognizes the distinctive nature of each tutorial situation and the opportunity it presents to address the needs and expectations of individual students. These findings could signal a direction for the development of writing center pedagogy that focuses on the linguistically and culturally diverse students in the Middle East.

<p> </p><p>Den här uppsatsen har skrivits i samband med ett examensarbete som jag gjorde på Shortfuse, ett företag under bildning i Gothia Science Park vid Högskolan i Skövde. Det som jag har gjort under examensarbetet var att ändra vissa befintliga spellägen och att designa helt nya spellägen till fightingspelet Colosseum. Målsättningen är att utveckla nya spellägen utan att lägga till eller ändra på befintlig spelmekanik.</p><p>Resultatet av arbetet ledde till en lösning på hur målsättningen kan uppfyllas, nämligen genom att kombinera befintlig spelmekanik på nya sätt. Men jag kom fram till att det ändå inte går att designa något nytt utan att ändra på spelmekaniken åtminstone lite grann. Slutsatsen är att den positiva inverkan en idé skulle ha på spelet måste övervägas mot hur mycket det kostar i form av tid och pengar.</p><p>Dessutom ledde arbetet till beskrivningar av tre olika metoder för att komma på nya idéer. De tre metoderna kallar jag för användning av konventioner i liknande spel, överföring av idéer från helt andra typer av spel, och användning av spelets tema.</p><p> </p>

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Esta dissertação de mestrado está inserida no trabalho desenvolvido pelo grupo de pesquisa GIA/UFRGS e situa-se na área de Inteligência Artificial aplicada à Educação à Distância apresentando uma arquitetura distribuída no desenvolvimento de Ambientes de Ensino Inteligentes. A Web facilita aos alunos encontrarem informações relevantes ao estudo que estão fazendo. Outra vantagem do ensino na Web é o indivíduo ser sabedor da existência da informação e de onde ela se localiza para que no momento adequado a acesse. Porém, o progresso que se poderá ter na área de informática aplicada à educação dependerá da adequação e qualidade do software educacional a ser utilizado. Por isso, temos que ter software de ensino inteligentes, que possam trazer esta qualidade e adequação conforme o aluno que está tentando adquirir um certo conhecimento. O objetivo principal do presente trabalho se propõe a estudar as diferentes técnicas e mecanismos de se construir um modelo do aluno adaptativo na Web, aplicáveis em um cenário de educação à distância, a partir de um ambiente distribuído de ensino-aprendizagem inteligente baseado em uma arquitetura multiagentes que contempla o paradigma de ensino cooperativo (uma sociedade de agentes humanos e artificiais, que cooperam para alcançar um objetivo comum). Além disso, o trabalho propõe o uso de estratégias de ensino segundo regras estipuladas pelo especialista. O agente responsável por este controle observa as modificações do comportamento do aprendiz durante a sua interação no ambiente, e seleciona uma estratégia de acordo com o desempenho do aprendiz. / This master’s degree dissertation was developed within the research group GIA/UFRGS, and is located in the field of Artificial Intelligence applied to distance learning, presenting a distributed architecture to develop intelligent teaching environments. The Web make easier for students to find important information for the study hey are performing. Another advantage of learning on the Web is that one knows the information exist and where they are located in order to access it at the right moment. However, the advances in the area of learning applied computing will depend of the adaptation and quality of the educational software used. Thus, we need intelligent teaching software, which can bring us this quality and adaptation according to the student that is trying to acquire some knowledge. The main goal of this work is to propose to study the different techniques and mechanisms for building an adaptive student model on the Web, that are applicable in a distance learning scenario, from an intelligent teaching-learning distributed environment based in a multi-agent architecture that contemplate the cooperative teaching paradigm (a society of human and artificial agent, which cooperate to reach a common goal). In addition, this work proposes the use of teaching strategies according to rules given by the specialist. The agent responsible for this control observes the apprentice behavioral changes during his interaction with the environment and selects a strategy according to the apprentice performance.

The main tasks of this thesis are a mapping of the occurrence of the topic prevention of risks arising from encounters with animals in textbooks for primary scholars, a detection levels of scholar´s knowledge in this field, a creation of a tutorial on this topic and a testing of this tutorial. The survey has shown that scholars have got only shallow theoretical knowledge about the way how to deal safely with common domesticated animals as dogs and cats, they have got almost no experience with bigger farm animals (as pigs, cows, horses). The survey has shown that after completing the tutorial the scholar´s knowledge has become much deeper. There is very low rate of this topic in textbooks for the educational area The Man and his World. The domesticated animals (especially dogs) are presented as a thoroughly good, the scholars are not warned of the possible risks during the meeting with this animals. This thesis was created as part of the GAJU 078/2013/S project.

Research in the field of multimedia has yielded principles for the design of effective multimedia instructional messages including Mayer's principles regarding voice. According to the voice principle, students learn more deeply when the narration in a multimedia lesson is spoken by a native voice rather than a non-native voice. The generalizability of the voice principle has been demonstrated when applied to multimedia users who are native speakers of the language used in narration. However, three out of four English users are non-native speakers of English, and the vast majority of verbal exchanges in English do not involve any native speakers of the language at all. By focusing on non-native users, the results of this study should clarify the applicability of the voice principle to a broader target audience. The study investigated whether the accent of the narrator in a multimedia tutorial affected participants' learning and attitudes toward the narrator. The independent variable of the study was narrator's accent with two levels: native accent and non-native shared accent. The dependent variables of the study were participants' learning and their attitudes toward the narrators. Sixty-five Chinese participants at a Midwestern university in the United States were randomly assigned to one of two groups in this experimental design. Data to test the dependent variables were collected through a learning achievement test and an attitude survey. Data analyses revealed that there was no significant difference in overall learning and recall level learning between the two accent groups. However, the group who heard the narration spoken with the native American English accent had significantly more positive attitudes toward their respective narrator than the group who heard the narration spoken with a non-native shared Chinese accent. The study qualifies the voice principle by establishing the limits of its generalizability to non-native English speakers. The study suggests to instructional designers that the use of a non-native shared accent should not affect students' learning negatively although it may affect their attitudes toward the speakers. In addition, the study helps assure non-native instructors that they can record their own voices to use in multimedia instruction as their non-native students will learn as effectively as with a native English accent.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-30. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-12754.pdf: 1210705 bytes, checksum: 732794aa2bade6ccbe451260f6b2a8d9 (MD5) / A aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP) tem na sessão tutorial sua característica central, já que grande parte da aprendizagem se dá dentro da tutoria. Ela é considerada um complexo ambiente no qual diferentes aspectos interagem. O objetivo central desta pesquisa foi analisar aspectos que influenciam a sessão tutorial, na óptica de tutores e estudantes do curso médico da UNIMONTES. Especificamente, nos propusemos a caracterizar como o processo de recuperação dos conhecimentos prévios, a integração conceitual, o estudo individual / autoaprendizagem, as interações, a formulação de problemas, a avaliação influenciam a sessão tutorial, e identificar atributos dos tutores e estudantes que facilitam ou dificultam o desenvolvimento tutorial. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram estudantes e tutores dos sexto e sétimo períodos do curso médico da UNIMONTES. A coleta de dados foi realizada com a aplicação de um questionário composto de questões abertas e fechadas estruturadas seguindo a Escala de Likert. O processo de sistematização e análise dos dados compreendeu a quantificação e representação por tabelas e gráficos das respostas às questões fechadas e a análise temática para as questões abertas. Os resultados evidenciaram que a recuperação dos conhecimentos prévios, a integração conceitual, o desenvolvimento da autonomia/auto-aprendizagem, a interação interpessoal, as características dos problemas e o processo avaliativo são aspectos que podem facilitar o desenvolvimento das sessões tutoriais, embora possuam nós críticos que precisam ser mais bem estudados, para aprimorar o processo de aprendizagem nas tutorias. Os atributos do tutor e do estudante, que influenciam positivamente a sessão tutorial, enfatizam as características pessoais de cada um, as competências didáticopedagógicas do tutor e as habilidades e atitudes do estudante com relação a sua formação. Foi observada uma pequena menção dos aspectos éticos-políticos na descrição dos atributos de ambos participantes. Aperfeiçoar o processo tutorial no método ABP, considerando as atuais demandas de inserção profissional do médico no sistema de saúde brasileiro, é um desafio que envolve o compromisso de estudantes, docentes, instituições e sociedade. / Problem-based learning (PBL) has in the tutorial session its main characteristic since a significant part of the learning process takes place inside it. It is considered a complex environment in which different aspects interact. The main goal of this study is to analyze the aspects that influence the tutorial session, in the view of tutors and students of the medical course of UNIMONTES. Specifically, we have proposed to characterize how the process of retrieving previous knowledge, conceptual integration, individual study/self-learning, interactions, formulation of problems and assessment influence the tutorial session, and to identify tutor’s and student’s attributes which facilitate or hinder the tutorial development. The subjects of the study were students and tutors from the sixth and seventh periods of the medical course of UNIMONTES. Data collection was carried out by means of a questionnaire composed of open and closed questions structured according to the Likert scale. The data systematization and analysis process comprised qualification and representation of the answers to the open questions in tables and charts. The results have evidenced that the retrieval of previous knowledge, conceptual integration, autonomy/self-learning development, interpersonal interaction, the characteristics of the problems and the assessment process have aspects that can facilitate the development of the tutorial sessions, although they have critical knots that need to be further studied in order to improve the learning process in the tutorials. The tutors’ and students’ attributes which influence positively the tutorial session emphasize each one’s personal characteristics, the tutor’s didactic-pedagogical competences and the student’s skills and attitudes toward his or her education. A little mention of the ethical-political aspects was observed in the description of attributes of both participants. Improving the tutorial process in the PBL method, taking into account the current demands for the insertion of the professional doctor in the Brazilian health system, is a challenge that involves the commitment of students, faculty, institutions and society. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-30. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-12605.pdf: 700422 bytes, checksum: 976dd1668494a67bb2faf79ec6907685 (MD5) / O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o desenvolvimento das habilidades interpessoais na formação médica a partir do processo comunicacional construído nas sessões tutoriais do Curso de Medicina da UNIMONTES. O referencial teórico perpassou os conceitos de Intersubjetividades, comunicação como habilidades interpessoais, as Diretrizes curriculares no curso médico e na ABP, em especial nas sessões tutoriais. A metodologia utilizada foi abordagem quali-quantitativa. Os informantes da pesquisa foram 136 estudantes; do 1º ao 7º períodos. Também foram participantes 6 professores/tutores do 1º ao 7º períodos sorteados aleatoriamente. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram a Escala IHS Del Prette aplicados nos estudantes do primeiro ao sétimo períodos, e o Grupo Focal aplicado à amostra de tutores dos referidos períodos do curso médico. A análise dos dados constou da análise da relevância estatística do inventário, bem como da análise de conteúdo para compreensão e interpretação dos depoimentos no grupo focal. Participaram 46,3 % de estudantes do sexo masculino e 53,7% do sexo feminino; com idades entre 18 e 37 anos. Destacam-se o fator um (Enfrentamento e auto-afirmação com risco) e fator dois (Auto-afirmação na expressão de sentimento positivo), por apresentarem diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os períodos. A análise de conteúdo apontou três núcleos temáticos: condições facilitadoras do processo de comunicação como, acolhimento, empatia, sistematização de conhecimentos, e horizontalização das relações professor-aluno. As condições dificultadoras do processo de comunicação relacionou as características do tutor, as do estudante e as do método. A comunicação nas sessões tutoriais potencializando habilidades interpessoais, constou da avaliação como espaço de aprender a ouvir críticas a partir de feedback; da construção das relações, incluindo as diferenças e considerando que quem fala precisa saber como falar. Salientou-se a importância da avaliação e de seus resultados para aprimorar os processos e os instrumentos utilizados para planejar ações de integração das emoções e da cognição, ao processo de ensinoaprendizagem. Contatou-se que o essencial da ação é que as pessoas aprendam fazendo, e que a complexidade dos processos comunicacionais na dinâmica do PBL, em particular nas sessões tutoriais, impõe o aporte de diversas habilidades. / The goal of this study was to analyze the developme nt of interpersonal skills in the medical education from the communication process bu ilt on in the tutorial sessions in the medical course of UNIMONTES. The theoretical re ferential ran through the concepts of Intersubjectivities, communication as i nterpersonal skills, and this in the curricular Guidelines of the medical course and PBL , especially in the tutorial sessions. The methodology used was the qualitative-quantitati ve approach. The informants in the study comprised 136 students from 1 st to 7 th periods. In addition, 6 teachers/tutors from 1 st to 7 th periods, randomly selected, participated. The data collection tools were the IHS Del Prette Scale applied to the first-to-sevent h period students, and the Focal Group applied to tutors sample of the above-mention ed periods in the medical course. The data analysis comprised the analysis of the inv entory statistical relevance, as well as the analysis of content for the understanding an d interpretation of the focal group’s statements. 46.3 % students were male and 53.7% fem ale, ages ranging between 18 and 37. Factor one (Confrontation and self-assertio n with risk) and factor two (Self- assertion in expression of positive feeling) are hi ghlighted, since they present statistically significant differences among the per iods. The analysis of content pointed three thematic cores: conditions facilitating the c ommunication process such as, reception, empathy, systematization of knowledge an d horizontalization of teacher- students relations. Conditions hindering the commun ication process related to the tutor’s, student’s and the method characteristics. Communication in tutorial sessions potentiating interpersonal skills comprised the ass essment as space to learn and listen to critiques from feedback; building of relations , including the differences and considering that the speaker needs to know how to speak. The importance of the assessment and its outcomes was stressed in order t o refine the processes and tools used to plan actions for the integration of emotion s and cognition into the teaching- learning process. It was noticed that the essence o f the action is that people learn from doing and that the complexity of the communication processes in the PBL dynamics, in particular in the tutorial sessions, demands the co ntribution of diverse skills / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações