Aborda a difusão da arquitetura moderna no Brasil, ao tratar desse processo na cidade de João Pessoa entre 1956 e 1974, por se revelar aí um período de intensa produção moderna apesar de seu limitado quadro de arquitetos. Objetiva explicar, a partir do vínculo entre arquitetura e cidade, quais foram os agentes promotores dessa arquitetura, como ela se manifestou no espaço urbano e como era então representada. Para isso se baseia em entrevistas com os arquitetos então atuantes e análises de projetos, obras construídas, artigos e publicidades de periódicos da época, ao enfocar edifícios públicos e privados e intervenções urbanísticas. Constata a diversidade de linguagens manifestadas, apesar da constante atenção à simplicidade e à economia construtiva, e a centralização em valores nãolocais, como também foi representada pela imprensa. / Diffusion of modern architecture in Brazil is accosted while this process is dealing with João Pessoa city between 1956 and 1974, because a period of intense modern production was revealed there in spite of its limited local architect\'s group. To explain, based on relation between architecture and city, what were the agents which promoted this architecture, how it was demonstrated itself in the urban space and how it was represented then are intended. The study is based in interviews with architects who were in activity at that moment and analyses of projects, constructions, articles and publicities of magazines and newspapers from that time while public and private buildings and urbanistic interventions are approaching. The diversity of languages manifested in spite of constant attention to simplicity and economy of construction and the focus on no-locals values, like it was also represented by press, are perceived.

A presente pesquisa pretende demonstrar a análise dos crimes de agressão na cidade de São Paulo entre os anos de 1890 e 1920 a partir da perspectiva de uso do Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG). Para tanto, foram utilizadas como fontes os autos-crime de agressão do Arquivo do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo, especializando as agressões e estabelecendo análises cruzadas a partir da construção de um banco de dados. Nesse período, a cidade de São Paulo passava por intensas transformações físicas aliadas ao grande crescimento populacional provocado pela política de imigração do final do século XIX e início do século XX. A partir da análise dos diversos elementos trazidos pelos autos-crime, podemos perceber através da espacialização as dinâmicas sociais e urbanas dentro do espaço físico da cidade. O uso das geotecnologias permitem apresentar a outros pesquisadores as possibilidades de análise de uma fonte histórica tradicional aliando tempo e espaço na construção de mapas temáticos acerca das fontes primárias trabalhadas / This research aims to demonstrate the analysis of crimes of aggression in the city of São Paulo between 1890 and 1920 from the perspective of the Geographic Information System (GIS). For this purpose, the process of aggression of the file of The Court of Justice of São Paulo were used as sources, specializing aggressions and establishing cross-analysis from the construction of a database. During this period, the city of São Paulo was undergoing intense physical changes coupled with the high population growth caused by immigration politic of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. From the analysis of the various elements brought by self-murder, we can realize the social and urban dynamics within the physical space of the city through the spatialization. The use of geotechnologies allow to present for other researchers the possibilities of analysis of a traditional historical source by combining time and space in the construction of thematic maps about the primary sources worked

Cidades novas da fronteira do café: história e morfologia urbana das cidades fundadas por companhias imobiliárias no norte do Paraná. A presente tese concentra-se em desvendar a face urbana do universo pioneiro da fronteira do café no norte do Paraná. Especificamente, analisa o processo de formação histórica e a configuração formal de 96 cidades novas fundadas por 41 companhias imobiliárias entre 1923 e 1966. Através de uma abordagem interdisciplinar, procura evidenciar esta ímpar rede urbana considerando a dinâmica histórica que a gerou. A principal contribuição atém-se ao estudo da forma urbana dessas concepções. Sustenta-se uma reinterpretação demonstrativa de que em razão das características de sua gênese e do generalizado cuidado com específicos elementos morfológicos em somatória à observação zelosa das condicionantes do sítio singularizam-se dentro do cenário nacional e internacional desse movimento de reconfiguração territorial, ainda que compartilhem com premissas de desenho e preocupações comerciais universalmente consideradas. Para tanto, reuniu-se um conjunto inédito de fontes primárias que revelam o instante fundador dos núcleos urbanos e das empresas imobiliárias. Registra, dessa forma, o ímpeto do incipiente processo de urbanização na fronteira no norte do Paraná. / Coffee frontier new towns: urban history and morphology of towns settled by real State companies in northern Paraná State. This Thesis is about the urban face of pioneer universe of coffee frontier in northern Paraná State in Brazil. Specifically, it analyses the historical formation process and the formal configuration of 96 new towns settled by 41 real Estate companies between 1923 and 1966. Through an interdisciplinary approach it attempts to put in evidence this unique urban net considering the historical dynamic that generated it. The main contribution is the urban form study of these conceptions. It sustains a demonstrative reinterpretation of which on account of the characteristics of their origin and of the generalized care with specific morphological elements as well the zealous observation of the site restrictions they are singled out inside the national and international scenery of this movement of territorial reconfiguration, though they share with premises of drawing and commercial preoccupations universally respected. For so much, there was joined an unpublished set of primary sources that reveal the founding instant of these towns and companies. So it registers the impulse of the incipient process of urbanization in the north of Paraná State frontier.

Este trabalho pretende aclarar a participação de engenheiros e artífices alemães, na construção da cidade de São Paulo, entre 1820 e 1860. Para tanto, foram utilizados documentos referentes à imigração e obras públicas, como fontes principais da pesquisa. A imigração de povos germânicos para São Paulo teve três momentos importantes, até meados do século XIX. A primeira entrada de imigrantes alemães ocorreu em 1828 e foi subsidiada pelo governo imperial. Tinha por objetivo colonizar o interior, próximo à capital. A imigração de 1838, organizada por João Bloem e financiada pelo governo provincial, tinha o intuito de trazer artífices para construção de estradas e para trabalhar na siderúrgica de Ipanema, em Araçoiaba da Serra. Naquela ocasião, pretendeu-se montar uma companhia de operários, com esses profissionais. A terceira fase do processo imigratório de povos germânicos se deu na década de 1850, quando o governo provincial auxiliou financeiramente a Casa Vergueiro, para angariar agricultores, para as fazendas do interior do estado, e artífices, para montar a segunda companhia de operários da construção civil da província. Esses profissionais foram protagonistas da construção da cidade de São Paulo, na década de 1850, período em que se investiu consideravelmente em reformas urbanas na capital. Em termos quantitativos, é expressivo o número de alemães que atuaram na década de 1850 em São Paulo, no ramo da construção civil, trazendo melhoramentos urbanos importantes. O que de relevante foi feito nesse período, tanto no âmbito da infraestrutura urbana, como em arquitetura ou projeto, teve participação fundamental desse grupo de imigrantes. Podemos afirmar que engenheiros e artífices alemães atuaram em todos os setores da construção civil, em São Paulo, elaborando mapas da cidade, projetando edifícios públicos, propondo novas soluções para o abastecimento de água, construindo pontes, ou simplesmente trabalhando como artífices tecnicamente bem preparados. / This work intends to elucidate the participation of the German engineers and artificers in the edification of the city of São Paulo since 1820 to 1860. The main sources of the research were documents relating to immigration and public works. The immigration of the German people to São Paulo had three important moments, until the middle of the XIX century. The first German immigrants entrance happened in 1828 and was subsidized by the imperial government. It had the intent of colonizing the country - side close to the capital. The immigration of 1838, organized by João Bloem and supported by the provincial government had the purpose of bringing artificers for the construction of roads and to work in Ipanema siderurgy in Araçoiaba da Serra. At the time there was a plan of organizing a company of workers with these professionals. The third phase of the immigratory process of the German people happened in the decade of 1850, when the provincial government helped financially the Vergueiro House to recruit agricultural workers for the farms in the country - side of the state and artificers to organize the second company of civil architecture workers of the province. These professionals were the protagonists of the edification of the city of São Paulo in the decade of 1850, a time of great investments in urban reformation in the capital. In quantitative terms it is expressive the number of German workers who actuated in the decade of 1850 in São Paulo in the branch of civil architecture bringing important urban improvements. The participation of this group of immigrants in urban substructure, architecture and project in this period was considerable. We can asseverate that German engineers and artificers acted in all branches of civil architecture in São Paulo, elaborating maps of the city, projecting public buildings, presenting new solutions for the water provision, building bridges, or just working as artificers technically well prepared.

Au cours du XIVe siècle, Edouard III a émis plusieurs lettres de protection aux drapiers flamands pour qu’ils puissent s’installer en Angleterre et y poursuivre leur activité artisanale. Dans les siècles qui ont suivi, la contribution de ces immigrants au développement de l’industrie textile en Angleterre a engendré un vif débat entre les historiens. En effet, cette migration flamande a été étudiée jusqu’à présent seulement à travers le spectre de sa contribution économique et non sous l’angle de la vie quotidienne des immigrants. Afin de combler cette lacune, cette étude a pour objectif de présenter un état de la question sur les problèmes d’intégration qu’un groupe d’immigrants, qui a été forcé de fuir son propre pays, a pu rencontrer au XIVe siècle à travers les microcosmes des villes de Londres, de Colchester et de Great Yarmouth. / Throughout the fourteenth century, Edward III issued several letters of protection encouraging Flemish textile workers to establish their trade in England. In the centuries that followed, the newcomers' contribution to the development of the English drapery has triggered off a hot debate. Indeed, until now, this migration has been studied only through its economic aspects, and no attention has been paid to the daily life of the migrants. This study purports to fill a critical gap as it expounds the difficult integration process of a migrant community, which was forced to leave its own country, and focuses on the microcosm of London, Colchester and Great Yarmouth in the fourteenth century.

This thesis surveys the sounds of everyday street and work life to argue for a reassessment of the way historians have understood community, space, materiality and identity in late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century Germany and Britain. It will demonstrate that sound played an important role in the organisation of urban space and social order. Furthermore it will show how the historical subject as listener emphasises the volatility of identity, place-making and community. Sounds either defined a community through positive responses or created conflict where one group heard the sounds of another group as noise. Sound helps to define the social groups that this thesis focuses on, such as experts, intellectuals, local administrators, immigrants or factory labourers. The ephemeral nature of sound and the subjectivity of listening, however, also pull apart such neat definitions and reveal the fractures within each of these social groups. Throughout this thesis, differing reactions to everyday sounds in the conurbations of Manchester and Düsseldorf will demonstrate how communities sought to define themselves and their environments through the production and reception of sound. What emerges is a re-composition of everyday life in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth century that challenges examinations of it based on images of class, sociability and culture. Düsseldorf and Manchester were substantial cities that grew during the period studied here and underwent similar processes of technological change that affected both the social order and the physical environment. This thesis demonstrates that the audibility of specific technologies, buildings and machines physically affected listeners, and that working classes, middle-class professionals and local administrators all created regimes of noise intent on controlling behaviour in streets and workplaces. One of the key tropes within studies of sound is that listening places the historical subject at the centre of their environment while seeing places them outside of it. Using this idea, this thesis will make an original contribution to a number of debates. First of all, sounds broke down visual boundaries between street and workplace and this dissertation examines how that changes historical notions of place and space. Secondly, this thesis establishes how sound exposes the lines of fracture and cohesion within and between social groups that historians of popular street culture have tried to emphasise through class relations. Thirdly, sound allows for a re-examination of the power structures in which factory labourers and immigrants worked and lived as it presents practices of listening and sound production that breathe new life into ‘histories from below’ and challenge the top-down approaches associated with governmentality. Finally, this thesis will challenge the notion of noise as unwanted sound, prevalent in the growing number of histories on urban noise by demonstrating the diversity of everyday and medical reactions to ‘noise’ and exploring the problem of ‘silence’ in negotiations of migrant and worker identity and the development of road technologies. Overall, this thesis will determine that the role of sound in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth-century complicates historical debates on the physical and social organisation of urban space. Different communities transformed their identities around shared listening practices and adapted their rhythms of everyday life to sounds that resonated between street and home, work and leisure.

To reveal the theories and practices that linked education to the development within the cities of Boston and Buenos Aires, and in turn to the development of US and Argentina nationalism, “Cosmopolitan Imperialism” centers on two education reformers, Horace Mann (1776-1859) and Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (1811-1888). Mann and Sarmiento formed part of a supra-national community where liberal intellectual elites created a republic of letters, or perhaps better said, a republic of schools. As different versions of education branched out from a common Atlantic origin during the nineteenth century, Mann and Sarmiento searched for those ideas that better fit their national projects, a local project that started in the cities and moved to the interior parts of the country. In Boston and Buenos Aires, modern nationalism intertwined with imperial projects. This dissertation thus analyzes nationalism and reform in the nineteenth-century as an imperial project led by cosmopolitan intellectual elites. While we might expect to find Mann and Sarmiento’s ideas on education to be centered on their national experiences, looking to Europe for inspiration, this dissertation shows that it was quite the opposite. Educational ideas developed within an interconnected network and traveled within the North-South axis connecting Boston with Buenos Aires. This framework moves the focus from the interchange of ideas between America and Europe and places it within the American continent. At the same time, it allows us to consider Latin American and the US as both creators and recipients of educational ideas. There is a traditional way of talking about nationalism and reform in the nineteenth-century, especially in terms of education and educational policies. It is common to imagine that in the US, and even more certainly in Latin America, educated elites looked to the so-called West for inspiration. The argument is that they ended up adapting foreign models to their local and internal contexts. This dissertation challenges that idea and shows that different versions of education developed from a shared Atlantic milieu in which reformers in certain cities saw themselves as part of the same cosmopolitan empires.

During the vastly transformative stages of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, notions of the urban and definitions of childhood mutually intersected to create and define a modern Argentine landscape. The construction of new urban environments for children defined and reflected larger liberal elites’ definitions of childhood writ large. To better understand the production of this modern childhood in Argentina, this dissertation examines its other through the spatial-discourses behind constructions of childhood for the socio-economic lower classes - children who largely did not meet the expectations of the elite. I employ the use of both published and archival sources, from 1880 to 1955, providing textual analyses of the language of reformers – primarily state and municipal authorities, pedagogues, hygienists, philanthropists and urban planners – alongside spatial analyses of the built environment, including kindergartens, playgrounds, and open-air schools within the city of Buenos Aires, as well as a healthcare facility and themed park in the province of Buenos Aires. Urban intellectuals, educators and overall reformers increasingly considered play as paramount to children’s physical and psychological development, focusing on where children played, how they played and what their play meant. Childhood became a contested ideological space, constructed and negotiated alongside notions of Argentine national identity. By moving beyond textual analyses of professionals’ discourses, this dissertation not only contributes to our understanding of Argentine childhood, but also points to ways in which the built environment embodies modern notions of childhood.

This thesis sets out to explore the implications that transport infrastructures have on the production and perception of the urban built environment. Particularly, it focuses on the Victorian brick viaducts constructed to support the elevated railway in Manchester, England. It concentrates on Manchester’s post-industrial restructuring and re-imaging since the late 1960s, exploring how the presence of brick railway viaducts, as well as the uses beneath their arches, have impacted strategies for revalorisation in the wake of gradual deindustrialisation. In exploring the changing symbolic economy of landscapes dominated by railway infrastructure, as well as the shifting uses and images of railway arches, this thesis explores the interplay between political economy and the aesthetic and symbolic dimensions of urban regeneration. Upon establishing the mutually constituted history of Manchester’s elevated railways and its city centre and demonstrating how this 19th century process has shaped the form and character of the city, it excavates a cultural history of the infrastructural landscapes of the city. Special emphasis is placed on the uses and perceptions of railway arches, which have long served as symbols of dereliction and social disorder. These spatial and cultural histories act as a foundation for analysing how the city’s railway viaducts have been implicated in the re-imagining of Manchester as a post-industrial city. These histories and representations are explored in relation to property-led strategies of environmental improvement, industrial displacement, and heritage tourism along the southern fringe of Manchester city centre, focusing on three thematic and spatially bound case studies. These case studies rely on documentary data of planning and design strategies, interviews with elite actors involved in the re-imaging of Manchester city centre, and ethnographic observation. Using critical discourse analysis, the thesis unpacks the narrative relationship between dominant representations of these spaces and professional justifications for their material and symbolic reconfiguration.

A la fin du XIXe siècle, le fluide électrique a été responsable des transformations profondes dans la vie quotidienne de la société asturienne, qu'incluaient, par exemple, des nouvelles formes d'organiser le temps social, de planifier le travail et les loisirs. L'électricité a consacré la rupture dans la séparation rigide entre la nuit et le jour qui existait avant de son apparition, et s'est révélée comme le meilleur moyen d'éclairage en surpassant aux huiles végétales ou minérales et au gaz d'éclairage. L'électricité alors est devenue une image symbolique du progrès et sa brillante lumière a commencé à conquérir l'espace public, l’espace de travail et même le domaine privé, comme une métaphore du triomphe de la société moderne industrielle et en induisant des modifications dans les habitudes et les coutumes. Ce qui est proposé avec cette étude c’est, par conséquent, un projet de recherche capable d'établir les commencements et le premier développement de l'industrie électrique dans les Asturies, comme contribution générale à l'étude du processus espagnol d'électrification. Cette étude essaie également de déployer une ample vision dans l'analyse, capable d'intégrer les multiples facettes et les implications du phénomène. Surtout, il y aura une attention spéciale aux approches socioculturelles du phénomène électrique, comme ceux qui se rattachent aux loisirs, à la divulgation de l'électricité, l'électricité et les espaces de représentation urbaines, l’imaginaire et les représentations de cette énergie ou à l'électricité et la vie quotidienne ou l'espace domestique. Bref, il s'agit de développer une vraie histoire sociale et culturelle de l'électricité, de ses représentations et ses pratiques à partir en utilisant les Asturies, cette région espagnole, comme laboratoire pour analyser l'interaction mutuelle entre techniques, société et culture. / At the end of the 19th century, the electricity has been responsible for deep modifications in the daily life of the Asturian society that included, for example, new forms of organizing the social time or planning the paces of work and leisure. Electricity establishes the break in the rigid separation between night and day which existed prior to its appearance, and proved itself as the best way of lighting in surpassing other technologies as mineral or vegetable oils and gas lighting. The electricity then became a symbolic image of progress and its brilliant light began to conquer the public space, the workspace and even the private sphere, as a metaphor for the triumph of modern industrial society and by inducing changes in habits and traditions. What comes with this study is, therefore, a research project capable of establishing the beginnings and the first development of the electric industry in Asturias, a peripheral region in Spain, as a general contribution to the study of the Spanish electrification process. This study also tries to deploy a broad vision in the analysis, capable of integrating the many implications of the phenomenon. Above all, there is special attention to the socio-cultural approaches to the electrical phenomenon, such as those which relate to the leisure and the sociability, to the cultural outreach of electricity, electricity and urban spaces of representation, the imaginary of this energy or the relations between electricity, and everyday life or the domestic sphere. In short, it is to develop a true social and cultural history of electricity, its representations and practices from using Asturias, this Spanish region, as a laboratory to analyze the mutual interaction between technology, society and culture.