Lars Försters Artikel resümiert die Rolle der Stadt Chemnitz als Zentrum der sächsichen Reformpädagogik seit dem 20. Jahrhundert, wobei besonders die Bernsdorfer Schule und die Humboltschule berücksichtigt werden.

This dissertation focuses on lay Catholic ministry to Puerto Ricans in Philadelphia when Frank Rizzo was mayor. Gramsci’s concept of “organic intellectuals” is employed to explain the praxis of the Philadelphia Young Lords, an organization formed in a Puerto Rican neighborhood during the confrontational politics of the 1970s. The dissertation advances previous scholarship on the Young Lords by offering reasons to consider these youthful leaders as lay Catholic advocates of social justice in Philadelphia and describes the role of faith convictions as they pursued social justice in the style of the biblical prophetic burden. Through interviews and textual analysis, the dissertation traces the evolution of lay volunteerism before the Second Vatican Council as foundational to the Young Lords’ application of liberation theology. The Young Lords in Philadelphia also followed the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party’s definition of the people’s multiracial identity and the Nationalists’ defense of Catholic principles. Their experiences are inserted into the general history of Philadelphia, a city which Quakers had founded as a cluster of urban villages, producing a distinctive pattern of ethnic enclaves of Philadelphia’s row house neighborhoods. The city’s Catholicism had structured parish life upon the civic culture, and initially extended this model to its Puerto Rican ministry. However, racial polarization at a time of municipal crisis under Rizzo invited new pastoral strategies towards civil right and the Vietnam War. Despite the Young Lords’ reliance on Marxist principles and the confrontational politics of the Black Panthers, local Catholic clergy supported many of their efforts. The dissertation explores the symbolic capital gained by the Young Lords which made them into a vanguard organization in the city’s fields of political and pastoral interaction. / Religion

This dissertation investigates the modern American stadium from the late 1940s to the early 1980s, examining the ideologies that shaped these monumental buildings and the meanings people affixed to them. Stadiums were significant components of the modern landscape, frequently hosting massive audiences, costing tens of millions of public dollars, and uniquely symbolizing cities and their citizens’ civic spirit. Through interpretations of these stadiums’ architectural expression, spatial constitution, discursive construction, and visual representation, this study explores the ideological landscape of the modern United States, expands understandings of modern space, and examines what it meant to be “modern” throughout this period. A response to the old stadiums they replaced—largely masculine, inter-class, inter-racial, rambunctious places locked into run-down neighborhoods—new stadiums eliminated traditional and iconic sites of urban diversity, reconstituting sports spaces as modern, suburban, and technological. They re-gendered stadium space, integrating women into it as consumers and service workers. They re-classed stadium space, outfitting it with exclusive restaurants and private luxury boxes. They technologized stadium space, conspicuously loading it with exploding scoreboards and massive video screens. They re-racialized stadium space, relocating it from old ballparks adjacent dense African-American neighborhoods to open sites along freeways convenient to booming white suburbs or as anchors to clean-sweep downtown redevelopment. They fundamentally altered stadium experience, shifting emphasis from games on the field to entertainments and consumption opportunities around it. In doing all these things, modern stadiums materialized an ideological apparatus privileging a range of values and practices including gender distinction in mixed-gender settings, socio-economic and racial segregation, technological scientism, and consumption-oriented stimulation. Roy Hofheinz, the force behind the iconic Houston Astrodome’s planning and execution, fully understood the relationship of the material and the ideological; as he put it, “You’ve got to have tangibles to sell intangibles.” To illustrate these points, this dissertation engages postwar plans for futuristic new stadiums from designers like Norman Bel Geddes and Buckminster Fuller; the construction of new stadiums in the mid-1960s in New York, Houston, and St. Louis; and the increasingly routinized modern stadium of the 1970s—a controversial expression of modern progress for some, modern artificiality for others. / text

This dissertation pursues three overarching themes. The first of these is empirical: to illuminate the actual functioning of the property market in Delhi. After reconstructing the pattern of depression and boom from 1920-40, I argue that these cycles shaped the nature of participation in the market. During the depression of the 1920s many indigenous financial firms came to rely on property rentals and sales. Alongside these, a nascent sector concentrating primarily in real estate came into existence. Compared to planned state intervention, most of Delhi’s urban fabric was created by private construction. Analysis of the state’s relationship to the property market is the second aim of the work. The colonial state both embraced and was constrained by the commodification of land. Though it was the largest landowner in the city, it did not leverage this position. Rather than construction, the state was happier to act on the market indirectly. One means of indirect action concerned forms representations of urban land as commodity. Leases, advertisements and other documents were crucial for its circulation. The strength of the state in the property market derived from its role as enforcer and repository of representations of commodified space. A third aim is to study the forms of struggle engendered by urban property. Struggles over commodification of urban land, when they took collective forms, did not necessarily splinter along class lines. In fact, subsidised housing emerged out of caste, class and nationalist struggles. Conversely, the commodification of land was at issue in struggles that were not ostensibly about property. For instance, this dissertation tracks its salience for understanding communal conflicts over urban shrines. Taken together, the three themes constitute a picture of the city in which forms of capital accumulation – particularly those relating to space – cannot be ignored.

Cette thèse porte sur les rapports politiques entre villes et monarchie dans le royaume de Naples à la fin du Moyen Âge, à travers le cas de L’Aquila.Dans le premier chapitre, j’analyse la structure institutionnelle de la ville et ses changements entre le XIVe et le XVe siècle. Ensuite j’examine les modalités de fonctionnement des institutions, c’est-à-dire les moyens utilisés par l’élite politique pour gouverner la ville et se maintenir au pouvoir.Dans le deuxième chapitre je prend en considération les secteurs sociaux politiquement importants (marchands, notaires, legum doctores) et je considère le problème de l’aristocratie urbaine. Dans la seconde partie j’analyse l’élite politique de la ville.Dans le troisième chapitre j’examine la figure du comte de Montorio Pietro Lalle Camponeschi, dont j’étudie les éléments du pouvoir féodal, de l’hégémonie sur la ville et du conditionnement dans les rapports avec la monarchie. En outre je prends en considération son rôle en tant que leader de faction.Le quatrième chapitre est dédié aux formes de démonstration de la fidélité, aux relations entre système fiscal urbain et fiscalité monarchique, aux rapports entre justice urbaine et justice royale, aux réseaux diplomatiques de la ville et à la circulation des citoyens dans les offices du royaume.Dans le dernier chapitre j’analyse deux aspects des rapports ville-monarchie. La première partie est dédiée au capitaine royal, dont on examine les pouvoirs et la dialectique avec les citoyens et la monarchie. La seconde partie est dédiée à la mission du lieutenant royal Antonio Cicinello (1476), qui fut la première intervention directe de la monarchie dans la vie politique locale. / This PhD thesis concerns the politic relations between towns and monarchy in the Kingdom of Naples at the end of the Middle Ages, by the case study of L’Aquila.In the first chapter I analyze the institutions of the town and their changes between 14th and 15th centuries. Thereafter I examine the political processes of the institutions, that is the ways the local elite used to rule the city and to preserve its power.In the second chapter I consider the social groups which had a political importance (merchants, notaries, legum doctores) and the problem of the urban aristocracy. In the second part of the chapter I analyze the local elite.In the third chapter I examine the figure of Pietro Lalle Camponeschi, count of Montorio, his feudal power, his hegemony in the city and his ability to influence the relations between town and monarchy. Moreover I consider his role as leader of a faction.The fourth chapter focuses on the ways of demonstrating fidelity, the relations between urban fiscal system and royal fiscal system, those between urban justice and royal justice, the diplomatic network of the town and the flows of citizens in the royal administration.In the last chapter I analyze two aspects of the town-monarchy relations. The first part is about the power of the royal captain and the dialectic between this public official, the citizens and the monarchy. The second part concerns the mission of the royal lieutenant Antonio Cicinello (1476), which was the first direct intervention of the monarchy in the local political life.

Lys de la royauté ou croix de l’Église, l’espace des villes médiévales se caractérise par les marques qu’y ont apposées les institutionsmédiévales. À la fin du Moyen Âge, les nouvelles élites urbaines s’approprient ce marquage de l’espace public par l’image en yimposant leurs propres signes. Elles affirment alors leur présence sur la scène publique et artistique. Aux XIVe et XVe siècles, ledécor civil se fait l’expression tangible de cette transformation sociale ; des signes emblématiques et de petites sculptures figuréesinvestissent l’espace urbain. L’institution municipale fait édifier un bâtiment emblématique, l’hôtel de ville, dont le portail armoriéfait écho aux emblèmes qu’elle fait placer dans les lieux stratégiques. Les particuliers, à leur tour, transposent à leurs habitations cesmodes de représentation monumentale. Officiers ou marchands, ces hommes nouveaux couvrent leurs résidences de blasons, figuresreligieuses ou emblématiques. Les ensembles décoratifs, en les rattachant à un métier, une institution ou une paroisse, disent laposition sociale et les valeurs morales que revendiquent les commanditaires bourgeois. Ceux-ci, par la présentation de leurs insignespersonnels, de leur devise ou de leur nom, mettent en scène leur identité, introduisant dans l’espace public urbain des fragments desubjectivité. Des petites figures singulières et radicales se déploient : corps nus et exposés, scènes grotesques et allégoriques, quifigurent la déchéance possible pour valoriser le statut. Structurés et hiérarchisés, ces décors forment un système relationnel danslequel l’ascension répond à l’exclusion, signes d’un ordre social en transformation. / Whether royal lily or Christian cross, the space of medieval towns is characterized by the marks placed on it by medieval institutions.At the end of the Middle-Ages, the new urban elites make the process of marking the city their own by imposing their own signs onthe public space. Thus, they assert their presence on the public and artistic scene. In the 14th and 15th century, civilian decorationbecomes the tangible expression of this social transformation ; emblems and small sculptural figures conquer the urban space. Anemblematic edifice, the town hall, is erected by the municipal institution, whose emblazoned portal echo other emblems placed atstrategic locations. Private citizens, in turn, transplant into their homes these monumental modes of representation. Officers ormerchants – these men of a new kind – cover their residences with coats of arms, religious or emblematic figures. By linking them toa profession, an institution or a parish, these decorative programs state the social standing and moral values that those affluentcommissioners claim for themselves. By presenting their personal insignia, their motto or their name, they put their identity on stage,thereby introducing fragments of subjectivity in the public and urban space. Some singular and radical small figures begin toproliferate: exposed, naked bodies, grotesque and allegorical scenes that foreshadow one’s possible downfall in order to exalt one’scurrent status. Structured and hierarchically organized, these decors form a relational system in which social promotion dialogueswith exclusion : telltale signs of a social order in transformation.

This thesis examines the ways in which Frank Gehry’s architectural contributions to Los Angeles’ social and built environment have shaped the region’s “postmodern geographies” throughout the 20th and 21st century. Through a focused exploration of three of Gehry’s postmodernist structures in Greater Los Angeles—a house, a library, and a concert hall—this thesis analyses how Gehry and his designs reflected and affected the artistic and socio-spatial development of Los Angeles’ “decidedly postmodern landscape.”

Paris, capitale de la monarchie absolutiste, posa, dans sa matérialité même, des problèmes d’ordre public aux pouvoirs politiques. Ces problèmes, démographiques, hygiéniques, de circulation et d’organisation sociale (une mobilité accrue), entraînèrent la création d’une institution spécialisée dans la « police » de la ville : la Lieutenance de police. Cette institution, de 1666 à 1789, s’attacha à résoudre les désordres urbains matériels et sociaux, et pour cela déploya des dispositifs policiers nouveaux, pour lesquels elle mobilisa les savoirs du temps tout en en produisant elle-même (plus empiriques). C’est également dans les pratiques des agents sur le terrain que l’on trouve la réalité de ce qu’était la police d’Ancien Régime, qui consista avant tout à occuper l’espace urbain, à le marquer et à l’aménager à la marge afin de produire la sûreté et la propreté des rues. En ce sens, la prise en compte de la réalité urbaine invite à croiser histoire urbaine et histoire de la police. / Paris, capital of the French absolutist monarchy, was, by its materiality, a problem for public order. This problem was demographic, hygienic, and also created by bad circulation and social organization (a growing mobility). It was the reason of the creation of the Lieutenance de police, a specialised institution into the police of the town. This institution, from 1666 to 1789, aimed to reduce urban material and social problems. In order to reduce these disturbances, the Lieutenance created new police systems to control urban space, and gained scientific knowledge. It also created empiric knowledge. Police reality is truely a practice in urban spaces. This reality is found in the agents’ archives. They show the occupation of urban space, its arrangements, the inscription of police signs in the streets and, exceptionally, localised urbanism operations. The main objectives were the security and property of the town. This is why urban history and history of the police are joined within this study.

Desde finais do século XIX São Paulo vivenciou um intenso processo de mudanças, atreladas à transição da mão de obra escrava para a livre, o incentivo à imigração, a Proclamação da República, e a disponibilidade de capitais oriundos da riqueza gerada pelo café, o que permitiu sua expansão para outras áreas além do \"Triângulo\". Chácaras foram loteadas, novas ruas foram abertas, as ações governamentais que regulavam a cidade aprimoravam-se, e uma série de diferentes atores sociais entraram em cena, produzindo e vivenciando novos bairros. É a partir dessa perspectiva que o bairro do Brás surge. Procuramos estudar o bairro do Brás reconstituindo sua materialidade entre os anos de 1870 a 1915, com atenção ao seu processo de feitura, e principalmente aos seus agentes produtores, pondo luz especialmente nos setores médios que também envolveram-se na produção das cidades. Ao entrecruzarmos diferentes fontes, podemos imaginar os personagens e seus cenários de ação no passado, essencialmente a materialidade dos imóveis construídos, suas tipologias, seus programas edilícios, entrevendo alguns dos seus usos em seus respectivos endereços. Analisando a Série Obras Particulares do Arquivo Histórico de São Paulo, juntamente a cartografia, fotografias e outras fontes, podemos vislumbrar quem seriamos proprietários e construtores desses imóveis, bem como os agentes públicos que estiveram debruçados sobre cada pedido de construção solicitada à Prefeitura Municipal,ampliando a compreensão sobre o processo de urbanização do bairro atrelado às próprias mudanças que a cidade de São Paulo estava vivenciando. / At the close of the 19th century, São Paulo underwent intense changes as a result of the transition from slave labor to free, state-sponsored immigration, the overthrow of Brazil\'s empire and establishment of a republic, and increased capital availability due to the wealth generated by coffee production. These transformations allowed the city to urbanize beyond the historic \"Triangle\" that had been its center since the colonial era. Farms were divided into lots, new streets were laid out, government regulation was improved, and new social actors appeared on the scene. It was in this context that the neighborhood of Brás, so important to São Paulo\'s industrialization, was born. This study reconstructs the materiality of the construction of the neighborhood of Brás between 1870 and 1915. It focuses on the human agents who produced the neighborhood, especially the role of the middle classes, who were also involving themselves in the production of cities. By placing a variety of sources in dialogue with one another, it enables us to imagine us a series of characters and the stage they built as they played their roles on it - the materiality of the buildings, their typologies, and theirblueprints, envisioning, albeit imperfectly, some of the uses to which they were put. By analyzing the Obras Particulares series from the Historical Municipal Archive of São Paulo, along with cartography, photographs, and other sources, we can catch a glimpse of the buildings\' owners and constructors, along with civil servants as they leaned over each request for a building permit submitted to the city government. In so doing, this study enhances our understanding of Brás\'s urbanization, linking it to the broader processes of change that the city of São Paulo was experiencing.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:22:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela da Silva Santos Krogh.pdf: 6044610 bytes, checksum: 30dd5f8e6cd0ba3116ba1c77484fa9b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / The objective of this study is to investigate the urban reconfiguration of the City of Campinas in the period between 1880 and 1900. During the big yellow fever epidemics in 1889, the city was in poor sanitary conditions, lack of water and waste supply infrastructure and also with some flooding areas. Those conditions made this city a favorable place to epidemics diffusion in the urban area. In the period between 1893 and 1990, the actions of sanitary authorities were strengthen in fighting against epidemics and sanitary improvements among urban area promoting a urban reconfiguration of Campinas. The study evaluate this reconfiguration analyzing two different moments: from 1893 to the beginning of 1896, when there was activities from the city sanitary authorities, the "Intend?ncia Municipal" and from July 1896 to 1900, when the activities were under the responsibility of the Sanitary Commission of S?o Paulo State lead by Doctor Em?lio Ribas and also the Sanitary Commission lead by the sanitary Engineer Saturnino de Brito. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a reconfigura??o urbana de Campinas, no per?odo entre 1880 e 1900. Quando da grande epidemia de febre amarela ocorrida em 1889, a cidade se encontrava em prec?rias condi??es sanit?rias, com falta de redes de infraestrutura de abastecimento domiciliar de ?gua e canaliza??o de esgoto sanit?rio e ainda, com a presen?a de ?reas alagadi?as, condi??es estas que tornaram a cidade um local prop?cio para a difus?o de epidemias em sua ?rea urbana. No per?odo entre 1893 e 1900, a atua??o das autoridades sanit?rias foi conduzida com maior rigor no combate ?s epidemias e no saneamento do meio urbano promovendo uma reconfigura??o urbana de Campinas. O trabalho analisa esta reconfigura??o atrav?s do estudo do per?odo que foi dividido em dois momentos: de 1893 at? os primeiros meses de 1896, onde h? a atua??o das autoridades sanit?rias municipais, ou seja, a Intend?ncia Municipal e engenheiros da C?mara; e de julho de 1896 at? 1900, onde h? a atua??o da Comiss?o Sanit?ria do Estado de S?o Paulo, chefiada pelo m?dico Em?lio Ribas e da Comiss?o de Saneamento, sob a responsabilidade do engenheiro sanit?rio Saturnino de Brito.