Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Miguel Lopes de Sousa.pdf: 6012106 bytes, checksum: 1323993713eddd3ef4f5c93f6028f264 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-09 / This thesis intended to be developed by the present research, maintains that Housing, understood as integrated public policy, constitutes a determining component in the process of regeneration of the central areas in the cities, namely the historic centers. It proposes the study, through the analysis of paradigmatic cases of intervention in historic centers of cities in Brazil and Portugal i.e. Salvador and Porto the sets of constraints which allow the structuring of programs or continuing public politics, from which there were significant results in the process of rehabilitation and preservation of these centers. It is important, in regards to the present research, to put into context, not only the programmatic formulas but, and, especially, the conceptual foundations associated with them, in a way to understand the relevance of urban planning practices which are part of the housing issue and verify the forms of articulation and the respective impacts in the process of sociability and functional revitalization of the historic centers. Thus, by document analysis and by empirical observation of a set of experiments, which proceeded the configuration of housing policies for the historic centers studied, it is the intention to evaluate which transformations and concept development from which resulted significant contributions for the formulation of urban policies on handling housing shortages, typical of these and other centers. On the other hand, it is important to verify the circumstances in which the referred practices have not occurred, where the historical process demonstrates maladjustment or non-completion of the programmatic assumptions / A tese que se pretende desenvolver pela presente pesquisa sustenta que a Habitação, entendida como política pública integrada, constitui um componente determinante para os processos de reabilitação das áreas centrais das cidades, nomeadamente dos centros históricos. Propõe estudar, pela análise de casos paradigmáticos de intervenções em centros históricos de cidades no Brasil e em Portugal - a saber, Salvador e Porto - os conjuntos de condicionantes que permitiram estruturar programas ou políticas públicas continuadas, das quais resultaram significativos resultados nos processos de reabilitação e preservação desses centros. Importa, no âmbito da presente pesquisa, contextualizar não apenas as formulações programáticas, mas e, principalmente, os fundamentos conceituais que lhe estão associados, de forma a compreender a relevância das práticas de planejamento urbano que integram a questão habitacional e verificar as formas de articulação e os respectivos impactos nos processos de sociabilidade e revitalização funcional dos centros históricos. Assim, pela análise documental e pela observação empírica de um conjunto de experiências, que precederam a configuração de políticas de habitação para os centros históricos estudados, pretende-se avaliar quais as transformações e os desenvolvimentos conceituais dos quais resultaram significativas contribuições para a formulação de políticas urbanas de enfrentamento das carências habitacionais, típicas dessas e de outras centrais. Importa verificar as circunstâncias em que não têm ocorrido as referidas práticas, onde o processo histórico demonstra o desajuste ou a não concretização dos pressupostos programáticos

Fondée sur une démarche de terrain qualitative, cette thèse propose une analyse géographique de la pauvreté urbaine dans une des plus grandes villes du monde. La métropole de Jakarta, agglomération de plus de vingt millions d’habitants, s’affirme comme ville vitrine de la croissance économique de l’Indonésie et comme point relais de la mondialisation, où la pauvreté n’aurait, en somme, plus lieu d’être. Pourtant, en augmentant les situations de vulnérabilité de certaines populations, les dynamiques urbaines en œuvre contribuent à la mise sous tension de l’espace urbain.L’entrée par le concept de pauvreté en géographie permet de saisir la diversité des positions sociales et spatiales qui se conjuguent, se concurrencent et se négocient dans cet espace urbain, au gré des rapports de force en œuvre. Au-delà de la pauvreté en tant qu'état, il s’agit de prendre en compte les parcours individuels et collectifs liés au phénomène, en les insérant dans les trajectoires des lieux – depuis l’échelle du quartier à celle de l’aire métropolitaine.Plus que les seuls enjeux de définition, ce travail examine le rôle des représentations et des intérêts des groupes stratégiques dans la production de politiques urbaines profondément ancrées dans les idéologies dominantes, le néolibéralisme urbain notamment.Enfin, l’analyse croisée de plusieurs types d’espaces de la pauvreté à Jakarta et à Bekasi montre les disparités en termes d’appropriations et de pratiques de l’espace urbain. Ainsi, au-delà d’une dualisation de la société urbaine d’une métropole contemporaine, cette thèse pointe la segmentation des intérêts à agir des citadins considérés comme pauvres, selon leurs sentiments de légitimité et leurs modalités d’appartenance à la ville, ancrant alors la réflexion géographique dans un questionnement politique. / Based on qualitative methodologies, this PhD dissertation proposes a geographical analysis of urban poverty, in one of the biggest city in the world. The urban region of Jakarta counts more than twenty millions of inhabitants. It comes up as the showcase for economic success in Indonesia and a node of globalization, where one could expect the level of poverty to have decreased. Yet, current urban dynamics contribute to unsettle urban spaces increasing the vulnerability of poor people. The examination of the concept of poverty through a geographical lens allows to grasp the diversity of social and spatial positions and positionnings, from the neighborhood level to the metropolitan area. It helps also to investigate how they compete with each other and are (re)negotiated and interwoven under the influence of power relations. More than the mere situation of poverty, this work is based on a cross-analysis of individual and collective trajectories and spatial transformations. Further than the issue of defining poverty, this thesis explores the role of representations and the interest of stakeholders in urban policies related to mainstream ideologies, such as urban neoliberalism. Finally, a comparison between different types of poverty’s spaces in Jakarta and in Bekasi shows the strong differences in space’s appropriations and space’s uses. Beyond the idea of dualization of the urban society, this study aims to highlight the segmented interests of citizens, according to their sense of being legitimate in the city and their sense of belonging to the city. This shows how much the geographical inquiry is political.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Miguel Lopes de Sousa.pdf: 6012106 bytes, checksum: 1323993713eddd3ef4f5c93f6028f264 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-09 / This thesis intended to be developed by the present research, maintains that Housing, understood as integrated public policy, constitutes a determining component in the process of regeneration of the central areas in the cities, namely the historic centers. It proposes the study, through the analysis of paradigmatic cases of intervention in historic centers of cities in Brazil and Portugal i.e. Salvador and Porto the sets of constraints which allow the structuring of programs or continuing public politics, from which there were significant results in the process of rehabilitation and preservation of these centers. It is important, in regards to the present research, to put into context, not only the programmatic formulas but, and, especially, the conceptual foundations associated with them, in a way to understand the relevance of urban planning practices which are part of the housing issue and verify the forms of articulation and the respective impacts in the process of sociability and functional revitalization of the historic centers. Thus, by document analysis and by empirical observation of a set of experiments, which proceeded the configuration of housing policies for the historic centers studied, it is the intention to evaluate which transformations and concept development from which resulted significant contributions for the formulation of urban policies on handling housing shortages, typical of these and other centers. On the other hand, it is important to verify the circumstances in which the referred practices have not occurred, where the historical process demonstrates maladjustment or non-completion of the programmatic assumptions / A tese que se pretende desenvolver pela presente pesquisa sustenta que a Habitação, entendida como política pública integrada, constitui um componente determinante para os processos de reabilitação das áreas centrais das cidades, nomeadamente dos centros históricos. Propõe estudar, pela análise de casos paradigmáticos de intervenções em centros históricos de cidades no Brasil e em Portugal - a saber, Salvador e Porto - os conjuntos de condicionantes que permitiram estruturar programas ou políticas públicas continuadas, das quais resultaram significativos resultados nos processos de reabilitação e preservação desses centros. Importa, no âmbito da presente pesquisa, contextualizar não apenas as formulações programáticas, mas e, principalmente, os fundamentos conceituais que lhe estão associados, de forma a compreender a relevância das práticas de planejamento urbano que integram a questão habitacional e verificar as formas de articulação e os respectivos impactos nos processos de sociabilidade e revitalização funcional dos centros históricos. Assim, pela análise documental e pela observação empírica de um conjunto de experiências, que precederam a configuração de políticas de habitação para os centros históricos estudados, pretende-se avaliar quais as transformações e os desenvolvimentos conceituais dos quais resultaram significativas contribuições para a formulação de políticas urbanas de enfrentamento das carências habitacionais, típicas dessas e de outras centrais. Importa verificar as circunstâncias em que não têm ocorrido as referidas práticas, onde o processo histórico demonstra o desajuste ou a não concretização dos pressupostos programáticos

A dissertação baseia-se na Teoria do Desenvolvimento Geográfico Desigual, fruto das elucubrações e da inserção do viés marxista no âmbito da Geografia Crítica ou Radical, que desvelará a produção das diferenciações espaciais concernente ao espaço urbano. Apoiado nessa base teórica objetiva-se desvelar a produção do espaço desigual no bairro de Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, com foco nas Zonas Residenciais 3 e 4, pela leitura das políticas urbanas estatais, que fragmentam e restringem o acesso aos diferentes espaços do bairro, estabelecidas e influenciadas pelo neoliberalismo no momento atual da integração e acumulação do sistema político-econômico mundial estabelecido como Globalização. Ainda, verifica-se a influência dos agentes privados na formulação de tais políticas e na apropriação e produção do espaço. / This dissertation is based on the Theory of Uneven Geographical Development, born from the lucubrations and the insertion of the Marxist thought within the Marxist Critical Geography or Radical Geography, unveiling the production of spatial differentiations concerning the urban space. Supported by this theoretical background it aims to unveil the production of unequal space in the district of Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, with a focus on Home Zones 3 and 4, by reading the State urban policies, which fragment and restrict access to different areas of the district, established and influenced by neoliberalism at this moment of integration and accumulation of the global political-economical system established as Globalization. Yet, there is the influence of private actors in the formulation of such policies and the later appropriation and production of this space.

Fondée au XVIIe siècle, Fort-de-France a connu une longue phase d’évolution géographique et morphologique. Depuis une soixantaine d’années, les politiques nationales de l’habitat et du logement ont eu un fort retentissement sur les projets urbains locaux. Des opérations de rénovation urbaine d’envergure ont été décidées et entreprises au sein des quartiers populaires de la ville. Compte tenu des différentes formes du renouvellement urbain, une série d’études de cas a permis une analyse des transformations de cinq quartiers remarquables, à partir de la notion de « trace urbaine » qu’il s’est agi de décrypter. En tant que vestiges des pratiques sociales et repère spatio-identitaire, les traces permettent de réinterroger la mise en œuvre des projets locaux dans leur imbrication avec les politiques nationales et recomposent les modalités de réappropriation de l’espace par les différents acteurs – ordinaires ou institutionnels – en présence. Notre démonstration met en évidence deux logiques principales de mise en mémoire et de réinvestissement des traces, l’un directif et l’autre négocié. L’intérêt de cette investigation est de rendre compte des enjeux associés à l’effacement et au maintien des traces dans le cadre de la patrimonialisation puisque ce processus contribue à définir l’identité culturelle, la valeur et la richesse de ces quartiers. C’est donc dans une dimension à la fois sociale, spatiale et symbolique que se place notre recherche. / Founded in the XVIIth century, Fort de France has experienced a long process of geographical and morphological evolution. For the last 60 years on, local urban projects have been framed according to national housing and living policies. Wide-scale urban renewal projects have been decided and undertaken within the most popular districts of the city. As these urban evolutions were shaped by different factors, a series of case studies enabled to lead a detailed analysis of the transformations undergone by five conspicuous districts of the city, from a notion of “urban tracks” that we’ve needed to identify. As they are vestiges of social practices and landmarks for spatial identity, tracks araise questions about how they impact the implementation of local projects in accordance with national policies; and how they redefine ways of re-appropriation of space through all the actors involved – either ordinary or institutional ‒. Our study highlights two major logics of memory-making and reinvestment of tracks, the first being directive, the second more negotiated. The interest in such an investigation is to account for the stakes involved in the disappearance and the preservation of tracks within the framework of patrimony development, because these processes have contributed in defining the cultural identity, the value and the wealth of these districts. Our research will be led by these social, spatial and symbolic patterns.

A dissertação baseia-se na Teoria do Desenvolvimento Geográfico Desigual, fruto das elucubrações e da inserção do viés marxista no âmbito da Geografia Crítica ou Radical, que desvelará a produção das diferenciações espaciais concernente ao espaço urbano. Apoiado nessa base teórica objetiva-se desvelar a produção do espaço desigual no bairro de Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, com foco nas Zonas Residenciais 3 e 4, pela leitura das políticas urbanas estatais, que fragmentam e restringem o acesso aos diferentes espaços do bairro, estabelecidas e influenciadas pelo neoliberalismo no momento atual da integração e acumulação do sistema político-econômico mundial estabelecido como Globalização. Ainda, verifica-se a influência dos agentes privados na formulação de tais políticas e na apropriação e produção do espaço. / This dissertation is based on the Theory of Uneven Geographical Development, born from the lucubrations and the insertion of the Marxist thought within the Marxist Critical Geography or Radical Geography, unveiling the production of spatial differentiations concerning the urban space. Supported by this theoretical background it aims to unveil the production of unequal space in the district of Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, with a focus on Home Zones 3 and 4, by reading the State urban policies, which fragment and restrict access to different areas of the district, established and influenced by neoliberalism at this moment of integration and accumulation of the global political-economical system established as Globalization. Yet, there is the influence of private actors in the formulation of such policies and the later appropriation and production of this space.

Les villes de l’Europe s’efforcent aujourd’hui plus que jamais de soigner et de mettre en exergue leur patrimoine bâti. Dans le sillage d’une réévaluation postmoderne de l’objet « vieille ville », elles redécouvrent leurs propres quartiers anciens, autrefois négligés, et les élèvent au rang de patrimoine culturel. Cette promotion ne se manifeste pas seulement par la réhabilitation et par la mise en scène du bâti ancien, mais aussi par son intégration dans les stratégies de développement urbain. Dans le contexte international, et en particulier dans le cadre de la compétition urbaine, les villes se définissent de plus en plus à travers leur potentiel culturel tout en faisant référence à leurs origines historiques et leurs quartiers anciens. En effet, les quartiers anciens sont devenus les vitrines des villes, ils sont considérés comme des vecteurs majeurs d’identité et d’image. C’est en vertu de ces qualités qu’ils sont considérés comme étant aptes à attirer des touristes, des investissements, de la main d’œuvre qualifiée, etc.Cette étude a pour objectif de mettre en évidence le rôle du patrimoine urbain dans les stratégies de développement économique et urbain de Vienne et de Budapest, deux métropoles centre-européennes disposant l’une et l’autre de vastes quartiers historiques. L’analyse a été conduite sous l’aune de deux postulats, le premier étant que le patrimoine urbain est une construction intellectuelle du présent qui répond à des besoins actuels, le deuxième reposant sur le fait que le patrimoine urbain est fonctionnalisé en tant que ressource pour le développement économique et urbain dans le cadre des politiques urbaines postfordistes. / More than ever, European metropolises are concerned about their built heritage, its rehabilitation and staging. With the recent postmodern reassessment of the object “old town”, cities are rediscovering their own historic districts, formerly neglected, and are elevating them into a cultural heritage rank. Such promotion does not only appear in the guise of reconstruction of old building stock and its presentation but also by integrating built heritage into marketing and urban development strategies. In an international context, and particularly in light of competition amongst cities, they are increasingly defining themselves through their cultural potential by referring to their origins, their traditions and their built heritage. In essence, old quarters have become showcases of their cities, making them major coordinates of identity and image. It is due to these qualities that they are considered suitable to attract tourists, investments, qualified workforce etc.This study aims at examining the utilisation of urban heritage in the urban development strategies of Vienna and Budapest, two Central European metropolises, both of which boast a vast urban heritage. The study is based on two underlying hypotheses: Firstly, the urban cultural heritage is an intellectual construct of the present, which responds to current needs of society. Secondly, urban heritage can be functionalised as a resource for economic and urban development in postfordist urban policies.

Ce travail se penche sur la question suivante : pourquoi, dans des villes en difficulté, une part importante des ressources est-elle attribuée à des biens symboliques? A cette fin, la thèse s'intéresse à l'évolution des «politiques d'image» pour interpréter la mutation du pouvoir et des politiques urbaines depuis la seconde guerre mondiale. Ce travail se fonde sur l'étude approfondie de deux villes nées de l'industrie: Roubaix et Sheffield. La thèse propose ainsi d'affiner la grille économico-politique couramment utilisée par les études urbaines critiques en introduisant une périodisation en cinq temps. La première partie analyse l'apparition des politiques d'image dans les deux villes, au tournant des années 1960, comme reflétant un processus de « fordisation des politiques urbaines». Cette partie propose une division de l'ère fordiste en deux sous-périodes idéal-typiques, l'early urban fordism et le !ate urban fordism. Consacrée aux années où la désindustrialisation s'accélère, la deuxième partie met en lumière le rôle des mouvements sociaux dans l'évolution divergente des politiques d'image. Enfin, la troisième partie consacrée à « l'entrepreneurialisation des politiques urbaines» propose de subdiviser cette fois l'ère postfordisteen deux sous-périodes, l'early urban entrepreneuria!ism et le tate urban entrepreneurialism. L'évolution des politiques d'image, de leur production et de leurs cibles résulte conjointement de la poursuite du déclin de l'industrie dans la base économique des villes, de la fragmentation de la classe ouvrière et du rapprochement des gouvernements urbains avec les intérêts privés survenue dans les deux villes depuis la fin des années 1970. / This work addresses the following question: why, in cities in difficulty, is a significant share of resources allocated to symbolic goods? To this end, the thesis examines the evolution of the "image policies" to interpret the shift in urban power and policy since the Second World War. This work is based on a thorough study of two cities born of the industry: Roubaix and Sheffield. The thesis proposes to refine the chronological political economic analysis commonly used by critical urban studies by introducing a periodization in five steps. The first part analyses the emergence of image policies in both cities at the turn of the 1960s, as reflecting a process of "fordisation of the urban policy." This section proposes a division of the Fordist era into two ideal-typical periods, early urban Fordism and late urban Fordism. Devoted to the years when de-industrialization increases, thesecond part highlights the role of social movements in the divergent evolution of the political picture. The third section on "the entrepreneurialisation of urban policy" proposes to subdivide the post-Fordist era into two sub-periods, early urban entrepreneurialism and late urban entrepreneurialism. The evolution of image policies, of their production and their targets, jointlyresult in the decline of industry in the economic base of cities, the fragmentation of the working class and the closer cooperation of urban governments with interests private which occurred in both cities since the late 1970s.

Dans cette thèse, le graffiti désigne, négativement, toute pratique d’inscription murale qui contribue à altérer l’« ordre esthétique » d’une ville, produit par les pouvoirs publics. Cette expression permet de désigner d’un côté l’ordre, c’est-à-dire le pouvoir politique, que l’inscription d’un graffiti sur un mur vient troubler. De l’autre la dimension esthétique de ce pouvoir, c’est-à-dire quelque chose qui dépasse la simple régulation de l’expression politique et s’inscrit, plus largement, dans le gouvernement des espaces publics. Ainsi défini, le graffiti n’est pas seulement analysé comme un message, une déviance, un dommage aux biens, une pratique culturelle ou un art, mais il devient un concept opératoire pour la science politique. Cette définition en termes de « désordre esthétique » permet d’interroger les dispositifs d’action publique qui contribuent à produire l’ordre esthétique propre à la ville. Elle permet aussi de questionner les catégorisations, les problèmes véhiculés par ces dispositifs ainsi que leurs effets sur la construction du sens commun, sur les représentations associées au graffiti, et surtout sur l’aspect physique, matériel, et donc esthétique de la ville.Inscrite dans la perspective d’une socio-histoire de l’action publique, cette thèse retrace l’histoire de la « mise en administration » du graffiti à Paris, la production d’un « ordre esthétique » dans cette ville de 1977 à 2017. À Paris, la municipalité administre ces peintures comme des « souillures » à travers des dispositifs d’effacement portés par les politiques de propreté, mais aussi comme des objets culturels à travers des dispositifs d’encadrement culturel, portés par différents domaines d’action publique (aménagement, culture, tourisme). En retraçant la genèse des dispositifs de répression et de promotion des graffitis au sein de l’administration parisienne, cette thèse propose de comprendre la manière dont s’articulent plusieurs domaines d’action publique et d’analyser la construction municipale d’un problème du graffiti. Dommage aux biens, nuisance visuelle, facteur du sentiment d’insécurité, culture populaire ou art urbain symbole de la vitalité artistique de Paris, le graffiti est un problème public qui, de 1977 à 2017, connaît plusieurs redéfinitions dans lesquelles les acteurs publics municipaux jouent des rôles variables. S’appuyant sur des archives, des entretiens semi-directifs, des observations et des photographies, ce travail s’attache à rendre compte de la variété de ces rôles, des conditions de la redéfinition du problème et ses mises à l’agenda successives. Au cœur de cette socio-histoire de la « mise en administration » du graffiti, une hypothèse : la saisie du graffiti par les acteurs municipaux est révélatrice de l’ambition municipale de monopoliser la définition légitime du « bel » espace public, de l’image de la Ville, au propre comme au figuré. L’enjeu de la thèse est alors de mettre en lumière les conditions historiques, sociales et politiques de la construction de cette légitimité.La démonstration s’organise en deux parties qui retracent chronologiquement la genèse des deux facettes du problème public qui se construit autour du graffiti. Dans la première partie, on montre la manière dont les pouvoirs publics norment l’esthétique des espaces urbains à travers les politiques de propreté qui font du graffiti le résultat d’un acte déviant, une source de désordre. La seconde partie analyse la manière dont différentes actions culturelles promeuvent progressivement certaines formes de graffitis et opèrent ainsi une normalisation de l’esthétique urbaine. Il s’agit finalement de montrer quels comment les acteurs urbains organisent le contrôle de l’esthétique urbaine, quels sont les enjeux sociaux et politiques contenus dans la production d’un certain « ordre esthétique ». / In this PhD, the “graffiti” refers negatively to every practice of wall/mural inscription, which contributes to degrade the “aesthetic order of a city produced by the public authorities. This expression encompasses both the notion of order, that is the political power which is troubled by any graffiti and the aesthetic dimension of this power, something that overtakes the only public expression regulation and is part of the broader government of public spaces. With such a definition, graffiti refers not only to a message, a deviance, a degradation, a cultural practice or even an art, but it also becomes an operating concept for a political science study. This definition as an « aesthetic disorder » leads us to examine the public policies measures which contribute to produce an aesthetic order proper to the city. This reflection also allows to question categorisations, public problems and their effects on common sense constructions, graffiti representations and on the physical, material, aesthetic aspect of the city.As a socio-historical study on public policies, this PhD traces the history of the graffitis’ “administrativisation” in Paris, the production of an aesthetic order in this city from 1977 to 2017. The local council of Paris regulates those paintings as stains, through cleaning policies, with erasure measures, but it also regulates graffitis as cultural objects, through many cultural measures, carried by different sectors of the administration (urban planning, cultural and touristic policies). Tracing the genesis of those measures in the public local administration, we try to understand how the coherence between several administration areas is built, and we show how the graffiti becomes a public problem in this context. Degradation, visual pollution, source of insecurity, popular culture or urban art: from 1977 to 2017, the public problem of “graffiti” has been built around several definitions by local actors. Based on archives, interviews, observations and photographs, this work attempts to outline the diversity of the public local actors’ roles, the problem redefinition’s conditions and its successive agenda settings. In this socio-history of the graffiti’s “administrativisation”, our hypothesis is the following: the graffiti seizure by local authorities is revealing their ambition to monopolise a legitim definition of “the beautiful” public space, a legitim city image. The aim of this PhD is then to identify this legitimacy construction, its historical, social and political conditions of appearance. The demonstration is built on two parts, tracing chronologically the history of two aspects of the graffiti public problem. First, we clarify how local public authorities try to standardize (to norm) the aesthetic of public spaces through cleaning policies that tag the graffiti as a deviance, a source of disorder. Secondly, this analyse will focus on how different public cultural measures progressively promote some forms of graffitis and lead to a normalisation of the urban aesthetic. Finally, we show how urban actors organise the control of urban aesthetic, and which are the social and political issues hold into the production of a certain aesthetic order.

A presente tese busca compreender fundamentos e práticas da atuação do Estado sobre o urbano por meio das Políticas Nacionais de Desenvolvimento Urbano (PNDUs) elaboradas em dois momentos: uma no período militar, autoritário e centralizador, a PNDU de 1975, e outra na condição democrática, após a Constituição Cidadã de 1988, a PNDU de 2004, que assume a descentralização e tem o município como ente federativo. A pesquisa baseou-se em dados oficiais e pesquisas anteriores sobre essas políticas para investigar como foram concebidas e desenhadas pelo Estado, e se foram transpostas ou não em propostas e ações efetivas. Para isso analisou comparativamente fundamentos, razões e concepções de cada PNDU em seus contextos específicos, seus instrumentos institucionais, financeiros, legais e técnicos, bem como seus planos e programas implementados, de modo a constatar limitações que se impõem a essas Políticas. As constatações apontam para descontinuidades e continuidades, distinções e semelhanças entre as duas propostas. O autoritarismo, o centralismo e a ditadura de 1975 contrastam com a democratização e abertura à participação social e liberdades políticas em 2004. As proximidades se apresentam em propostas governamentais que pouco se efetivam na prática, políticas urbanas sem implementação, velhas ideologias que se revestem de novos discursos, mas se mantém sobre problemas que parecem crônicos: o clientelismo e o patrimonialismo Esse é o cenário sob o qual se pode observar as PNDUs, sem no entanto, esquecer-se que as cidades, bases sobre a qual atuam as Políticas de Desenvolvimento Urbano, são formas que refletem aspectos estruturais da sociedade e carregam o passivo de sua história e os arranjos sociais que se combinam ou se excluem, justificando e limitando a capacidade de impacto das PNDUs em seus contextos urbanos específicos. / This research approaches urban and regional planning in Brazil, and intends to discuss urban development policies at a federal level. The case studies employed in this work are the only two proposals of national urban policies developed in Brazil, during the years of 1975 and 2004. The research goals were defined in terms of comparatively analyzing the two referred proposals as directions to public decisions and actions towards urban and regional development. The research conclusions evidence that the distinct social, economical and political conditions of government, such as centralization/authoritarism, or decentralization/democratization, or even economic contexts can influence the contents and proposals of the urban public policies designed at federal level. There is also evidence that the manner in which the government is organized in this instance federalism - the intergovernmental relations, the decision making process, and the institutional, technical, regulatory instruments that support each Policy may limit the implementation of the plans, programs and actions of such policies, designed to improve urban and regional development.