Esta dissertação aborda o processo de revitalização do Centro de Santos em curso desde fins da década de 1980 até o presente. Ela está dividida em cinco capítulos. O primeiro busca enfocar aspectos relevantes do referencial teórico sobre intervenções do Poder Público em áreas centrais nos períodos Moderno e Contemporâneo e as aproximações possíveis com o Centro de Santos. No capítulo seguinte pretende-se investigar o crescimento e o apogeu dessa área, com a expansão do porto e as riquezas advindas com o comércio do café. O terceiro capítulo trata da decadência do Centro com a evasão das camadas de alta renda e a precariedade habitacional. O quarto capítulo analisa o processo de revitalização, considerando a questão da legislação, das intervenções e dos projetos para a área, sobretudo no período compreendido pelas duas administrações do PT (1989-1992; 1993-1996). O quinto capítulo continua essa analise para as administrações seguintes, de orientação política antagônica, do antigo PPB (1997-2000; 2001-2004). Por fim, a conclusão avalia o processo de ascensão e declínio do Centro de Santos e as mudanças havidas em relação à política de planejamento urbano para essa área no contexto contemporâneo. / This dissertation evaluates the process of urban revitalization of Santos City Center in course since the late 1980s. It is divided in five chapters. The first analyses the changes in the theory of central area public intervention from Modern to Contemporary periods and defines Santos Historical Center as the case study. The following chapter investigates the growth and the apogee of this area with the port expansion and the resulting wealth with coffee commerce. The third chapter deals with the City Center decay with the evasion of high-income strata and the resulting housing precariousness. The fourth chapter analyzes the law, the interventions and the projects referring to the area, over the period of two PT offices (1989-1992; 1993-1996). The fifth chapter continues these analyses during the old PPB offices (1997-2000; 2001-2004) with an opposite political view. Finally, the conclusion evaluates the process of growth and decline of Santos City Center and the changes in relation to urban planning policies for this area in the present context.

Les premières couronnes de banlieue parisienne et new-yorkaises, anciens espaces industriels, sont le territoire privilégié de l’expansion spatiale de la centralité parisienne recomposée par la globalisation de l’économie. Les conséquences spatiales de ces évolutions bouleversent les ordonnances et les hiérarchies existantes au sein des agglomérations urbaines. Les premières couronnes ont traversé une période de désindustrialisation et des phénomènes de crise économique, sociale et urbaine. Mais depuis les années 1980, elles sont confrontées à une recomposition économique du centre de l’agglomération, qui les confronte aux conséquences de la globalisation. Une typologie permet de distinguer différents types de choix. Certains espaces s’orientent résolument vers le tertiaire supérieur et l’installation d’une population de cadres aisés. A l’inverse, d’autres connaissent des évolutions économiques et sociales divergentes (intégration économique, pauvreté des habitants). Enfin, d’autres espaces s’orientent vers des fonctions résidentielles. Les politiques urbaines ont eu un rôle majeur dans l’évolution de ces premières couronnes, par le biais de régulations nouvelles entre les stratégies publique et privée. Cette thèse montre que les transformations récentes de ces territoires ne dépend pas seulement du contexte local, mais aussi d’héritages liés aux politiques urbaines, bien que les deux contextes étudiés soient très différents. De fait, les politiques urbaines tendent à produire des effets et des paysages urbains similaires, le paradigme de la croissance économique restant dominant. / In the core of Paris’ and New York metropolitan areas, former industrial spaces have undergone a massive restructuring of their productive and social profile. Global cities have dramatically changed for the past 30 years : their centres have regained economic power, and been gentrified. In particular, “peri-central spaces” or “first suburbs” faced a period of decline and deindustrialization, losing jobs and population, facing pauperization and unemployment. However, from the 1980s on, they are being restructured in connection with their specific spatial position neighbouring the center and are confronted with the impacts of globalization. Most spaces are oriented towards production, attracting office development and business services. Some poles of excellence have particularly gained from this restructuring while their population gentrified, and are competing fiercely for investment. Others are destructured urban areas where the economic and social evolutions are diverging (economic redevelopment versus increased poverty of the residents). Finally, other spaces remain more residential, with diverging social evolutions. Urban policies had a key impact on the evolution of first suburbs, the conjunction of private and public strategies creating the conditions for their redevelopment. This thesis shows that the recent transformation of these territories does not only depend on the local context, but also on long-term heritages and therefore on the choices implemented by local public strategies, be it in two very different contexts. As a matter of facts, urban policies tend to produce similar effects and urban landscapes, mostly because of the dominance of the growth paradigm.

Esta dissertação aborda o processo de revitalização do Centro de Santos em curso desde fins da década de 1980 até o presente. Ela está dividida em cinco capítulos. O primeiro busca enfocar aspectos relevantes do referencial teórico sobre intervenções do Poder Público em áreas centrais nos períodos Moderno e Contemporâneo e as aproximações possíveis com o Centro de Santos. No capítulo seguinte pretende-se investigar o crescimento e o apogeu dessa área, com a expansão do porto e as riquezas advindas com o comércio do café. O terceiro capítulo trata da decadência do Centro com a evasão das camadas de alta renda e a precariedade habitacional. O quarto capítulo analisa o processo de revitalização, considerando a questão da legislação, das intervenções e dos projetos para a área, sobretudo no período compreendido pelas duas administrações do PT (1989-1992; 1993-1996). O quinto capítulo continua essa analise para as administrações seguintes, de orientação política antagônica, do antigo PPB (1997-2000; 2001-2004). Por fim, a conclusão avalia o processo de ascensão e declínio do Centro de Santos e as mudanças havidas em relação à política de planejamento urbano para essa área no contexto contemporâneo. / This dissertation evaluates the process of urban revitalization of Santos City Center in course since the late 1980s. It is divided in five chapters. The first analyses the changes in the theory of central area public intervention from Modern to Contemporary periods and defines Santos Historical Center as the case study. The following chapter investigates the growth and the apogee of this area with the port expansion and the resulting wealth with coffee commerce. The third chapter deals with the City Center decay with the evasion of high-income strata and the resulting housing precariousness. The fourth chapter analyzes the law, the interventions and the projects referring to the area, over the period of two PT offices (1989-1992; 1993-1996). The fifth chapter continues these analyses during the old PPB offices (1997-2000; 2001-2004) with an opposite political view. Finally, the conclusion evaluates the process of growth and decline of Santos City Center and the changes in relation to urban planning policies for this area in the present context.

A presente tese busca compreender fundamentos e práticas da atuação do Estado sobre o urbano por meio das Políticas Nacionais de Desenvolvimento Urbano (PNDUs) elaboradas em dois momentos: uma no período militar, autoritário e centralizador, a PNDU de 1975, e outra na condição democrática, após a Constituição Cidadã de 1988, a PNDU de 2004, que assume a descentralização e tem o município como ente federativo. A pesquisa baseou-se em dados oficiais e pesquisas anteriores sobre essas políticas para investigar como foram concebidas e desenhadas pelo Estado, e se foram transpostas ou não em propostas e ações efetivas. Para isso analisou comparativamente fundamentos, razões e concepções de cada PNDU em seus contextos específicos, seus instrumentos institucionais, financeiros, legais e técnicos, bem como seus planos e programas implementados, de modo a constatar limitações que se impõem a essas Políticas. As constatações apontam para descontinuidades e continuidades, distinções e semelhanças entre as duas propostas. O autoritarismo, o centralismo e a ditadura de 1975 contrastam com a democratização e abertura à participação social e liberdades políticas em 2004. As proximidades se apresentam em propostas governamentais que pouco se efetivam na prática, políticas urbanas sem implementação, velhas ideologias que se revestem de novos discursos, mas se mantém sobre problemas que parecem crônicos: o clientelismo e o patrimonialismo Esse é o cenário sob o qual se pode observar as PNDUs, sem no entanto, esquecer-se que as cidades, bases sobre a qual atuam as Políticas de Desenvolvimento Urbano, são formas que refletem aspectos estruturais da sociedade e carregam o passivo de sua história e os arranjos sociais que se combinam ou se excluem, justificando e limitando a capacidade de impacto das PNDUs em seus contextos urbanos específicos. / This research approaches urban and regional planning in Brazil, and intends to discuss urban development policies at a federal level. The case studies employed in this work are the only two proposals of national urban policies developed in Brazil, during the years of 1975 and 2004. The research goals were defined in terms of comparatively analyzing the two referred proposals as directions to public decisions and actions towards urban and regional development. The research conclusions evidence that the distinct social, economical and political conditions of government, such as centralization/authoritarism, or decentralization/democratization, or even economic contexts can influence the contents and proposals of the urban public policies designed at federal level. There is also evidence that the manner in which the government is organized in this instance federalism - the intergovernmental relations, the decision making process, and the institutional, technical, regulatory instruments that support each Policy may limit the implementation of the plans, programs and actions of such policies, designed to improve urban and regional development.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:22:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Figueiredo D Agostini.pdf: 27697250 bytes, checksum: 6f5f7fe72e89a977fe3ebac1dc7070fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-18 / The Paranapiacaba's Railway Village is a living example of an urban agglomeration, scenario of socio-cultural events built by man in a memorable season, paced by technological advance, marked by antagonism of territorial and cultural occupations that consolidated its identity. With more than a century, the Paranapiacaba's village, built by the british company Sao Paulo Railway - SPR, became an important historical and cultural heritage, due to technological innovations introduced by the british in the nineteenth century, which enabled the construction of the railway, the use of modern rail equipments and the introduction of an urbanization model far beyond from the known in Brazil. In the period between 1999 to 2014, were developed and partially implemented a sustainable development plan of Paranapiacaba's village, called Heritage Plan, which aims to promote the social, economic and environmental development of the village, from tourism and preservation of some tumbled buildings in order to promote areas for visits and culture. This work aims to critical analysis of the so called Heritage Plan, as its design and implementation process, whose results depend on a set of forces and actors, as well as a non neutral system of decisions, fruit of technical-political postures and actions, in addition to tensions that engenders. Currently it is observed that despite this plan, residents do not seem to benefit from consistent results with regard to the development of the region. We look into what are the causes of this apparent stagnation and results below expectations, and this questioning is that led to the motivation of this work and the definition of its temporal and spatial boundaries. / A Vila de Paranapiacaba é um exemplo vivo de um aglomerado urbano, palco de acontecimentos socioculturais construídos pelo homem em uma época memorável, compassada pelo avanço tecnológico, marcada pelos antagonismos das ocupações territoriais e culturais que consolidou sua identidade. Com mais de um século de existência a Vila de Paranapiacaba, construída pela empresa inglesa São Paulo Railway SPR, tornou-se um importante patrimônio histórico e cultural, devido às inovações tecnológicas trazidas pelos ingleses no século XIX, as quais possibilitaram a construção da linha férrea, o emprego de modernos equipamentos ferroviários e a introdução de um modelo de urbanização muito além do que até então o Brasil conhecia. No período de 1999 a 2014, foi elaborado e parcialmente implementado o Plano de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Vila de Paranapiacaba, denominado Plano Patrimônio, que visa promover o desenvolvimento socioeconômico e ambiental da Vila de Paranapiacaba, a partir do turismo e da preservação de alguns imóveis tombados com o objetivo de promover espaços de visitação e cultura. Este trabalho visa à análise crítica do denominado Plano Patrimônio, como processo de concepção e implementação, cujos resultados dependem de um jogo de forças e atores, bem como de um sistema de decisões que não é neutro, sendo o fruto de posturas e ações do poder técnico-político e das tensões que engendra. Observa-se que apesar desse plano, os moradores não parecem se beneficiar de resultados consistentes no que se refere ao desenvolvimento da região. Indaga-se quais seriam as causas dessa aparente estagnação e resultados aquém das expectativas, sendo esse questionamento o que possibilitou a motivação deste trabalho e a definição de seu recorte temporal e espacial.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvia Pereira de Sousa Mendes Vitale.pdf: 10258350 bytes, checksum: e43deea1b6a47f3541c2b1ef80c3cae5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Conflicts between urban settlements and protected areas of water base. Model unsustainable urban occupation. Environmental degradation and reflection on the supply of natural resources. Urban policies and the pressure for housing. Decentralized and participatory management. Management of water resources and urban management. Integrated and shared management. Paraíba Valley: Paulo portion of the Basin of the Paraíba do Sul: Urban Conformation and delimitation of the regional territory. Basin of the Paraíba do Sul: physical division of the basin and the paulista region. The management of water resources in the Basin of the Paraíba do Sul: pioneering and conflicts of uses in the Basin. Urban management in the Paraíba Valley. Guaratinguetá municipality in the São Paulo region of the Basin of the Paraíba do Sul, in the Paraíba Valley: urban land use in environmentally protected areas current situation, municipal and environmental conflicts. Planning processes and urban and hydro-environmental management: different and contradictory objectives. Conflicts and similarities between urban management and environmental management. Municipality of Guaratinguetá: conflicts and similarities between urban plan and the Basin plan. Urban occupation in the areas of environmental protection of the Paraíba do Sul. Areas of environmental protection and conservation as points of convergence and interface for urban and hydro-environmental policies. / Conflitos entre ocupação urbana e áreas de proteção ambiental de base hídrica. Modelo de ocupação urbana não sustentável. Degradação do meio ambiente e reflexo na oferta dos recursos naturais. Políticas urbanas e a pressão pela moradia. Gestão descentralizada e participativa. Gestão dos recursos hídricos e gestão urbana. Gestão integrada e compartilhada. Vale do Paraíba: porção paulista da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paraíba do Sul: Conformação urbana e delimitação do território regional. Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paraíba do Sul: divisão física da bacia e o trecho paulista. A gestão dos recursos hídricos na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paraíba do Sul: pioneirismo e conflitos de usos na Bacia. Gestão urbana no Vale do Paraíba. Guaratinguetá, município da região paulista da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paraíba do Sul, no Vale do Paraíba: uso do solo urbano em áreas ambientalmente protegidas situação atual, conflitos urbanos e ambientais. Processos de planejamento e gestão urbana e hídrica-ambiental: objetivos diferentes e antagônicos. Conflitos e aproximações entre gestão urbana e gestão ambiental. Município de Guaratinguetá: conflitos e aproximações entre o plano urbano e o plano de Bacia. Ocupação urbana nas áreas de proteção ambiental do Rio Paraíba do Sul. Áreas de proteção e conservação ambiental como pontos de convergência e interface para as políticas urbana e hídrico-ambiental.

Cette thèse vise à interroger la consistance des politiques urbaines à partir d’une analyse des politiques en faveur de l’industrie mises en place à Lyon et Munich. Trois questions principales sont abordées. Existe-t-il des politiques urbaines de l’industrie ? Ces politiques ont-elles une consistance en tant que politiques urbaines et quels sont les facteurs, notamment institutionnels, participant à cette consistance ? L’analyse des politiques urbaines de l’industrie permet-elle de valider la thèse du « retour des villes » ? En caractérisant et contextualisant des systèmes d’acteurs dans des contextes nationaux et locaux différenciés, nous étudions les processus de production des politiques en faveur de l’industrie et analysons leurs répertoires d’action. Nous proposons une définition de la consistance des politiques urbaines qui découle de l’analyse du rôle des différents échelons de gouvernement dans la production des politiques en faveur de l’industrie, de la répartition des compétences, des instruments d’action publique mobilisés ou créés. L’entrée par les institutions révèle le poids des facteurs sociaux, politiques et institutionnels pouvant expliquer une autonomisation différenciée des gouvernements urbains et leur capacité à produire des politiques urbaines consistantes. Notre définition de la consistance d’une politique urbaine donne une grande importance à la capacité d’une ville à s’autonomiser et se constituer en acteur. Au regard de l’affirmation différenciée des pouvoirs urbains munichois et lyonnais, nous avons proposé de parler de « retour inégal », de sorte à pointer les conditions favorisant ou non ce retour des villes. / This thesis aims at questioning the consistency of urban policies through an analysis of the policies in favour of industry in Lyon and Munich. Three fundamental issues are addressed. Do urban policies of the industry exist? Have these policies consistency as urban policies and what are the factors, particularly institutional factors, contributing to this consistency? Does the analysis of urban industry policies validate the thesis of the "return of cities"? By characterizing and contextualizing stakeholder systems in different national and local contexts, we focus on the production processes of policies in favour of industry and we investigate their policy frameworks. We propose a definition of the consistency of urban policies resulting from an analysis of the role of distinct levels of government in the production of policies in favour of the industry, the distribution of power, mobilized or created public policy instruments. The institutional approach reveals the influence of social, political and institutional factors that explain the distinguished empowerment of urban governments and their ability to produce consistent urban policies. Our definition of the consistency of urban policy gives significant importance to the capacity of a city to become autonomous and to constitute itself as a collective actor. In view of the differentiated affirmation of the Munich and Lyon’s urban powers, we propose to speak of an "unequal return", to point out the conditions favouring or not the return of cities.

Esta Tese apresenta o estudo etnográfico realizado sobre os conflitos territoriais implicados ao processo de transformação da paisagem urbana da orla do Lago Guaíba, em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, por meio de projetos urbanísticos idealizados e implantados na orla sul da cidade, particularmente no bairro Cristal e suas adjacências. Em meio às situações de conflitos de uso e ocupação da orla, busca-se compreender como se opera, no tempo, a construção material e simbólica desse espaço da cidade, enfocando as formas como são construídos os pertencimentos e enraizamentos, as mobilidades e dinamismos urbanos dos habitantes destes territórios em disputa, expressos em suas narrativas. As concepções de tempo e espaço a partir das quais se desenvolve essa Tese articulam a relação dialógica entre duas escalas de análise: cotidianos e sociabilidades dos habitantes em suas formas de ocupação dos espaços urbanos em conflito; políticas urbanas contemporâneas em suas formas de normatização do espaço urbano. Pautada na ideia de existência de um processo de valorização do patrimônio ambiental da orla, a pesquisa analisa princípios, orientações e linguagens orientadas pelo ideário da cidade democrática, e que são incorporadas pelas lógicas de normatização da cidade no contexto brasileiro, a partir do ajuste “ambiental” da dinâmica urbana. Neste contexto, investigam-se as práticas e os sentidos atribuídos pelos sujeitos envolvidos nos conflitos territoriais em questão, enfatizando-se as continuidades e descontinuidades dos sistemas de valores, identidades sociais e memórias em jogo nesses territórios, evidenciando tensões entre homogeneidade/heterogeneidade de dinâmicas políticas e experiências sociais nos processos de transformação urbana. / This dissertation presents an ethnographic study about territorial conflicts surfaced in the process of transformation of urban landscape on the waterfront of Guaíba Lake, in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, through urban projects idealized and implanted in the south waterfront of the city, particularly in Cristal neighborhood and its adjacencies. Amid the conflicts related to the use and occupation of the lake waterfront, this study aims to understand how the material and symbolic construction of this area operates over time, focusing on the way social belonging and social roots, as well as mobility and urban dynamism, expressed in the narrative of the inhabitants of these territories under dispute, are built. The conception of time and space from which this dissertation develops articulates a dialogic relation between two scales of analysis: everyday life and sociability of the inhabitants on the way they occupy these urban spaces under conflict; contemporary urban policies and its regulations of the urban space. Based on the idea of an ongoing appraisement process regarding the heritage of the lake waterfront, this research analyzes principles, orientations and languages oriented by the ideas of the democratic city that are incorporated by the logic of the regulation of the city in the Brazilian context, considering the “environmental” adjustment of the urban dynamics. In this context, this study investigates the practices and meanings attributed by the subjects involved in the territorial conflicts, emphasizing the continuity and discontinuity of value systems, social identities and memories at play in these territories, evidencing tensions between homogeneity/heterogeneity of the political dynamics and social experiences in the process of urban transformation.

Les travaux sur l’informel dans les grandes villes du Nord et du Sud ne manquent pas. Tel secteur y est détaillé, tel groupe social y est étudié ou telle pratique y est décryptée mais aucun n’a, jusqu’à présent, traité l’informel dans sa globalité. La recherche concerne la Goutte d’Or à Paris, un quartier populaire à habitat social, classé Zone Urbaine Sensible (ZUS), historiquement investi par les migrants et où la gentrification est à l’œuvre. Dans ce territoire où l’activité bat son plein, deux formes de commerce coexistent : le commerce ayant pignon sur rue, tenu par des immigrants et la vente à la sauvette, pratiquée par des immigrants également. Cette coexistence dans la capitale française a suscité d’emblée une question centrale : quels sont la place, le rôle et l’avenir de ces formes de commerce dans une ville en pleine mutation ? La succession des vagues migratoires a abouti à une profonde recomposition sociale. Terre d’accueil des provinciaux, cet espace passe progressivement d’une enclave maghrébine vers un hub africain, d’où une forte identité immigrante, appelée africanité. Ce travail a pour objectif de restituer l’informalité de la Goutte d’Or dans son intégralité, d’en analyser les modalités sociétales et économiques pour en révéler les impacts et les enjeux territoriaux et politiques. / Works on the informal economy in the big cities in the North and in the South do not miss. Such sector is detailed, such social group is studied or such practice is analyzed but none has, until now, treated the abstract one in its globality. This research relates to the Goutte d’Or’s neighborhood in Paris, popular district with social housing, classified as disadvantaged urban area (called ZUS in France), historically invested by the migrants and where the gentrification is on progress. In this territory where the activity beats full sound, two forms of trade coexist: well-established shops, held by immigrants and the sale on the run, practiced by immigrants also. This coexistence in the French capital caused from the start a key question: which are the place, the role and the future of these forms of trade in a city in full change? The succession of the migratory waves ended in a profound social reorganization. Land of welcome of the provincial, this space passes gradually of an enclave from a North-african enclave towards an African hub, characterized by a strong immigrant identity, called africaness. This work has for objective to restore informality of Goutte d’Or’s neighborhood in its entirety, to analyze the societal and economic modalities to reveal the impacts and the territorial and political stakes.

Cette thèse apporte des éclairages sur la question des choix résidentiels en milieu urbain à travers les analyseurs sociaux et institutionnels. Elle débute par un constat : les caractéristiques du logement (son confort, sa qualité architecturale, sa localisation, etc.) déterminent les choix de résidence des individus. Les choix résidentiels s’inscrivent aussi dans un rapport complexe aux politiques foncières et immobilières, ce qui va imposer aux ménages d’adapter leurs décisions à leurs besoins, mais aussi à l’offre. L’offre est un élément primordial qui va influencer le profil des ménages à s’établir dans tel ou tel autre secteur de la ville. Lomé et Abidjan, villes que nous avons choisies pour mener cette réflexion, illustrent parfaitement à travers leur histoire, la manière dont les stratégies d’appropriation de l’espace procèdent à la fois d’un choix volontaire et contraint des citadins. En s’appuyant sur les théories économiques et sociales et en déconstruisant un modèle résidentiel unique, on proposera une approche plurielle des déterminants des choix résidentiels chez les citadins ouest-africains. L’un des enjeux de cette réflexion est la comparaison de deux villes, comparaison qui a été fort utile pour comprendre comment les aspirations résidentielles des ménages s’agencent aux politiques urbaines. La Côte d’Ivoire et le Togo laissent entrevoir des politiques nationales différentes en matière d’habitat : politique interventionniste de l’Etat pour le cas ivoirien et politique de laisser-faire pour le cas togolais. Ainsi, l’implication des dirigeants ivoiriens dans la production du logement a donné plus d’opportunités aux ménages abidjanais dans leurs parcours résidentiels. Cependant, la nécessité des réformes dans le secteur de l’habitat imposée par la crise économique qui a frappé la plupart des pays africains va contraindre l’Etat à se retirer dès 1982 de la production directe de logements. Ce retrait a permis le retour en force des détendeurs coutumiers et des acteurs immobiliers privés dont les intérêts divergents vont imposer de stratégies résidentielles à de nombreux ménages surtout les plus démunis.Quant à Lomé, le manque d’opportunités résidentielles dû au laisser-faire de l’Etat va associer les choix résidentiels des ménages à de fortes contraintes. Il convient dès lors de s’interroger sur la manière la plus pertinente d’accompagner la réalisation des parcours résidentiels ascendants des ménages par les politiques de logements et d’aménagement adaptés. C’est sans doute sur ce dernier point que notre contribution est assez originale : la pluralité des facteurs des choix résidentiels à prendre en compte pour comprendre, anticiper et répondre aux besoins des ménages. / This research sheds light on the issue of urban residential choices through social and institutional analyzers. It begins with the observation that housing characteristics (comfort, architectural quality, location, etc.) determine the choice of residence of individuals. Residential choices are also part of a complex relationship to the land and property policies, which will force households to adapt their decisions to their needs but also to the offer. The offer is a key element that will influence the profile of households to settle in one or another area of the city. Lomé and Abidjan, cities we have chosen to conduct this reflection, perfectly illustrate through their story, the ways of appropriation of space strategies derive both from voluntary and forced choices of citizens. Based on economic and social theories and by deconstructing a unique residential model, we propose a multi-faceted approach of determinants of residential choice among West African citizens.One of the challenges of this reflection is the comparison of two cities, which was very useful to understand how residential aspirations of households fit together urban policies comparison. Ivory Coast and Togo suggest different national habitat’s policies: interventionist country policy for the Ivorian and let-go policy for the Togolese. Thus, the involvement of Ivorian leaders in the production of housing has given more opportunities to Abidjan households in their residential course. However, the need for reforms in the housing sector imposed by the economic crisis that hit most of African countries will force the country to withdraw from 1982 direct production of housing. This withdrawal allowed the resurgence of traditional regulators and private real actors with divergent interests to impose a residential strategy in many households, especially in the poor households.Regarding Lome, the lack of residential opportunities due to the let-go policy of the country will lead residential choices of households to high constraints. It is therefore necessary to question the pertinent way to follow up the implementation of ascending residential stories of households through housing policies and adapted planning in an appropriate manner. It is probably on this last point that our contribution is quite original: the plurality of residential choice factors to take into account to understand, anticipate and meet households’ needs.