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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
171

Análise qualitativa dos enunciados de provas aplicadas em Ciências Naturais nos anos finais do ensino fundamental / Qualitative analysis of the test statements applied in Natural Sciences in the final years of elementary school

SILVA, Franciane da Silva e 31 August 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-10-17T21:05:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FrancianeSilva.pdf: 13165827 bytes, checksum: 4d942650ac2452e35cf7d0bb10dab72a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-17T21:05:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FrancianeSilva.pdf: 13165827 bytes, checksum: 4d942650ac2452e35cf7d0bb10dab72a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão / In the current context of science education, where still prioritizes the accumulation of scientific knowledge and the reproduction of concepts and theories elaborated by scientists, the evidence is considered to be the most used tool for science teachers to collect data enabling them to assess the learning of the students after a teaching process. These for your time, if they are not developed within a perspective that allows the student to reflective thinking, will have only the purpose of collecting data on the student's ability of learning about a particular content type. The present work had as objective to draw an analytical overview of the evidence prepared by science teachers and students of the 9th year of elementary school public school, with the purpose of describing the profile of that evidence from the analysis of the statements of issues, as well as understand the interrelationships between what is planned by the teachers and the objectives of the checks required on your main instrument of evaluation in the light of the theoretical framework of Neus Sanmartí and Iván Marchán-Carvajal, based on the guidelines set out in the national curriculum for science education. The research is characterised as a documentary analysis and the methodology used was based on structuring of qualitative research, content analysis of statements of evidence. 15 participated in the research science teachers, who work in the ninth grade of elementary school education Publishes network. We analyzed the plans of ten professors and sixteen students applied evidence of ninth grade in the first quarter of 2016. The results showed that the test is an assessment instrument provided for at all levels of teachers, for your time, address issues on the topics: matter and energy: General and specific properties; The Atom; Chemical Reactions; Arranging chemical elements: periodic classification. Of these, the most representative categories were "matter and energy" and "atom", together, they represent about .75 of the issues analysed, that means almost 75% of all questions. Of the 66 issues analysed related to the content of matter and energy, 80.4% were grouped in the category. This means that most of the listed, reviewed here, is presented directly, not to bring any kind of contextualization, IE, are questions without context. Questions of this type do not allow the teacher to evaluate students ' scientific knowledge, because the stimulate the learning of scientific concepts and theories. Because they are directly related with the memorization of content issues do not present connection with the reality of the student. This can lead to a lack of interest on the part of the students, by discipline, since, after the completion of the evidence, the terms and concepts stored will be forgotten, because what happened was only a learning content devoid of meaning to the lives of students. / No atual contexto do ensino de Ciências, onde ainda se prioriza o acúmulo de conhecimentos científicos e a reprodução de conceitos e teorias elaborados por cientistas, a prova é considerada o instrumento mais utilizado pelos professores de Ciências para recolher dados que possibilite a eles avaliar a aprendizagem dos alunos depois de um processo de ensino. Estas por sua vez, se não forem elaboradas dentro de uma perspectiva que possibilite ao aluno o pensamento reflexivo, terão apenas a finalidade de recolher dados sobre a capacidade do aluno de memorização sobre determinado tipo de conteúdo. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo traçar um panorama analítico das provas elaboradas pelos professores de ciências e aplicadas aos alunos do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental da Rede Pública de Ensino, com a finalidade de descrever o perfil dessas provas a partir da análise dos enunciados das questões, além de entender as inter-relações entre o que é planejado pelos professores e os objetivos das verificações exigidos em seu principal instrumento de avalição à luz do referencial teórico de Neus Sanmartí e Iván Marchán-Carvajal, baseado também nas orientações previstas nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino de Ciências. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como análise documental e a metodologia empregada foi baseada na estruturação de pesquisa qualitativa, fazendo-se uso da análise de conteúdo dos enunciados das provas. Participaram da pesquisa 15 professores de ciências, que atuam no 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental da Rede Publica de Ensino. Foram analisados os planos de dez professores e dezesseis provas aplicadas aos alunos do 9º ano no 1º bimestre de 2016. Os resultados evidenciaram que a prova é um instrumento de avaliação previsto em todos os planos dos professores, esta por sua vez, abordam questões sobre os temas: Matéria e Energia: propriedades gerais e específicas; O Átomo; Reações Químicas; Organizando os elementos químicos: a classificação periódica. Destes, as categorias mais representativas foram “Matéria e Energia” e “Átomo”, juntas, elas representam cerca de ¾ das questões analisadas, isso significa quase 75% do total de perguntas. Das 66 questões analisadas, referentes ao conteúdo de Matéria e Energia, 80,4% foram agrupadas na categoria Reprodução. Isso significa que a maioria dos enunciados, aqui analisados, é apresentada de forma direta, no sentido de não trazerem nenhum tipo de contextualização inicial, ou seja, são perguntas sem contexto. Questões deste tipo não permitem que o professor avalie os conhecimentos científicos dos alunos, pois os estimulam à memorização de conceitos e teorias científicas. Por estarem diretamente relacionadas apenas com a memorização dos conteúdos, as questões não apresentam conexão com a realidade do aluno. Isto pode gerar uma falta de interesse, por parte dos alunos, pela disciplina de Ciências, uma vez que, após a realização das provas, os termos e conceitos memorizados serão esquecidos, pois o que aconteceu foi somente uma aprendizagem de conteúdos destituída de significados para a vida dos alunos.
172

Afro-brasileiros e racismo institucional: o papel do concurso na democratiza??o de acesso aos cargos p?blicos / Afro-brazilians and institutional racism: the role of the exams in democratization of access to public jobs

PACE, ?ngela Ferreira 29 March 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-05T19:56:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - ?ngela Ferreira Pace.pdf: 1149010 bytes, checksum: 895783ef467cbc9c60ade82ef35d17bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T19:56:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - ?ngela Ferreira Pace.pdf: 1149010 bytes, checksum: 895783ef467cbc9c60ade82ef35d17bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-29 / The contemporary globalized scenery has brought people a greater range to information and hence to opportunities in the labor market. In this context, there was the emergence and the consolidation of public exam, as the main mechanism for admission to public jobs. It is believed that through public exams, there is room for all those who fill the requirements for a particular public job and have equal conditions of competition. This investigation has emerged from the interest of the researcher to understand the real role that public exams can play in the selection process for joining the public jobs, in Brazil, particularly, with regard to the access democratization of Afro-Brazilians to public service careers. It has been aimed to analyze many relevance aspects, since the appearance of the exam in the legal system till nowadays. Historical aspects that influenced the implementation of the competition are discussed as a mechanism of access to service employee career in Brazil, as well as the laws that rules this instrument, since the Imperial period. Emphasis is given to its importance as a vehicle for democratization by examining, therefore, existing legal regulations and documents on the subject. The research has a strong qualitative bias, using statistical data resources. The survey sample covers data extracted from SIAPE system in relation to self-declarations related to color and ethnicity of teachers and technical-administrative servers from UFRRJ, especially those hired in the past 6 years. It has also been adopted as methodological procedure, the application of semi-structured interviews with teachers of public universities, who are researchers of ethnic-racial relations in Brazil, coming from IES located in different geographical regions, following the method of critical discourse analysis, based on I?iguez, It has still been focused the influence of institutional racism in Brazilian society, from its roots and, highlighted, in the conduction of public exams, especially those who have stage presence. It should be noted that the analysis of material collected in the field has been made according to the basic theoretical research, as well as other academic support. It has been demonstrated how education, in the way it is presented is a major factor in perpetuating racial inequality and, therefore, hoe it interferes in a negative manner on the effectiveness of the meritocratic system. It has also tried to evidence how the system of compensatory actions can help to make up for the servile past to what the black people were submitted and how ethnic-racial inequalities were constructed and legitimated by the state, that insists on imposing them the myth of racial democracy that brings a scene of discriminations, prejudices and inequalities. / O cen?rio contempor?neo globalizado trouxe ?s pessoas um alcance maior a informa??es e, consequentemente a oportunidades no mercado de trabalho. Neste contexto, houve o aparecimento e a consolida??o do concurso p?blico, como principal mecanismo de ingresso aos cargos p?blicos. Acredita-se que mediante o concurso p?blico, abre-se espa?o para que todos aqueles que preencham os requisitos para determinado cargo p?blico, tenham condi??es igualit?rias de competi??o. Esta pesquisa surgiu a partir do interesse da pesquisadora em compreender o real papel que o concurso p?blico pode desempenhar nos processos de sele??o para o ingresso nos cargos p?blicos, no Brasil, em especial, no que diz respeito ? democratiza??o de acesso de Afro-brasileiros ?s carreiras do servi?o p?blico. Foram analisados aqui v?rios aspectos de relev?ncia, desde o surgimento do concurso no ordenamento jur?dico brasileiro at? os dias atuais. S?o abordados fatos hist?ricos que influenciaram a implementa??o de concurso como mecanismo de acesso ? carreira de servidores p?blicos, no Brasil, assim como a legisla??o que regula esse instrumento, desde o per?odo Imperial. ?nfase ? concedida ? sua import?ncia como ve?culo de democratiza??o examinando-se, para tanto, diplomas legais e documentos existentes sobre o tema. A pesquisa possui forte vi?s qualitativo, com recurso a dados estat?sticos. A amostra da pesquisa abrange um levantamento extra?do do sistema SIAPE, no que se refere ? autodeclara??o relativa ? cor e etnia dos servidores docentes e t?cnico-administrativos da UFRRJ, principalmente os nomeados nos ?ltimos 6 anos. Foi adotado, tamb?m, como procedimento metodol?gico, a aplica??o de entrevistas semi-estruturadas a professores de universidades p?blicas, pesquisadores das rela??es ?tnico-raciais brasileiras, oriundos de IES localizadas em diferentes regi?es geogr?ficas brasileiras, seguindo a modalidade de an?lise cr?tica do discurso, fundamentada em I?iguez (2004),. Foi enfocada, ainda, a influ?ncia do racismo institucional na sociedade brasileira, desde suas ra?zes e, em destaque, na condu??o dos concursos p?blicos, especialmente aqueles que possuem fase presencial. Ressalta-se que a an?lise do material coletado no campo foi feita ? luz do referencial te?rico basilar da pesquisa, bem como outros acad?micos como suporte. Demonstrou-se como a educa??o ? um fator preponderante para perpetuar as desigualdades raciais e, portanto, como interferem negativamente na efic?cia do sistema meritocr?tico. Procurou-se, tamb?m, evidenciar como o sistema de a??es compensat?rias pode contribuir para compensar o passado servil a que foram submetidos os negros e como as desigualdades ?tnico-raciais foram constru?das e legitimadas pelo Estado, que insiste em impor-lhes o mito da democracia racial, que traz na bagagem um cen?rio de discrimina??es, preconceitos e desigualdades.
173

Os concursos vestibulares das universidades estaduais paulistas e o ensino de Química no nível médio / The entrance exam of University São Paulo state and the teaching of chemistry at the secondary level

Amauro, Nicéa Quintino 17 September 2010 (has links)
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a influência do sistema de verificação final de aprendizado sobre as práticas de ensino de Química no nível médio. Para tanto, identificamos e caracterizamos o nível de compreensão do conhecimento químico solicitado dos alunos egressos do ensino médio Brasileiro para seleção dos futuros universitários. Focamos nossas investigações sobre as questões das provas de Química da segunda fase dos concursos vestibulares da Universidade de São Paulo e da Universidade de Campinas, assim como nas provas de conhecimento específico para as carreiras das áreas de Ciências Biológicas e Ciências Exatas da Universidade Estadual Paulista e os relatórios de desempenho correspondentes, entre os anos de 1998 e 2008. O percurso metodológico desenvolvido analisa as questões em três eixos: (1) tema do ensino de química, que se utiliza da Proposta Curricular para o ensino de Química do estado de São Paulo de 1998; (2) processo cognitivo, que tem como referencia a Taxonomia de Bloom e (3) o desempenho médio dos candidatos nas questões das provas de Química. A triangulação dos dados evidenciou o caráter normativo, orientador e controlador destes exames sobre o sistema de ensino que os antecede. / This work aimed to study the influence of the system of final verification of learning on Chemistry teaching practices in high school. For that, we identified and characterized the level of chemical knowledge comprehension required from Brazilian students egress from high school for the selection of future undergraduates. We focused our investigations on the Chemistry questions of the second phase of the entrance tests from the University of São Paulo and the University of Campinas, as well as on the specific knowledge tests for careers in the field of Biological Sciences and Exact Sciences from the University of São Paulo State and the performance reports between the years of 1998 and 2008. Our methodological route follows the questions in three axes: (1) Chemistry teaching theme, which uses the Curriculum Proposition for the Chemistry teaching from the state of São Paulo from 1998; (2) cognitive process, whose reference is Bloom\'s Taxonomy and (3) average performance of the candidates in the questions in the Chemistry tests. The triangulation of data made clear the normative, guiding and controlling character of these exams on the teaching system that precedes them.
174

COMPASS Placement Assessment and Student Attrition at a Community College

Griffiths II, Leslie Morris Samuel 01 January 2019 (has links)
Considerable research has been conducted regarding the usefulness of placement testing in community colleges. Many stuides show that using the COMPASS exam may lead to students' unsuccessful course completion. To better identify the factors that may result in reduced attrition, the relationship between attrition and placement testing was studied. Using Tinto's student retention model and employing qualitative methodology, this study explored the perceptions of students and faculty regarding whether COMPASS placement assessment predicted future student success in first year courses at a community college that reports higher rates of attrition when compared to other area community colleges. After completing interviews with the 10 students, 6 faculty, and 2 administrators, the data indicated that using the COMPASS placement scores did not contribute greatly to attrition. Rather, the findings from the data analysis revealed that work ethic, family obligations, and test stress factored greatly in first-year student attrition. As a possible solution, 3 retention programs identified at comparable institutions address the findings of this study: An Alternative Learning Program, a Summer Bridge Program, and use of peer mentoring. In other sites, use of these retention programs have resulted in a 15% reduction in first-year student attrition. Reducing first year student attrition provides implications for social change. By adopting these retention initiatives, the community college in this study may improve overall first-year student retention, increased funding for the college, and better serve the local community.
175

A Qualitative Case Studying Collaboration Use to Improve Listening Instruction in Taiwanese Secondary Schools

Chang, Pearl 01 January 2018 (has links)
Taiwan English teachers in secondary schools are facing a new challenge of having to teach listening comprehension skills to their students. Many instructors are not equipped to deliver adequate listening instruction although listening comprehension has become a benchmark for senior high students aspiring to enter a tertiary institution and earn a college degree. Instructors, students, parents, administrators, and members of the Ministry of Education agree that there is a need to meet the demands of the National English Curriculum Standards. Weimar's approach of learner-centered teaching served as the conceptual foundation for this study since the focus was on ways teachers could work collaboratively to learn evidence-based strategies for teaching listening comprehension skills. Guided by 4 research questions, the study investigated the perspectives of 4 teacher-participants at a Northern District Senior High regarding the process of teaching listening comprehension. In this qualitative study, an inductive analysis was used to define themes and concepts to discern any patterns and relationships connected with the data collected: interviews, classroom observation and unobtrusive measures. The findings showed that teacher-led peer coaching, via collegial collaboration, led to the building of teaching communities and more effective use of evidence-based strategies for improving the teaching of listening comprehension. This improved teacher pedagogy may lead to a positive social change whereby teachers have skills for teaching listening comprehension and students are better prepared for further schooling. Components of the project also can be used by other school districts and educational organizations where the administration can use the model to further advance similar workforce capacity in teaching L2 learners listening instruction.
176

Psykosocial arbetsmiljö inom Individ- och familjeomsorgen i Jönköpings kommun / Psychosocial working environment among hired personnel in the Swedish social care focused on individuals and family in Jönköping municipality

Persson, Tony, Lindgren, Daniel January 2019 (has links)
This study is a quantitative secondary analysis of existing data from psycho-social working environment questionnaires for the municipality of Jönköping. The goal of the analysis is to study differences between two parts of the individual- and family care, the public authority part and the outpatient care, as well as differences in sex and age-categories. To accomplish this, the methodology is to analyse the existing data from the 2015 questionnaire on psycho-social work environment that the municipality answered. This questionnaire is called QPS/QPS-Nordic and stands for Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work. Subsequently, significant findings of differences have been studied and discussed. The result of the analysis shows that while there are some differences, there is many similarities between the two groups. The study does not present any specific causes for the existing significant differences but clarifies which areas the differences occur within. Furthermore, the study gives suggestions for further research of how the differences could be clarified, and what the relevance is for future research into the Swedish social services work performance. The purpose is to spread information about Swedish social worker’s working environment and to figure out where there are any differences. Do social workers at public authority mark their working environment different from the outpatient care workers or are their similar in their beliefs. / Detta arbete är en kvantitativ sekundärstudie med målet att undersöka den psykosociala arbetsmiljön inom individ- och familjeomsorgen i Jönköpings kommun. Den jämför huruvida det finns skillnader mellan de som arbetar med myndighetsutövning och öppenvårdsinsatser men också skillnader mellan personalens köns- och ålderstillhörighet. Metoden för detta har varit att granska numeriska data som tagits fram ifrån 2015 års psykosociala arbetsmiljöenkät som personalen fått skatta sina upplevelser av sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö. Enkäten kallas QPS/QPS-Nordic och står för Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work. Därefter har signifikanta skillnader undersökts och diskuterats. Resultatet som studien visar tyder på att det förekommer vissa skillnader mellan myndighet och öppenvård, olika åldrar och kön, men mestadels likheter. Studien presenterar inte orsakerna till detta men klargör dock mellan vilka områden skillnaderna finns. Utöver det ger studien förslag på vidare forskning om hur skillnaderna kan klargöras och vad den har för relevans för dagens forskning om den svenska socialtjänstens praktiska utförande. Syftet är att ge mer kunskap om socialarbetares psykosociala arbetsmiljö och undersöka om  det skiljer sig åt. Skattar anställda inom myndighet på ett sätt och öppenvården på ett annat eller är miljön likvärdig dem emellan?
177

The Feasibility of Using a Markerless Motion Capture Sensor (Leap Motion<sup>TM</sup> Controller) forQuantitative Motor Assessment Intended for a Clinical Setting

Kincaid, Clay Jordan 01 December 2016 (has links)
Although upper limb motor impairments are common, the primary tools for assessing and tracking these impairments in a clinical setting are subjective, qualitative rating scales that lack resolution and repeatability. Markerless motion capture technology has the potential to greatly improve clinical assessment by providing quick, low-cost, and accurate tools to objectively quantify motor deficits. Here we lay some of the groundwork necessary to enable markerless motion capture systems to be used in clinical settings. First, we adapted five motor tests common in clinical assessments so they can be administered via markerless motion capture. We implemented these modified tests using a particular motion capture sensor (Leap MotionTM Controller, hereafter referred to as the Leap Motion sensor) and administered the tests to 100 healthy subjects to evaluate the feasibility of administrating these tests via markerless motion capture. Second, to determine the ability of the Leap Motion sensor to accurately measure tremor, we characterized the frequency response of the Leap Motion sensor. During the administration of the five modified motor tests on 100 healthy subjects, the subjects had little trouble interfacing with the Leap Motion sensor and graphical user interface, performing the tasks with ease. The Leap Motion sensor maintained an average sampling rate above 106 Hz across all subjects during each of the five tests. The rate of adverse events caused by the Leap Motion sensor (mainly jumps in time or space) was generally below 1%. In characterizing the frequency response of the Leap Motion sensor, we found its bandwidth to vary between 1.7 and 5.5 Hz for actual tremor amplitudes above 1.5 mm, with larger bandwidth for larger amplitudes. To improve the accuracy of tremor measurements, we provide the magnitude ratios that can be used to estimate the actual amplitude of the oscillations from the measurements by the Leap Motion sensor. These results suggest that markerless motion capture systems are on the verge of becoming suitable for routine clinical use, but more work is necessary to further improve the motor tests before they can be administered via markerless motion capture with sufficient robustness for clinical settings.
178

Faculty Senate Minutes January 26, 2015

University of Arizona Faculty Senate 06 February 2015 (has links)
This item contains the agenda, minutes, and attachments for the Faculty Senate meeting on this date. There may be additional materials from the meeting available at the Faculty Center.
179

Terceirização de serviços públicos e reforma gerencial: o caso Secretaria da Fazenda de Pernambuco

Espírito Santo, Ivanise Hosana do January 2010 (has links)
Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2011-05-11T18:12:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1418002.pdf: 12483753 bytes, checksum: a560661dc87d9f3dd1c934f881f37d98 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha(marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2011-05-11T18:12:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1418002.pdf: 12483753 bytes, checksum: a560661dc87d9f3dd1c934f881f37d98 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha(marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2011-05-11T18:13:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1418002.pdf: 12483753 bytes, checksum: a560661dc87d9f3dd1c934f881f37d98 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-11T18:13:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1418002.pdf: 12483753 bytes, checksum: a560661dc87d9f3dd1c934f881f37d98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / The outsourcing is considered a tool of management in modem times. This way of service hiring expands in any work sphere, public or private. In the latter, the economy globalization and the unstoppable competition across the world boost the productivity and optimization of the stages of production, replacing fixed cost by variable cost. In the public sphere, from the decade of 70, the fiscal crisis prevailed in the majority of discussions, suggesting the neoliberal idea of restricting the intervention of the state in the economy in order to contain the public deficit. Emerges the reformist solution of isolating, in a small group, the core business, which is exc1usive and untransferable from the state. By the privatization, one of the reform's axis, the social services are publicizable and the production of goods and public services are delivered to the market. This work focus on the measurement of the result that strategically subsidizes the Department of Finances of Pernambuco state, in terms of finance and administration efficiency, in choosing the most advantageous for the Administration, between hiring effective workers via public exams, in order to realize the supporting activities, or outsourcing. / A terceirização de serviços é considerada uma ferramenta de gestão em tempos atuais. Essa modalidade de contratação de serviços se expande em qualquer das esferas pública ou privada. Nesta última, a globalização da economia e a competição desenfreada pelo mundo impulsionam a produtividade e a otimização das etapas da produção substituindo custo fixo por variável. Na esfera pública, a partir da década de 1970, a crise fiscal prevaleceu na maioria das discussões, sugerindo a idéia neoliberal de limitar a intervenção do Estado na economia para conter o déficit público. Emerge a solução reformista de isolar num pequeno núcleo as atividades principais, que são exclusivas do Estado e intransferíveis a terceiros. Por meio da desestatização, um dos eixos da reforma, os serviços sociais são publicizáveis e a produção de bens e de serviços públicos entregues ao mercado. O foco deste trabalho se concentra na apuração do resultado que subsidie estrategicamente a Secretaria da Fazenda do Estado de Pernambuco, em termos financeiros e de eficiência administrativa, a escolher a opção mais vantajosa para a Administração entre contratar servidores efetivos via concurso público para realizar as atividades acessórias de apoio ou terceirizar os serviços.
180

Comparação de técnicas coproparasitológicas para o diagnóstico de protozoários e helmintos intestinais de importância médica

Ribeiro, Steveen Rios 18 March 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:56:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao de Steveen Rios Ribeiro.pdf: 4201771 bytes, checksum: 56acf4462c81abd472caf4c84eb8dd80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introduction. The diagnosis of intestinal parasites can be accomplished by different techniques of parasitological stool examinations (EPF), each with advantages and disadvantages according to the parasite to be identified. Aims. The aim of the present study was to compare traditional techniques of EPF (Spontaneous Sedimentation in Tube, Kato-Katz and Baermann-Moraes) with more sophisticated techniques (stool culture, detection of coproantigen and PCR) and two commercially available kits in Brazil (Paratest® and TF-Test ®). Material and Methods. Faecal samples from 160 individuals, a total of 356 samples, were analyzed by traditional techniques of EPF (Spontaneous Sedimentation in Tube, Kato-Katz and Baermann-Moraes), culture of fresh faeces and sediment of feces, detection of coproantigen, PCR for detection and differentiation of the complex Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar and two commercially available kits in Brazil (Paratest® and TF-Test®). Results. The technique of Spontaneous Sedimentation in Tube had better sensitivity (80.43% of occurrences) for the diagnosis of eggs and larvae of helminths in feces. The Kato-Katz was better for identification of eggs of S. mansoni (100% of cases). The method of Baermann-Moraes found larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis detected similarly to spontaneous sedimentation. For the diagnosis of G. lamblia, C. parvum and E. histolytica, kits for detection of coproantigen showed better sensitivity. The stool culture showed excellent results for identification of Blastocystis hominis. The PCR was able to identify and differentiate the amoebas of the complex E. histolytica/ E. dispar. Both commercial kits showed lower sensitivity than the spontaneous sedimentation for the diagnosis of helminths, but Paratest® was the technique that has shown better sensitivity for protozoa (66.66% of cases). Conclusion. For the diagnosis of helminths, the Spontaneous Sedimentation Method in Tube showed better results, except for detection of eggs of S. mansoni, best detected by Kato-Katz. For the diagnosis of G. lamblia, E. histolytica and Cryptosporidium parvum, kits for detection of coproantigen were better. However, the kit for the diagnosis of E. histolytica does not detect the species E. dispar, best identified by the ABSTRACT PCR. The commercial kits (Paratest® and TF-Test ®), while facilitating the collection and preservation of the sample, have lower sensitivity than the Spontaneous Sedimentation method in Tube / O diagnóstico de parasitoses intestinais pode ser realizado por diferentes técnicas de Exame Parasitológico de Fezes (EPF), cada uma com vantagens e desvantagens de acordo com o parasito a ser identificado. Objetivos. Comparar técnicas tradicionais de EPF (Sedimentação Espontânea em Tubo, Kato-Katz e Baermann-Moraes) com técnicas mais sofisticadas (cultura de fezes, detecção de coproantígenos e PCR) e dois kits comerciais disponíveis no Brasil (Paratest® e TF-Test®). Material e Métodos. Amostras de fezes de 160 indivíduos, totalizando 356 amostras, foram analisadas por técnicas tradicionais de EPF (Sedimentação Espontânea em Tubo, Kato-Katz e Baermann-Moraes), cultura de fezes frescas e de sedimento de fezes, técnicas para detecção de coproantígenos nas fezes, PCR para detecção e diferenciação de Entamoeba do complexo histolytica/dispar e dois kits comerciais disponíveis no Brasil (Paratest® e TF-Test®). Resultados. A técnica de Sedimentação Espontânea em Tubo demonstrou melhor sensibilidade (80,43% das o corrências) para o diagnóstico de ovos e larvas de helmintos nas fezes. O Kato-Katz foi melhor para identificação de ovos do S. mansoni (100% das ocorrências). Já o método de Baermann-Moraes detectou larvas de Strongyloides stercoralis de modo semelhante à sedimentação espontânea. Para o diagnóstico de G. lamblia, C. parvum e E. histolytica, os kits de coproantígenos demonstraram melhor sensibilidade. A cultura de fezes mostrou excelentes resultados para identificação de Blastocystis hominis. O PCR conseguiu identificar e diferenciar as amebas do complexo E. histolytica/E. dispar. Os dois kits comerciais apresentaram sensibilidade mais baixa do que a Sedimentação Espontânea em Tubo para o diagnóstico de helmintos, mas o Paratest® foi a técnica que demonstrou melhor sensibilidade para protozoários (66,66% das ocorrências). Conclusão. Para o diagnóstico de helmintos o método de Sedimentação Espontânea em Tubo foi o que mostrou melhor resultado, exceto para detecção de ovos de S. mansoni, melhor detectados pelo Kato-Katz. Os kits de detecção de coproantígenos foram melhores para diagnóstico de G. lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum e E. histolytica. Entretanto, o kit para diagnóstico de E. histolytica não detecta a espécie E. dispar, melhor identificada pelo PCR. Os kits comerciais (Paratest® RESUMO e TF-Test®), apesar de facilitarem a coleta e conservação da amostra, têm menor sensibilidade do que a Sedimentação Espontânea em Tubo

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