El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Sexual communication with partners informs risk assessment and sexual practices. We evaluated participant, partner, and network factors associated with communication about condom use and HIV serostatus and explored their relationships with condomless anal intercourse (CAI) among 446 men who have sex with men (MSM) and 122 transgender women (TW) in Lima, Peru. Generalized estimating equations assessed contextual influences on communication and practices with recent sexual partners. More frequent HIV communication was reported by MSM who: identified as heterosexual, compared to bisexual or gay; characterized partnerships as stable, compared to casual, anonymous, or commercial; or discussed HIV/STIs with close social contacts (p < 0.05). TW in concurrent partnerships discussed condom use more frequently than those in monogamous relationships (p < 0.05). Condom use discussions and alcohol use among MSM were associated with CAI (p < 0.05). Findings highlight complexity in sexual decision-making and call for further study of conversation content and practices to inform HIV prevention messaging. / National Institutes of Health / Revisión por pares

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In my graduation thesis I have considered how the nature protection is being negotiated and legitimated within the case of canoeing on the river Teplá Vltava in NP Šumava. I have identified the human and non-human actors' network influencing the case and addressed the role they've played during the negotiation process. Based on the qualitative analyses of semi-structured interviews and documents I have revealed the key factors determining the actors' attitude towards the process. The conception of nature and the reference to the place have been revealed as the most important ones. In connection to both of them I have tried to find out the way how actors interpret the key factors and what kind of consequences it takes with. Through the factors I have reconstructed the whole case and analyzed how the actors use politics and expertise as their strategy within the decision making process. The whole study is based on the theory of social construction of reality (Berger and Luckham 1999) and the actor-network theory (Latour 2003). Key words: nature protection, actor-network, negotiation, decision-making process, canoying, pearloyster, Teplá Vltava, NP Šumava.

This diploma thesis "Application of the theory of the process of forming coalitions of regional councils in the Czech Republic after the elections in 2008 and 2012" discusses the process of establishing regional coalitions in the region of the South Moravian and the Central Bohemia. The aim is to answer the question of what form of the regional coalitions formed during the regional elections. Furthermore, I was describe how did the process of establishing regional coalitions and what were the key factors, that decide the outcome of negotiations. For these reasons, this thesis analyzed the official declaration of election programs, performances by regional politicians in political or public debate. The intention of this thesis is through the use of a theoretical framework and analysis of documents, describe in detail the development process, which was formed coalition and identify possible strategies of individual actors. The paper used discourse analysis. Keywords coalition, county, election, negotiation, council, political party

Previous research has shown that many couple relationships strive towards a moreequal relationship through negotiations within the household. However, this has beendictated when it comes to heterosexual relationships. The purpose of this study is to getan explanation of how male couples in relationships within a household navigate theirway through everyday life with an emphasis on household tasks and unpaid work. Thedata in the study has been gathered through a qualitative research method where nineinterviews have been conducted, four of which were couple interviews and five weresingle interviews. Our empirical data are analyzed on the basis of the theoreticalframework and concepts that we present in this study and should clarify howhomosexual men do or deviate from doing gender, with an emphasis on negotiationwithin the household. A definition of the concepts of sex and gender is made to clarify the differencebetween them. The theories used in this study are thoroughly explained in the studyand are as follows: Gender roles, gender-creating theory (doing gender theory), gendercontracts and gender order. Based on our interviewees, we can conclude that the vastmajority of homosexual men who was interviewed had conducted a formal negotiationwhether the negotiation took place before the relationship began or at the beginning.The majority of our interviewees also made gender by imitating the heterosexual scriptand creating categorization of male and female tasks to make the division morerecognizable and socially ingrained.

Vårt syfte med examensarbetet är att skapa en fördjupad förståelse för hur barn i 3-5 årsåldern förhandlar i den fria leken. Studien besvarar tre frågeställningar; Vilka förhandlingsstrategier använder sig de äldre barnen i förskolan sig av? Vad förhandlar barn om i den fria leken? Vad leder barnens förhandlingar till? Studien utgår från teorier kring perspektivtagning, copingstrategier, turtagning och tolkningsbar reproduktion samt aktuell forskning kring förhandlingar och förhandlingsstrategier hos barn, för att tolka de olika förhandlingsstategierna. Genom att observera barnen vid ett antal tillfällen i den fria leken fick vi ihop data att kunna analysera barnens förhandlingssituationer vid olika tillfällen. I rollen som observatör valde vi att vara passiva och inte påverka barnens förhandlingar. Under observationerna var barnen medvetna om att vi studerade deras lek. Resultatet pekar på att de äldre barnen på förskolan använder sig av verbala förhandlingsstrategier i första hand. Att inte svara på förfrågan var däremot en ickeverbal strategi som det visade sig att många barn också använde sig av, oftast i försök att få sin egen vilja igenom. Ifall barnen inte kunde enas om vilken aktivitet som skulle ske i leken, bytte de ofta aktivitet till något annat som en kompromiss. Barnen förhandlade oftast om lekscenarion, lekobjekt eller plats. Med plats menas var barn eller lekobjekt ska vara placerade i leken. Det var få förhandlingar som inte berörde dessa tre aspekter, vilket kan bero på att vi endast observerade barnen i deras fria lek.

Collaborative processes are widely used to harness resources for addressing community problems. Despite their positive potential, collaborative projects can fragment. Sources of fragmentation include participant misperception of facts, difficulties in defining the problem, and misunderstandings among stakeholders. Disruptions from these elements may impede a group's progress in fostering and implementing agreements. Theoretical and empirical research from conflict resolution has shown that discussing participant interests and the use of facilitation techniques can help negotiators engage in innovative problem solving. Interests are participants' underlying needs, concerns, and desires that shape how individuals perceive issues and the stances they take. Less attention has been given to designing multi–party collaborative processes so that participant interests are explicitly defined and addressed. This comparative case study used mixed methods to examine the role of interests on the evolution of five successfully implemented multi-party collaborative cases. The research examined how participant interests were identified, how facilitation techniques were used, and how stakeholders' interests were addressed in each case. Results show that in all cases, identifying participant interests helped participants understand the central problems, seek information, and use creative problem solving. The use of techniques such as clarifying questions and shared learning experiences in the context of regular face-to–face meetings fostered participant understanding of the issues and each others' interests. In four of the five cases, participants' understanding of other stakeholders' interests affected their perspective on the issues, improved understanding of individual barriers, shaped the agreement, and motivated participants to stay committed to the project. Project staff members and participant leaders used facilitation techniques for identifying actors'’ substantive interests and clarifying issues. These techniques addressed participant relationship and process interests. In the cases with higher levels of fragmentation, participant interests were connected to values, individuals used competitive bargaining tactics, and trust influenced the willingness of participants to share interests. Facilitation techniques were crucial for encouraging trust building among stakeholders and for managing disruptions. These findings indicate that managers will increase problem solving capacity in collaborative processes by explicitly using negotiation-–based facilitation techniques to identify and address participant interests.

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