Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:07:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Texto completo Washington Soares.pdf: 1086256 bytes, checksum: 4367d8566be86f0622c227da3d2c1002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-03 / The work aims to analyze the civilizing process employed by the Jesuits in the missions of Guairá between the years 1609 and 1632, with reference to the central theoretical concept of cultural negociation, as conceived by Hommi Bhabha. According to our hypothesis, the introduction of the eurochristian culture among the Guarani took place through intense cultural negotiation between the parties involved. This movement inaugurated the construction of intersubjective bridges between the Indians and the religious, which therefore resulted in a hybrid culture, with aspects of both the Guarani and the Christian cultures, redefined in the missionary area, that will be treated as an in-between place. We will discuss the interpretation of the cultural practices of the Guarani, their appropriation and further representation of the Gentile Indian and the Reduced Indian. The sources that feed our approach include, in particular, the writings of Father Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, one of the pioneers of reductional experience in the region. / O trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o processo civilizador empregado pelos jesuítas nas missões do Guairá entre os anos de 1609 e 1632, tendo como referência teórica central o conceito de negociação cultural, assim como concebido por Hommi Bhabha. De acordo com a nossa hipótese, a introdução da cultura eurocristã entre os Guarani se deu mediante intensa negociação cultural entre as partes envolvidas. Esse movimento inaugurou a construção de pontes intersubjetivas entre indígenas e religiosos, o que resultou, por consequência, na origem de uma cultura híbrida, que mesclou aspectos da cultura Guarani e Cristã, ressignificando-os em um espaço missioneiro, que será tratado como um entre-lugar. Analisaremos a interpretação das práticas culturais dos Guarani, a sua apropriação e a posterior representação da identidade do índio gentio e do índio reduzido. As fontes que alimentam a nossa abordagem contemplam, sobretudo, os escritos do Padre Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, um dos pioneiros da experiência reducional na região.

Esta dissertação analisa a questão dos deslocamentos emigratórios latinos americanos a partir das histórias orais de vida de uma família de bolivianos residente na cidade de São Paulo e de sua rede social afetiva. Além disso, estabelece um diálogo com as entrevistas dos pesquisadores bolivianos por meio da história oral temática confeccionada para este trabalho. Ao utilizar dois gêneros de historia oral, temos como perspectiva que esta dissertação contribua para os estudos migratórios contemporâneos. A temática central dessa pesquisa é verificar com se dá o processo de negociação de identidades entre a primeira e segunda geração da família boliviana escolhida para tal estudo, assim como entender o processo de mediação das identidades dos emigrantes com a sociedade brasileira. As identidades e as trajetórias de vida são concebidas como heterogêneas, em processo, em trânsito, articuladas por zonas de contato e trocas culturais. As memórias dos colaboradores revelaram campos de disputas, manifestam a diversidade e as ambiguidades das lembranças e esquecimentos. Deste modo, percebemos que as lembranças dos narradores são reelaboradas e passam por reapropriações culturais nos processos de deslocamentos continental e transfronteiriços no cenário latino americano. / This dissertation examines the question of Latin American emigration movements through life history interviews from a single family of Bolivian residents living in São Paulo and its affective social network. In addition, thematic oral history interviews with Bolivian intellectuals are analyzed. As a result of its use of two kinds of oral history interviewing methodologies, this dissertation contributes to contemporary migration studies. The central themes of this research are the negotiation of identities between the first and second generations of the family chosen for this study, and the mediation of the identities of Bolivian immigrants within Brazilian society. The identities and life trajectories of the narrators are perceived as heterogeneous, in process, in transit, and articulated by zones of contact and cultural exchanges. Recorded narrations reveal fields of conflict, and show diversity, ambiguity, and silences. Thus, we find that narrators memories are re-elaborated and go through a process of cultural appropriation as they cross borders and are dislocated within the Latin American continent.

Este estudo contribui para a compreensão da formação da fração industrial da burguesia de São Paulo. Procuramos examinar a atuação da patronal da indústria a partir dos conflitos e negociações ocorridos desde este acontecimento, buscando apreender a experiência de coesão e organização do empresariado industrial de São Paulo. Nossa hipótese principal é de que, tal como o operariado, a patronal industrial também passou a se organizar e se mobilizar de forma mais consciente e programática. O que se pode inferir na análise de sua atuação nas greves gerais de 1919 e 1920. Em ambas as greves, posteriores a 1917, notamos uma atuação coesa no processo de negociação, com destaque para a forma organizacional das entidades patronais, tais como o Centro Industrial de Fiação e Tecelagem de São Paulo e a Associação Paulista das Indústrias Mecânicas e Metalúrgicas. / This study contributes to the compreehension of the establishing of the industrial fraction of the bourgeosie of Sao Paulo. We seek to examine the Sao Paulo industry employers actions from conflicts and negotiations that have occured since this event, trying to understand their experience of organization and cohesiveness. Our main hypothesis is that, as well as the working class, the industrial employers also began to organize and mobilize themselves in a more consciously and programmatically way. What can be inferred from the analysis of their action in the general strikes of 1919 and 1920. In both strikes, subsequent to 1917, we observed a cohesive representation in the negotiation process, highlighting the organizational form of the employers, such as the Spinning and Weaving Industrial Center of Sao Paulo and the Metallurgical and Mechanical Industry Association of Sao Paulo.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-02-20T18:12:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 gisleneteixeiracoelho.pdf: 627708 bytes, checksum: 6e767bcfba4d9ec2347e56094caeb586 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-20T19:51:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gisleneteixeiracoelho.pdf: 627708 bytes, checksum: 6e767bcfba4d9ec2347e56094caeb586 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-20T19:51:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gisleneteixeiracoelho.pdf: 627708 bytes, checksum: 6e767bcfba4d9ec2347e56094caeb586 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-20T19:51:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gisleneteixeiracoelho.pdf: 627708 bytes, checksum: 6e767bcfba4d9ec2347e56094caeb586 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-04-27 / Esta dissertação desenvolve suas questões a partir de duas obras de Nélida Píñon: o romance Tebas do meu coração (1974) e a obra crítica Presumível coração da América (2002). A autora recorre aos recursos do (neo)barroco de modo a desconstruir a representação convencional do mundo e ampliar o sentido da obra. Segundo nossa leitura, o discurso (neo)barroco pode ser utilizado como uma forma de refletir (sobre) a formação mestiça da América Latina, levantando e problematizando questões que envolvem sua história, sua memória e sua identidade. Trabalhamos ainda com a idéia da utopia, pois lemos na obra a tentativa de elaboração de um projeto utópico, que põe em xeque o antigo projeto utópico-civilizatório europeu, baseado na dominação e repressão da alteridade. A partir de categorias teóricas, como utopias, contra-utopias, não-lugar e heterotopia, estabelecemos um contraponto à Utopia européia. Utilizamos a heterotopia como uma noção válida para a América Latina por se basear em novos conceitos como descentramento, negociação e abertura, os quais discutem antigos paradigmas. O trabalho reflete também sobre a complexa relação entre Literatura e subalternidade e sobre o exercício inclusivo da literatura (neo)barroca que representa o subalterno como alteridade e apresenta a razão mestiça como uma forma de pensar e produzir literatura e teoria. / This dissertation develops its questions from two works from Nélida Píñon: the novel Tebas do meu coração (1974) and the critical work Presumível coração da América (2002). The author turns to the (neo)baroque resources in order to disconstruct the conventional world representation and to widen the meaning of the work. According to our reading, the (neo)baroque discourse can be utilized as a way to reflect (about) the mestiza formation of Latin America, raising and discussing questions that involve its history, its memory and its identity. We still work with the utopia idea, because we read in the work the tentative of elaboration of a utopian project, which debates the old utopian-civilizing project, based on the alterity domination and repression. From theoretical categories, like utopias, counter-utopia, no-place and heterotopia, we establish a counterpoint to the European Utopia. We utilize the heterotopia as a valid notion to Latin America because it is based on new concepts like decentrality, negotiation and openness, which discuss old paradigms. The paper also reflects about the complex relation between Literature and subalternity and about the inclusive exercise of (neo)baroque literature that represents the subaltern as alterity and presents the mestiza reason as a way to think and produce literature and theory.

As negociações apresentam uma zona de possível acordo sempre que o valor de reserva do comprador excede o valor de reserva do vendedor. Howard Raiffa permitiu uma formalização para analisar as negociações, ao representá-las por meio dessa zona de acordo. Neste estudo, propõe-se que esse modelo seja utilizado para análise das renegociações. Para tanto, foram incorporados alguns elementos da Economia dos Custos de Transação já que, entre a negociação e a renegociação, ocorre a deterioração do valor de reserva detido pelo agente que promoveu investimentos em ativos específicos à transação. Os elementos incorporados dessa teoria foram: racionalidade limitada, especificidade de ativos e comportamento oportunista. Em razão da racionalidade limitada, os acordos e contratos são incompletos, porque a previsão de todas as contingências é impossível ou, na melhor das hipóteses, demasiado dispendiosa. Com isso, muitas vezes as partes necessitam promover revisões contratuais, o que demanda o estabelecimento de renegociações. Porém, entre a negociação e a renegociação, sempre que uma das partes investir em ativos específicos à transação, o seu valor de reserva se torna menos favorável, reduzindo o seu poder relativo de negociação. Nessas condições, a contraparte pode agir oportunisticamente, expropriando quase-rendas que antes eram auferidas pelo agente responsável pelos investimentos específicos. Apesar de a Economia dos Custos de Transação adotar o comportamento oportunista como pressuposto comportamental, não afirma que todos os indivíduos agem oportunisticamente o tempo todo. A freqüência das transações e a reputação apresentam-se como restrições a esse comportamento. Além disso, alguns estudiosos entendem que os agentes podem não empregar o comportamento oportunista nas renegociações, já que muitas pessoas procurariam recompensar os indivíduos que no passado lhe fizeram alguma ação favorável. Para examinar que comportamento a contraparte emprega nessa situação, foi realizada uma pesquisa experimental com alunos da Universidade de São Paulo. Os participantes, agrupados em pares, deveriam negociar um determinado bem. A pesquisa envolveu dois estágios: negociação de preços para o primeiro ano, em que as partes tinham seus valores de reserva originais, pois os investimentos específicos ainda não haviam sido realizados; e negociação de preços para o segundo ano. Neste último estágio, denominado de renegociação, o valor de reserva de uma das partes havia se deteriorado, em razão dos investimentos específicos. A comparação entre os resultados da negociação e da renegociação permitiu constatar que alguns agentes empregaram o comportamento oportunista. Em 62,7% dos casos, houve alguma redução de preços entre a negociação e a renegociação. Em alguns casos, a pilhagem na renegociação foi tão intensa que o agente expropriado obteve um valor menor do que aquele proporcionado pelo valor de reserva original. A pesquisa revelou que o comportamento oportunista foi mais freqüente e ocorreu com maior intensidade com alunos que já se conheciam. Por fim, o comportamento oportunista não apresentou associações significativas com idade e sexo dos participantes, com o ano de ingresso na faculdade ou com a postura competitiva na primeira etapa das negociações. / A possible agreement zone appears in negotiations whenever the buyer's reservation value exceeds that of the seller. Howard Raiffa brought a fairly structured manner to the analysis of negotiations by representing them through this agreement zone. Our intention is for this model to be used in the analysis of renegotiations. To that end, some elements of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) have been incorporated inasmuch as deterioration occurs, between the negotiation and the renegotiation, in the reservation value detained by the agent that made investments in transaction specific assets. The elements incorporated from the TCE were the following: limited rationality, asset specificity and opportunistic behavior. Limited rationality leads to incomplete agreements and contracts because forecasting all contingencies is impossible or, in the best of hypotheses, too expensive. For that reason, the parties often need to carry out contractual revisions, which require setting up renegotiations. Nevertheless, whenever one of the parties invests in transaction-specific assets between the negotiation and the renegotiation, its reservation value becomes less favorable thus reducing its relative negotiation power. Under those conditions, a counterpart can have an opportunistic behavior, thus expropriating the quasi rents that were before received by the agent responsible for the specific investments. Although TCE adopts opportunistic behavior as the behavior premise, it does not state that all individuals act opportunistically all of the time. Both the frequency of the transactions and the reputation limit this kind of behavior. Besides, some scholars understand that agents might not act opportunistically in negotiations, insofar as many people would seek to reward individuals who took a favorable action toward them. In order to examine which behavior becomes active in the counterpart in this situation, an experimental research was accomplished with students from the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Paired participants were instructed to negotiate a specific asset. The research involved two stages: price negotiation for the first year, in which the parties had their original reservation values, since specific investments had not yet been made; and price negotiation for the second year. In this last stage, called renegotiation, the reservation value of one of the parties had deteriorated due to specific investments. The compared outcomes of the negotiation and renegotiation allowed verifying that some agents did act opportunistically. In 62.7% of the cases there was a price reduction between the negotiation and the renegotiation. In some cases, hold-up in the renegotiation was so intense that the expropriated agent obtained a lower value than that of the original reservation value. The research revealed that opportunistic behavior was more frequent and more intense among students who already knew each other. Final conclusion was that the opportunistic behavior was not significantly associated with participants' age or gender, the year of college entrance or competitive stand in the first round of negotiations.

Esta tese investiga como ocorre o processo de negociação entre os pequenos pecuaristas de gado de corte e seus principais fornecedores de insumos agropecuários, tendo a negociação e suas variáveis (poder, tempo, informação e ética) como arcabouço teórico. Embora as negociações ocorram de maneira semelhante entre esses atores, o processo de negociação se faz necessário, quando se avaliam o preço, o prazo para pagamento aos fornecedores, o local de entrega dos insumos ou dos animais, a quantidade comprada e a qualidade do que se adquire para a produção da carne bovina e seus derivados. Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar o processo de negociação entre os pequenos pecuaristas (negociadores) e seus fornecedores de insumos e propor recomendações visando a maior efetividade do processo. Como conseqüência, um referencial teórico pode reunir a importância do Sistema Agroindustrial da Carne Bovina, Negociação e suas variáveis (tempo, poder, informação e ética), a Visão Sistêmica e o Agribusiness, e as Estratégias de redução de Custos utilizadas pelos pecuaristas. O desafio desta tese de Doutorado foi contribuir com o avanço teórico da cadeia produtiva da pecuária de corte, das negociações na pequena empresa da pecuária e contribuir para que o atual Secretário do Planejamento de São José do Rio Preto desenvolva políticas públicas capazes de fortalecer a atividade da pecuária daquela cidade. Concluindo, é apresentado um estudo empírico abrangendo cinqüenta pequenos pecuaristas de corte, que foram entrevistados em suas propriedades com o auxílio de um questionário estruturado com perguntas abertas e fechadas, envolvendo as negociações entre pequenos pecuaristas e seus fornecedores de insumos. O objetivo foi avaliar as formas de negociação, as variáveis envolvidas e as alternativas de compras que restam para que esses produtores obtenham melhores resultados na atividade exercida. / This thesis describes how the negotiation process occurs between small beef cattle producers and their main suppliers of inputs, having the negotiation and its variables as its theoretical foundation. Although negotiation occurs in a similar manner between these players, the process of negotiation becomes necessary when price deadlines for supplier payments, delivery location of inputs or animals, amount purchased and quality of the purchased goods are evaluated for the production of beef and beef products. This thesis aims to analyze the negotiation process between small beef cattle producers and their input suppliers, and to provide recommendations aiming to a more effective process. As a consequence, a referential theory can bring together the importance of the Beef Cattle Production System, Negotiation and its variables (time, power, information and ethics), Systemic Vision for Agribusiness and cost-reduction strategies used by the beef producers. The challenge for this Doctoral thesis was to contribute for the theoretical advance of the beef cattle supply chain, the negotiation process in the small beef cattle companies and to serve as a basis for the current City Planning Superintendent of São José do Rio Preto to develop public policies that are able to strengthen the cattle-raising activity in the city. At the end, an empirical study on fifty small beef cattle producers, at their own properties, is presented, based on a questionnaire structured with discursive and alternativebased questions. These questions encompass the negotiation between the producers and their input suppliers. The goal was to assess the forms of negotiation, the variables involved and the remaining alternatives of purchase for the producers to attain better results on their activities.

Context. Resource allocation is an important issue in order to complete a task in the field of agent system. Several protocols are available for task distribution and for efficient resource allocation among agents. Efficient task distribution and resource allocation among agents are often play important roles to obtain high performance. However, the situation becomes more complicated when the resources are dependent on each other where multiple buyers and providers of resources negotiate in parallel. Objectives. In this paper, we proposed an agent based protocol for synchronizing and allocating dependent resources that involves parallel negotiation between multiple buyers and providers of resources. Methods. Literature survey has been conducted in the studied areas in order to position the work and gain more knowledge. Moreover, to validate the proposed protocol, a simulation study was performed. Results. The suggested protocol can handle dependent resources negotiation parallel and the result illustrates that. Moreover, the approach can avoid broadcasting of call for proposals to reduce the communication overhead, which usually occur in many other protocols. Conclusion. In the suggested protocol, we have presented a new idea of re-planning with other techniques like Information board and leveled commitment. In a simulation study, it was identified that this approach is able to deal with the dependent resources according to the simulation results.

Dans le cadre des actions en responsabilité civile, la proportion de conflits résolus par le biais d’un accord à l’amiable entre les parties reste très hétérogène à travers les différents pays. L’échec des négociations entre les parties sont sources de procès dont le coût est élevé, à la fois pour l’état mais également pour les parties impliquées dans le litige. Dans cette thèse, nous utilisons unelarge panoplie de méthodes empiriques afin d’étudier les variables susceptibles d’influencer la probabilité de conciliation entre deux parties engagées dans une action en justice. Les travaux réalisés se divisent en quatre grands thèmes. Dans un premier temps, nous réalisons une méta-analyse afin d’étudier la rationalité des individus dans l’un des jeux de négociations les plus simples : lejeu de l’ultimatum. Les résultats de notre analyse montrent que les proposants agissent de manière rationnelle et anticipent correctement le comportement des répondants qui leur font face, de manière à maximiser leur profit. Consécutivementà cela, nous réalisons une méta analyse comparative des jeux de l’ultimatum et du dictateur afin d’analyser l’hypothèse d’équité selon laquelle les offres formulées dans ces deux jeux ne sont pas significativement différentes. Notre étude permet d’établir une corrélation positive entre le niveau de développement des pays et la probabilité de rejet de cette hypothèse. Dans un troisième temps, nous nous intéressons aux variables susceptibles d’influencer la probabilité de conciliation entre deux parties impliquées dans un litige prud’homal en France. La présence d’un avocat pour le demandeur lors de la phase de conciliation ainsi que l’importance de la somme en jeu dans le litige semblent exercer une influence négative sur la probabilité de conciliation. Enfin, nous réalisons une expérience en laboratoire afin d’analyser le comportement des individus qui ne souhaitent pas négocier mais y sont tout de même contraints. Les résultats de notre expérience montrent que les sujets sont plus agressifs lorsqu’ils sont contraints à négocier. Cette agressivité se traduit par des offres moins généreuses ainsi qu’un taux de rejet plus élevé. / In civil liability actions, the proportion of cases that are settled through conciliation remains very low in some countries. Negotiation failures lead to trials, the cost of which is high for both the state and the parties involved in litigation. in this thesis, we use a wide range of empirical tools to investigate the determinants that contribute to the success or failure of settlement between two parties involved in a legal action. We contribute to this topic through four original studies. We first investigate the rationality of players in one of the most simple bargaining games : the ultimatum game. For that purpose, we perform a metaanalysis of the three last decades of experimental research. Proposers’ choices, that do no match the theoretical equilibrium of the game, are found to be rationalegiven the observed behavior of responders. Subsequently, we perform a comparative meta-analysis of the ultimatum and the dictator game to investigate the “fairness hypothesis” according to which off ers in these two games are not significantly different. We find that the more developed a country, the more likely the “fairness hypothesis” is to be rejected. In a third place, we aim to identify the forces that shape decision-making in the pretrial conciliation phase of French labor courts. The results are twofold. First, conciliation is less likely when plaintiff s are assisted by a lawyer. Second, we find that the likelihood of settlement decreases as the amount at stake increases. Finally, through an original experiment, we empirically investigate the behavior of individuals who do not want to bargain, but are forced to do so. We show that individuals who are forced to bargain make less generous offers and are less likely to conciliate.

Les frontières guinéennes, pur produit de la colonisation, ont été mises en place au gré de conventions internationales entre puissances, mais aussi d’actes administratifs pris dans le cadre de l’organisation interne des territoires de l’AOF, de la fin du XIXe au début du XXe siècle. Leur institutionnalisation instaure un nouveau mode de vie et de pratiques chez les frontaliers qui se les sont vus imposer.À partir de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, les bouleversements socio-politiques et économiques que connait le monde, suscitent l’éveil de conscience des peuples colonisés, désireux de prendre en main leur propre destin. Dans ce contexte africain et mondial, la Guinée se singularise par son choix politique et accède à l’indépendance le 2 octobre 1958. Le nouvel État, en dépit de nombreux défis à relever, fait aussi face à la délicate gestion des frontières héritées de la période coloniale, en proie à des conflits inter-communautaires qui émergent à partir des années 1970, et qui restent encore d’actualité. / The Guinean borders, a pure product of colonization, were established with the consent of international conventions between powerful nations, but also the administrative acts taken within the framework of the internal organization in the French Western African territories, from the end of 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. Their institutionalization intaures a new lifestyle and practices that they imposed in the border communities. Starting from second half of the 20th century, the socio-political and economic instability that the world knew, cause the awakening of conscience of the colonized people, eager to take over their own destiny. In this African and world context, Guinea was made conspicuous by its political choice and gained its independence on October 2nd, 1958. The new State, in spite of many challenges to take up, also has been confronted with the tricky management of new borders inherited from the colonial period, and captured by intercommunity conflicts which emerged from the years 1970, and which still remain in the system.

Le présent travail propose d’étudier les problèmes de coordination en se plaçant dans un contexte de planification decentralisée, partant du postulat qu’une gestion centralisée n’est pas pertinente au regard des enjeux de confidentialité qu’affichent chaque partenaire d’une même chaîne logistique. Plus précisément, l’objectif du travail réside dans l’élaboration d’un protocole de négociation tendant à rechercher une solution de planification « gagnant-gagnant », i.e. l’élaboration de plans satisfaisant le producteur (clients du service transport) tout en augmentant le profit des prestataires de transport. La méthodologie suivie pour le développement de ce travail s’articule autour de deux étapes. Le contexte de planification decentralisée des activités d’un producteur avec celles d’un opérateur de transport est dans un premier temps étudié. L’objectif est de caractériser les modèles de programmation linéaire et les raisonnement nécessaires au développement du protocole de coordination et à la mise en œuvre de la simulation du comportement des deux partenaires, de manière à mettre en exergue les facteurs influant la performance globale. L’expérimentation conduite dans ce cadre s’appuie sur la notion de plans d’expériences. Le problème est dans un second temps étendu à la coordination des activités de plusieurs opérateurs de transport avec un producteur. Dans ce nouveau contexte, la résolution du problème de répartition de charges de transport entre les différents acteurs est intégrée dans le processus de négociation. Les modèles et protocole ainsi enrichis sont validés sur la base de plusieurs cas de tests. / The present work aims to study the coordination problems in the context of decentralized planning, based on the postulate that centralized management is not suitable regarding the confidentiality objectives of each partner of the same supply chain. More specifically, the aim of this work is to develop a negotiation protocol seeking to reach a “win-win” planning solution, i.e. the development of plans satisfying the producer (the customer of transportation service) while increasing profit of transport operators. The development methodology of this work contains two phases. The context of decentralized planning of activities of one producer and one transport operator is firstly studied. The main objective is to characterize the linear programming models and the key determinants to develop the coordination protocol and also to implement the simulation of both partners in order to identify the factors affecting the overall performance. The conducted experimentation in this context is based on the concept of the design of experiments. The problem is extended in a second phase to the coordination of several transport operators with one producer. In this new context, the problem of allocating transport load to different transport operators is integrated into the negotiation process. The complemented models and protocol are validated based on test cases.