The purpose with this study was to examine the interpersonal phenomenon in a pedagogical relation, with focus of a specific person-object-relation. The person in this study goes under the notional name Simon, and his experiences and perceptions of a previous drug abuse has been the empirical material of the study. Five interviews regarding Simons history of a previous drug abuse was made in November 2018. The interviews has been analyzed and interpreted with a relational pedagogical perspective using Martin Bubers dialogue philosophy, and inspired by existential hermeneutic as a method for analysis. The analysis concludes that presence of being regarding the interpersonal phenomenon during Simons situation is one way to understand the phenomenon in his pedagogical relation. The study also indicate a lack of presence of being in Simons relation to the human other and how it can be one of many reasons to his previous drug abuse. The study aims to give a further understanding about how an individual shared his life in a relation to an object during many years, and hopefully contribute to how pedagogical relations further to come, can be understood in a different way.

<p>How is space conceptualized? The question is central to subject theory in human geography. In the present dissertation, this issue is actualized in discussions of the virtual, space, and an ontology of becoming. The point of departure is that in human geography, as well as in the general discourses in society, a science fiction-like conception of the virtual has been dominant. The virtual is understood as another reality and as an absolute space. Predominant perceptions of the space and the virtual are problematized in Space in Becoming, and based on analyses of complex sets of ideas grounded in actor-network theory and Deleuzian geophilosophy, an alternative approach is formulated. The aim is to provide an enhanced conceptual understanding of space and the virtual. In order to fulfill the aim, three tasks are performed. Firstly, the prevalent conception of the virtual is presented. Secondly, a conception of space grounded in an ontology of becoming is constructed and defined, expressed in three postulates. Thirdly, the importance of the ontology of becoming and the postulates for the conception and conceptualization of space are discussed in relation to subject theory in human geography. Since the present work centers on treatment of concepts and ideas, a postulate method was selected. The postulate method also makes argumentation and discussion on theoretical and analytical levels possible. The outcome of the project is formulated in three postulates – actants do space, assemblages fold space, and the virtual is a real dimension of space. Accordingly, the main contribution to the conceptual understanding of space and the virtual is the construction and specification of the three postulates. The notion of the virtual as an ontological dimension emerges, with direct implications for the conception and conceptualization of space. The ontology of becoming offers an alternative point of departure, a different perspective on the virtual, and thereby also on virtual geography. This is further elucidated by returning to the point of departure for the dissertation project. The postulates contribute to subject theory in human geography by providing an alternative point of departure for future theoretical research and the formulation of new theories. Accordingly, the particular conception of space expressed in the three postulates brings a challenge in terms of both method and vocabulary.</p>

How is space conceptualized? The question is central to subject theory in human geography. In the present dissertation, this issue is actualized in discussions of the virtual, space, and an ontology of becoming. The point of departure is that in human geography, as well as in the general discourses in society, a science fiction-like conception of the virtual has been dominant. The virtual is understood as another reality and as an absolute space. Predominant perceptions of the space and the virtual are problematized in Space in Becoming, and based on analyses of complex sets of ideas grounded in actor-network theory and Deleuzian geophilosophy, an alternative approach is formulated. The aim is to provide an enhanced conceptual understanding of space and the virtual. In order to fulfill the aim, three tasks are performed. Firstly, the prevalent conception of the virtual is presented. Secondly, a conception of space grounded in an ontology of becoming is constructed and defined, expressed in three postulates. Thirdly, the importance of the ontology of becoming and the postulates for the conception and conceptualization of space are discussed in relation to subject theory in human geography. Since the present work centers on treatment of concepts and ideas, a postulate method was selected. The postulate method also makes argumentation and discussion on theoretical and analytical levels possible. The outcome of the project is formulated in three postulates – actants do space, assemblages fold space, and the virtual is a real dimension of space. Accordingly, the main contribution to the conceptual understanding of space and the virtual is the construction and specification of the three postulates. The notion of the virtual as an ontological dimension emerges, with direct implications for the conception and conceptualization of space. The ontology of becoming offers an alternative point of departure, a different perspective on the virtual, and thereby also on virtual geography. This is further elucidated by returning to the point of departure for the dissertation project. The postulates contribute to subject theory in human geography by providing an alternative point of departure for future theoretical research and the formulation of new theories. Accordingly, the particular conception of space expressed in the three postulates brings a challenge in terms of both method and vocabulary.

La nostra finalitat és conèixer, analitzar i avaluar el Projecte Àlber en el marc del Educ-arte – Educa (r) t com a canvi educatiu a través de la polifonia de veus de les persones implicades, i en especial, la de l'alumnat. Mostrem que el Projecte Àlber es porta desenvolupant des del 2001-02 en condicions d'inestabilitat dels professionals perquè ha situat la seva estabilitat homeostàtica en: un equip directiu estable, les aptituds i actituds dels professionals, les activitats típiques d'aula i l’espai híbrid. Vam recollir les VA de la primera generació que havia experienciat el Projecte Àlber en tota la seva escolaritat. Això esdevé en que orientem els objectius de la recerca en voler millorar el que fem, i per tant s'estructuri com a recerca-acció. Pretenem moure'ns des de la investigació jeràrquica a una més rizomàtica. Els resultats mostren que el Projecte Àlber genera pensaments i creixements rizomàtics. Tot això ha afavorit donar un pas més enllà i mostrar les característiques i els indicadors del canvi educatiu de forma més rizomàtica i complexa. / Nuestra finalidad es conocer, analizar y evaluar el Proyecto Àlber y en el marco del Proyecto Educ-arte – Educa (r) t como cambio educativo a través de la polifonía de voces de las personas implicadas, y en especial del alumnado. Mostramos que el Proyecto Àlber lleva desarrollándose desde el 2001-02 en condiciones de inestabilidad de los profesionales, porque ha situado la estabilidad homeostática en: un equipo directivo estable, las aptitudes y actitudes de los profesionales, las actividades típicas de aula y el espacio híbrido. Recogimos las VA de la primera generación que había experienciado el Proyecto Àlber en toda su escolaridad. Ello deviene en que orientemos los objetivos de la investigación en querer mejorar lo que hacemos, y por tanto se estructure en investigación-acción. Pretendemos movernos desde la investigación jerárquica a una más rizomática. Los resultados muestran que el Proyecto Àlber genera pensamientos y crecimientos rizomáticos. Todo ello ha favorecido dar un paso más allá y mostrar las características y los indicadores del cambio educativo de forma más rizomática y compleja. / Our aim is to understand, analyze and evaluate the Àlber Project in dynamic interaction with Educ-arte – Educa (r) t as a means of educational change, from the polyphony of voices of the people involved, especially from pupils. We show that Àlber Project has been developing since 2001-02 in terms of instability of the professionals, because it has placed the homeostatic stability in: a stable school management team, aptitudes and attitudes of professionals, typical classroom activities and hybrid space. We collected PV data of the first set of pupils that have taken part in Àlber Project since the beginning of their schooling. This led us to orient our research objectives to improve what we do. Therefore the investigation was structured as action-research. We aim at moving away from hierarchical research towards the rhizome. The findings show that Àlber Project generates rhizomatic growth and thought. All these processes favoured go beyond and show the characteristics and indicators of educational change which are more rhizomatic and complex.

The purpose of this study was to create a deeper understanding for, and shine a light on the exit process for former criminal gang members. Which conditions appear to be important and what may constitute the enabling and inhibiting factors of an exit process? The study was based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with respondents who themselves have experience of a criminal lifestyle and gang affiliation, and with professionals in social work. Our theoretical approach is based on Helen Ebaugh’s definition of an exit process, labeling theories, strain theory and control theory. Said theories are usually an explanation for why an individual develops and remains in a criminal behavior. We used these theories in an opposite way, that is, as a model to explain how the way out of crime could look like.   The conclusion is that the process of leaving a criminal lifestyle and gang affiliation behind is complex. The criminal lifestyle means a marginalized position and limited resources linked to the conventional society. Throughout the process, the individual must, despite the difficulties, choose the legal options and be sustainable even if emotions like loneliness and disorientation arises. For individuals the way out of crime leads to a role change, to learn again. This indicates in our conclusions of the importance of including assistance in working with their criminal thinking patterns and behavior, orderly housing situation and livelihood as well as the importance of a supportive social network. Individuals who have been part of a criminal gang often have a unique support needs based on the environment they have been in, and not least by the sense of community and identity that the gang has meant to them.   Motivation and their willpower is portrayed as the most central means to cope with the exit process. The absence of one or more conditions increases the risk for the individual to fail while the access to conditions alone is not enough. The right conditions at the right time seems to appear as the key to generate a successful change process.

This essay investigates the feminist philosophy of Rosi Braidotti with particular focus on the alternative feminine feminist nomadic subject that she creates. I also introduce Braidotti’s theoretical inspiration from Gilles Deleuze and Luce Irigaray. I argue that Braidotti creates an alternative figuration for feminism through synthesizeing Deleuze’s concept of ”becoming” with Irigaray’s sexual difference-theory. Braidotti highlights the importance of understanding the concept of difference differently. She also argues for the difference between subjectivity and identity, for the materialistic foundation of the subject, for the fundamental asymmetry between the sexes and for the nomadic mode of thinking. Braidottis suggests that the way out of the phallogocentric system, which she means we are encapsulated in, consist in working through the images that patriarchy has produced of women, through mimetic repetitons, in order to create new representations of women. I argue that the feminist philosophy of Braidotti is both humble and subversive which makes it an interesting and useful alternative for everyone who is interested in alternative, complex and thrilling ways of theorizing female feminist subjectivity.

It was investigatet the indexes of physical charges and their changes among the basketball players of 15–16 years old. The survey was done in January and February, 2006 and there were 15 young basketballers. The aim of the survey was the changes of the young players in the acceleration of the physical strength and becoming well again. According to the pecularities of the phases of the young players and the importance of the physical strength there was an actual research in this problem, that is, to ascertain the changes of the indexesof the accelaration of the strength pointing at various physical charges and becoming well afterwards. The aims were to ascertain the hight of the players jump (hp90, Dj90 and Dj135), as well as their changes before the charge and after it, and becoming well afterwards, then to ascertain the tiredness of the muscles, the composition of the skeleton, the changes of the height of the jumps at the maximal intensivity, and to ascertain the pain of the muscles. During the warming – up the players did three experimental jumps in these ways: hp90, Dj90, Dj135. Later, the young basketball players had to do three control jumps. Then, there was a 1 minute charge test in maximum power series of the jumps. After that, they did three control jumps in all the described ways. Then, the young players had a rest for one hour. After that they had a warming – up and then three control jumps. A contact platform was used to ascertain the height of the jump with the... [to full text]

Depuis plusieurs années, la définition des soins palliatifs a été élargie pour inclure toutes les maladies ayant un pronostic réservé. Le Québec s’est doté d’une politique de soins palliatifs dont l’un des principes directeurs est de maintenir les patients dans leur milieu de vie naturel. Alors que présentement environ 10 % de la population nécessitant des soins palliatifs en reçoit, on peut s’attendre à une augmentation des demandes de soins palliatifs à domicile dans les CSSS du Québec. La présente étude a pour but de décrire et comprendre l’expérience de dispenser des soins palliatifs à domicile pour des infirmières travaillant dans un contexte non spécialisé. Une étude qualitative ayant comme perspective disciplinaire la théorie de l’humain-en-devenir de Parse a été réalisée. Des entrevues ont été effectuées auprès de huit infirmières travaillant au maintien à domicile d’un CSSS de la région de Montréal qui font des soins palliatifs dans un contexte non spécialisé. L’analyse des données a été effectuée selon la méthode d’analyse phénoménologique de Giorgi (1997). Les résultats s’articulent autour de trois thèmes qui décrivent l’expérience de dispenser des soins palliatifs à domicile pour des infirmières qui travaillent dans un contexte non spécialisé. Elles accompagnent les patients et leur famille, en s’engageant à donner des soins humains, et développant une relation d’accompagnement avec le patient et ses proches. Elles doivent composer avec les réactions du patient et de sa famille et doivent parfois informer le patient de la progression de son état de santé. De plus, elles se préoccupent de donner des soins de qualité en composant avec la complexité des soins palliatifs à domicile tout en s’assurant de soulager les symptômes des patients et de tenter de développer leur expertise. Finalement, le fait d’être confrontée à la mort permet de cheminer. Ainsi, les infirmières vivent des émotions, reçoivent du soutien, sont touchées personnellement par la mort, éprouvent de la satisfaction envers les soins qu’elles donnent et apprennent personnellement de leur expérience. L’essence du phénomène à l’étude est que lorsque les infirmières font un véritable accompagnement du patient et de sa famille en s’efforçant de donner des soins de qualité, cela crée des conditions permettant qu’un cheminement personnel et professionnel sur la vie et la mort soit effectué par les infirmières. / In the past few years, the definition of palliative care was extended to include all diseases with a poor prognosis. The province of Quebec modified the health care system to focus more on ambulatory care and created a palliative care policy with one of its principal directives being to maintain patients in their own milieu. As only 10% of patients requiring palliative care presently receive it, we can expect an increase in demands for palliative home care in the CSSS’s of Quebec. The goal of the present study is to describe and understand the lived experiences of the nurses of a CSSS of the Montreal sector who deliver palliative home care in a nonspecialized context. A qualitative phenomenological research was developed with the Human Becoming Theory of R.R. Parse as a theoretical framework. Eight semi-directed interviews were done with nurses working in home care of a CSSS of the Montreal region. These nurses do palliative care in a non-specialized context. Giorgi’s (1997) phenomenological method was used for data analysis. Three themes describing the experiences of home care nurses providing palliative care in a non specialized context emerged from the analysis. Nurses accompany patients and their families, by committing themselves to providing humane care and by developing an accompaniment relationship with the patient and his/her loved ones. Nurses must cope with the patient’s and family’s reactions and often need to inform the patient of the progression of his/her disease. Secondly, nurses are dedicated to provide quality care by dealing with the complexity of providing palliative care at home, while doing symptoms management and attempting to develop their expertise. Finally, the theme which has the most interesting results is that being confronted by death allows nurses to grow. Nurses personally go through emotions, received support, are personally touched by death, experience satisfaction by the care they give and personally learn by their experience. The essence of the phenomenon is that when nurses providing palliative home care in a non specialized context accompany truly patients and their family, while giving quality care, it creates conditions for the nurses to grow personally and professionally on their views of life and death.

Foundational to almost any Hitchcock film is the idea of the voyeur: the (un)natural inclination to want to look upon the private, obscene, and potentially grizzly instances in other peoples’ lives. Such inclinations are typically satiated in secret and subsequently denied as something we desire. The voyeuristic act may be connected to narcissism in that we are seduced by our own fears and inner hells projected onto the watched ‘other.’ This kind of projection not only perpetuates our sense of denial of what are our own inclinations, but it also precipitates the potential for de-humanization and feelings of emptiness in that we detach from ourselves. The phenomenological paradox to such detachment is that the more we insist we are safe and self-enclosed here while the ‘other’ remains at bay there, the more we are convinced that we know ourselves and are connected to ourselves, when arguably, we couldn’t be more detached from ourselves and our humanity. And by not really knowing ourselves as well as we thought – as we might infer from a kind of ‘doppelganger’ or ‘doubles’ reading of Strangers on a Train, for example – is how fear is born, both in a Hitchcock film and in life generally. How then, might we come to truly know or face our fear if estrangement would seem an inherent quality to our very experience of it?

Avhandlingen undersöker hur 21 unga människor inom ramen för längre intervjuer berättar om och reflekterar över sina liv. Ungdomarna har intervjuats som 15-, 17-, 22- och 25-åringar. Intervjuerna analyseras som livsberättelser, ett teoretiskt och metodolo-giskt perspektiv som fokuserar deras sätt att tolka och skapa mening i sina egna liv. Studien har ambitioner i två riktningar: Dels är det en samtidsstudie som undersöker hur villkoren för att bli vuxen ser ut och hur ungdomar förhåller sig till vuxenblivande. Dels är det en metodstudie i meningen att den lägger stor vikt vid hur livsberättelser konstrueras situationellt och kulturellt. De starka kopplingar som finns mellan ungdomars sätt att uppfatta sig själva och de livsberättelser de konstruerar håller samman dessa båda perspektiv. Arbetet koncentreras till tre huvudfråge-ställningar: hur erfarenhet och förväntan samspelar i ungdomarnas berättelser, hur deras berättelser anknyter till dominerande kulturella narrativer samt hur betydelser av att bli vuxen konstrueras och förändras över tid i deras livsberättelser. Vuxenblivande handlar i hög grad om en strävan efter identitet, självständighet och en plats i samhället. Studien visar hur detta kan förstås som en process där erfarenheter av det förflutna på olika sätt tvinnas samman med förväntningar inför framtiden. Den understryker också hur komplex och mångfacetterad övergången från ung till vuxen är och att innebörden i att vara vuxen varken är självklar eller definitiv. De livsberättelser ungdomarna konstruerar växer i hög grad fram i förhandling med starka narrativa life-scripts. Sådana scripts strukturerar deras berättelser och utgör en grund för de utvärderingar de gör av sina liv. Studien pekar också mot att ungdomars livsberättelser ingår i en dubbel hermeneutisk process där en Stor Berättelse om det individualiserade samhället tolkas och reproduceras. / This thesis investigates how a group of 21 young people narrate and reflect on their lives within the framework of long interviews. The participants were interviewed at the ages of 15, 17, 22 and 25 years. The interviews are analysed as life-stories, a theoretical and methodological perspective which illuminates the interviewees ways of interpreting and constructing meaning in their lives. The study has two aims: firstly it is a contemporary study with the goal of investi-gating what the conditions for entering adulthood are, and how young people relate to becoming an adult. Secondly it is a study of method which places great importance on how life-stories are constructed situationally and culturally. These two perspectives are linked by the strong connections that exist between the young people’s way of understanding themselves and the life-stories they construct. The work is concentrated to three main questions: how experience and expectation interplay in the participants stories, how their stories relate to dominant cultural narratives, and how meanings of becoming an adult are constructed and change over time in their life-stories. The process of becoming an adult mainly involves the search for identity, autonomy and place in society. The study demonstrates how this can be understood as a process where experiences from the past interplay with expectations for the future. It highlights the complexity and diversity of the transition from youth to adulthood, and the fact that meanings of adulthood are neither self-evident nor definite. Life-stories as told by the participants arise to a large degree in negotiation with narrative life-scripts. These scripts structure the stories and provide a basis for evaluation of their own lives. The study also points out that young people´s life stories are part of a double hermeneutic process where a “Grand Narrative” about the individualised society is interpreted and reproduced.