Objetivos: Descrever a incidência de lesões laríngeas agudas após extubação em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica (UTIP), e avaliar os seus fatores de risco e sua relação com a presença de estridor pós-extubação. Delineamento: Coorte Prospectiva. Métodos: Foram elegíveis todas as crianças de zero a cinco anos incompletos internadas na UTIP do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre que necessitaram de intubação endotraqueal por mais de 24 horas. Foram excluídas aquelas com história de intubação, patologia laríngea prévia, presença de traqueostomia atual ou no passado, presença de malformações craniofaciais e consideradas terminais pela equipe assistente. As crianças incluídas foram acompanhadas diariamente e, após a extubação, foram submetidas à fibronasolaringoscopia (FNL). Resultados: Foram acompanhadas 202 pacientes entre novembro de 2005 e dezembro de 2012. Na FNL após a extubação, 88 pacientes (43,6%) apresentaram lesões laríngeas agudas moderadas ou graves. Após análise multivariada dos fatores de risco, verificamos que tais lesões estão associadas com a presença de balonete no tubo endotraqueal (TET), risco relativo de 1,42 (IC 95%: 1,02-1,97; P=0,039). Dos pacientes com lesões moderadas a graves, 21 (23.9%) tiveram estridor por mais de 72 horas (P<0,001). Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre a persistência de estridor após 72horas e a presença de balonete no TET (P=0,036). Conclusões: Este estudo encontrou uma alta frequência de lesões laríngeas agudas após a extubação, que foram associadas com o uso de TET com balonete. Além disso, o estridor persistente após 72 horas da extubação foi mais frequente em pacientes que apresentaram lesões laríngeas e naqueles que usaram TET com balonete. / Objectives: To describe acute laryngeal injuries after extubation in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to assess risk factors and their association with post-extubation stridor. Design: Prospective cohort. Methods: Children aged zero to five years admitted to the PICU of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre who required endotracheal intubation for more than 24 hours were eligible for study. Patients with previous intubation, history of laryngeal disease, current or past tracheostomy, presence of craniofacial malformations and those considered terminal by the staff were excluded from the study. Children were monitored daily and underwent flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy (FFL) after extubation. Results: We followed 202 children between November 2005 and December 2012. In the FFL after extubation, 88 children (43,6%) had moderate to severe laryngeal lesions. After multivariate analysis of potential risk factors, it was found acute lesions were associated with the presence of cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT), relative risk of 1,42 (CI 95%: 1,02-1,97; P=0,039). Among patients with moderate to severe laryngeal lesions, 21 (23,9%) had stridor for more than 72 hours (P<0,001). There was a statistically significant association between persistent stridor after 72 hours and the presence of the cuffed ETT (P=0,036). Conclusions: This study found high frequency of acute laryngeal injuries after extubation, which were associated with cuffed ETT. Moreover, persistent stridor after 72 hours of extubation was more frequent in patients with laryngeal lesions and in those who used cuffed ETT.

L'évaluation de la sonie globale d'un son non-stationnaire repose sur la transformation de nos sensations de sonie momentanées en une valeur scalaire unique reflétant notre impression globale a posteriori. Cette thèse approfondit la compréhension de ce processus dynamique dans le cas particulier de stimuli présentant des profils d'intensité croissants ou décroissants de quelques secondes. Partant de l'observation que les sons croissants sont perçus plus forts que les sons décroissants alors qu'ils contiennent la même énergie pendant la même durée, cette thèse aborde la question des origines de cette asymétrie perceptive sous différentes perspectives. Une approche systématique est adoptée afin d'évaluer les bases méthodologiques, contextuelles et physiques du phénomène. Il est montré que l'évaluation globale de la sonie d'un stimulus dynamique ne correspond pas une simple moyenne énergétique. Les jugements des auditeurs se fondent sur une intégration temporelle de la région la plus intense des stimuli, mais d'autres mécanismes sont impliqués; des asymétries dépendant de façon complexe et non-linéaire des caractéristiques du profil temporel et du niveau des stimuli sont observées. Les modèles de sonie actuels ne permettent pas directement d'expliquer ces résultats, ce qui soutient l'idée selon laquelle les mécanismes étudiés pourraient provenir de traitements auditifs ou décisionnels "haut-niveau" n'étant pas encore pris en considération dans ces modèles. De nouvelles perspectives de recherche pour l'étude du codage et du traitement de stimuli non-stationnaires par les systèmes sensoriels à partir d'asymétries perceptives avérées sont ainsi offertes. / Global loudness evaluation of a time-varying sound is based on the transformation of our momentary loudness sensations into a single scalar value that reflects our overall impression a posteriori. This thesis deepens the understanding of this dynamical process in the case of specific stimuli that rise or fall in level over a few seconds. Starting from the observation that rising tones are perceived louder than falling tones while both contain the same energy over the same duration, this thesis scrutinizes the origins of this perceptual asymmetry from various perspectives. A systematic approach is adopted to evaluate the methodological, contextual and physical bases of this phenomenon. It is demonstrated that global loudness evaluation of a dynamic stimulus does not correspond to a simple energetic mean. Listeners’ judgments rely on a temporal integration of the loudest region of the stimuli, but additional mechanisms are involved; asymmetries which depend on temporal profile characteristics and sound level in a complex and non-linear way are observed. Current loudness models cannot directly account for the effects highlighted throughout the different studies of this thesis, which supports the idea that the mechanism(s) under study might take place in high auditory or decisional stages not considered in these models. This research offers new perspectives to investigate the coding and the processing of time-varying stimuli by sensory systems from identified perceptual asymmetries.

This thesis is an analysis of the use of combined concepts of covenant and priesthood in some late Second Temple period Jewish and Jewish-Christian texts. In this thesis I investigate 1 and 2 Maccabees, Dead Sea Scrolls, and Hebrews, to see the various ways in which these Second Temple compositions have articulated the combined concepts of covenant and priesthood on the basis of their treatment of various biblical and extra-biblical traditions. The elaborate articulations of the combined concepts of covenant and priesthood in these texts partly reflect the concern of the Second Temple Jewish authors: how significant the priestly institutions and priesthood were, not only in terms of cultic matters, but also in terms of political and identity concerns. By means of this study, I hope to demonstrate that the combined concept of covenant and priesthood is necessary for a better understanding of some Second Temple texts.

Un des grands enjeux actuels dans le domaine de la synthèse sonore consiste à proposer des stratégies de contrôle intuitif accessible à un grand nombre d'utilisateurs. Parmi les attributs fondamentaux du son, ceux qui sont liés au mouvement restent encore largement inexplorés et, de fait, difficilement contrôlables. Cette thèse s'intéresse à la perception des caractéristiques des sons monophoniques qui varient au cours du temps et qui sont à l'origine de la notion perceptive de ''mouvement évoqué'', ainsi qu'à la mise au point d'une stratégie de contrôle intuitif. Pour cela, nous avons mis au point une série d'expériences basées sur des protocoles de catégorisation et d'évaluation sonore par le biais de dessins via une interface graphique paramétrée. Afin de favoriser l'écoute sur les attributs intrinsèques du son, nous avons privilégié l'utilisation de sons dits ''abstraits" pour lesquels la source physique n'est pas facilement identifiable. Les résultats de ces expériences nous ont permis de définir un ensemble de dimensions perceptives importantes pour la caractérisation du mouvement évoqué, telles que la forme de la trajectoire, l'orientation ou bien la taille. Ces dimensions ont été par la suite validées grâce à un protocole expérimental exploitant la synthèse sonore. Le travail réalisé ouvre de nombreuses perspectives, notamment dans les domaines de la réalité virtuelle, du ''design sonore'' et de la musique. La méthodologie proposée vise à être suffisamment générale pour être transposable à l'étude d'autres attributs perceptifs liés au ressenti (émotions, qualité ...). / An important issue within sound synthesis, is to propose intuitive control strategies that are accessible to most potential users. Among fundamental sound attributes, the ones linked to motion are almost unexplored and thus cannot be easily controlled. This Ph.D. concerns the perception of time varying characteristics of monophonic sounds, which leads to the notion of motion evoked by sounds and the conception of intuitive control strategies for such motions. To address those questions, we developed several experiments based on categorization tasks and evaluations through drawings using a parameterized graphical interface. In order to help listeners focus on intrinsic sound attributes, we mainly used so-called ''abstract'' sounds for which the physical sound source is not easily recognizable. The results of those experiments enabled us to identify attributes that characterize evoked motion from a perceptual point of view, such as shape, direction and size of the trajectory. Those dimensions were further validated in an experimental protocol using sound synthesis. This work opens many perspectives, in particular within virtual reality, sound design and musical domains. The proposed methodology aimed at being sufficiently generic to be transposed to other perceptual attributes such as emotions and quality.

Objetivos: Descrever a incidência de lesões laríngeas agudas após extubação em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica (UTIP), e avaliar os seus fatores de risco e sua relação com a presença de estridor pós-extubação. Delineamento: Coorte Prospectiva. Métodos: Foram elegíveis todas as crianças de zero a cinco anos incompletos internadas na UTIP do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre que necessitaram de intubação endotraqueal por mais de 24 horas. Foram excluídas aquelas com história de intubação, patologia laríngea prévia, presença de traqueostomia atual ou no passado, presença de malformações craniofaciais e consideradas terminais pela equipe assistente. As crianças incluídas foram acompanhadas diariamente e, após a extubação, foram submetidas à fibronasolaringoscopia (FNL). Resultados: Foram acompanhadas 202 pacientes entre novembro de 2005 e dezembro de 2012. Na FNL após a extubação, 88 pacientes (43,6%) apresentaram lesões laríngeas agudas moderadas ou graves. Após análise multivariada dos fatores de risco, verificamos que tais lesões estão associadas com a presença de balonete no tubo endotraqueal (TET), risco relativo de 1,42 (IC 95%: 1,02-1,97; P=0,039). Dos pacientes com lesões moderadas a graves, 21 (23.9%) tiveram estridor por mais de 72 horas (P<0,001). Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre a persistência de estridor após 72horas e a presença de balonete no TET (P=0,036). Conclusões: Este estudo encontrou uma alta frequência de lesões laríngeas agudas após a extubação, que foram associadas com o uso de TET com balonete. Além disso, o estridor persistente após 72 horas da extubação foi mais frequente em pacientes que apresentaram lesões laríngeas e naqueles que usaram TET com balonete. / Objectives: To describe acute laryngeal injuries after extubation in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and to assess risk factors and their association with post-extubation stridor. Design: Prospective cohort. Methods: Children aged zero to five years admitted to the PICU of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre who required endotracheal intubation for more than 24 hours were eligible for study. Patients with previous intubation, history of laryngeal disease, current or past tracheostomy, presence of craniofacial malformations and those considered terminal by the staff were excluded from the study. Children were monitored daily and underwent flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy (FFL) after extubation. Results: We followed 202 children between November 2005 and December 2012. In the FFL after extubation, 88 children (43,6%) had moderate to severe laryngeal lesions. After multivariate analysis of potential risk factors, it was found acute lesions were associated with the presence of cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT), relative risk of 1,42 (CI 95%: 1,02-1,97; P=0,039). Among patients with moderate to severe laryngeal lesions, 21 (23,9%) had stridor for more than 72 hours (P<0,001). There was a statistically significant association between persistent stridor after 72 hours and the presence of the cuffed ETT (P=0,036). Conclusions: This study found high frequency of acute laryngeal injuries after extubation, which were associated with cuffed ETT. Moreover, persistent stridor after 72 hours of extubation was more frequent in patients with laryngeal lesions and in those who used cuffed ETT.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of maternal attachment on identity and self-esteem in adult gay males.

Bc. Jana Kvašová 2011 Digital libraries of commercial publishers Abstract (in English): The aim of the thesis is to analyze and compare the current state of selected digital libraries of the most significant commercial publishers of scientific literature (SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect). The first chapter describes digital libraries in general and points out some of the specifics of digital libraries owned by commercial publishers. Basic terms like "digital library", "digital source", "digital document" are also explained in this chapter. The core of the thesis is represented by three analyses of selected digital libraries; Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/), SpringerLink ( http://www.springerlink.com/) and SciVerse ScienceDirect (http://www.sciencedirect.com/). The following chapter describes the connecting of digital libraries using the CrossRef service. The final chapter compares the main features of digital libraries and presents trends and possible future of this field. Key words (in English) digital library, publishers, Wiley Online Library, SciVerse ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, John Wiley and Sons, Elsevier, Springer, CrossRef, DOI

The remains of James Oliver Plunkett are dug up one night from their grave at Mount Calvary Cemetery by two college adjunct writing professors, Bob Rusher and Phil Pike. Having chopped through Plunkett's coffin with a pick, Rusher lifts Plunkett's skeleton from the coffin and pronounces his name--and in this moment Plunkett returns to consciousness as a cognitive vapor. The reason that Plunkett has been dug up is hinted at: After writing many unpublished novels and stories during his lifetime, and dying utterly anonymous, Plunkett's fiction has somehow been posthumously published, to great acclaim. Rusher is a huge fan of Plunkett's published work and is digging him up in the belief that one of his unpublished novels--The King of Portland--has been buried with him. When he does not find the novel, Rusher decides to kidnap the remains to force Plunkett's family to reveal the status of The King of Portland. Plunkett drives with Rusher and Pike to a strip club called the Serpentine, located in downtown Portland. They are not aware of Plunkett, but when they enter the club, leaving his bones behind in the car in a brown sack, Plunkett accompanies them. Rusher is courting one of the strippers, Hazel, and has given her one of Plunkett's posthumous novels to read, which she's enjoyed. Hazel's employer and perhaps boyfriend Chuck arrives at Rusher and Pike's table and, with Hazel still present, demonstrates his claim to the stripper by urinating in Rusher's beer. Rusher leaves the club humiliated. After dropping Pike off, he drives to the Hollywood District and brings the sack with Plunkett's remains into his house. His girlfriend Ava Snyder is there, reading the poet Rilke in the bathtub--fully clothed, smoking a cigarette, lying on an air mattress, and drinking an old fashioned. Plunkett is present in consciousness throughout. Rusher does not tell Ava about his grave robbing or the bone-sack he's carrying; but when he leaves Ava in the tub, taking the bones with him, Plunkett remains behind in the bathroom and is startled to find himself privy to Ava's thoughts. After Ava splits from Rusher, Plunkett remains with her, experiencing her life while wondering about the family he might have left behind at his death, nine years earlier. Ava has a scary encounter with her bullying, drug-addled sister Judy, during which she has hints of Plunkett's presence in her mind; but Ava dismisses these hints until after a disappointing visit to her mother, with whom she has long had trouble communicating. At this point Ava hears Plunkett's voice for the first time, and they begin conversing. After transitioning from disbelief to annoyance to the intimate, irresistible pull of their shared consciousness, Ava eventually helps Plunkett to discover the reason for his posthumous, unlikely literary fame and the state of his still-living family: A wife and son who have reaped the profits of his posthumous success, but do not harbor fond memories of their long lives together with him. Plunkett has a vision of his death, in which he apparently committed suicide over his decades-long literary obscurity. Ava seeks out Plunkett's son, Kyle Fleming, an artist who has established his own, prominent comic book company. Kyle is bitter toward his father for neglecting him while growing up, and has taken on his mother's maiden name; but he then reveals that it was his father's fame that propelled him to celebrity as a comic book artist and publisher. Meanwhile, Plunkett's wife Camille is suffering from dementia and lives in a managed care facility. Ava and Plunkett arrive at Camille's room; in the presence of her late husband's consciousness, Camille reveals that it was she who asked Kyle to send out one of his unpublished manuscripts for publication--a romance novel whose enormous, unexpected success led to the publication of several other best-selling works by Plunkett. In spite of this, Camille tells Plunkett that she experienced the happiest years of her life after he died. While Plunkett was never violent and rarely verbally abusive, he was always distant, neglecting his wife and son to write his fiction around a series of demanding day jobs. After this visit, in which she thought she might lose him to Camille, Ava informs Plunkett that she has fallen in love with him. Plunkett reciprocates her feelings. And yet, Plunkett's lack of physical being is causing Ava to consider a romance with Kyle, his son, in order to experience more fully the voice of the dead writer she has come to love. Ava meets Kyle at a bar on Lombard Street; Kyle informs Ava that his mother, Camille, has died. Kyle insists that Ava take him to the managed care home to help make arrangements for his mother's body. During this car ride, with Ava driving, Kyle begins to hear his father's voice and to rail against him. Kyle reveals that his father hasn't committed suicide, but that he shot him for what he considered to be Plunkett's cruelty toward his mother. Ava and Plunkett are stunned. By this time, Ava has Plunkett's remains in the trunk of her car; she insists that Kyle return the bones to their grave as penance for the murder. At the cemetery Kyle runs away; Ava cannot bring herself to let go of Plunkett's remains. Ava's sister, Judy, shows up at the cemetery and in a drug-addled haze shoots Ava, of whom she has long been jealous. Ava dies of her wounds. Plunkett is left behind--but ultimately they are reunited in the dry, dark sea beyond this life.

[pt] Esta dissertação realiza um estudo dos anúncios publicitários publicados na revista Pais e Filhos entre os anos de 1968 e 1971. O intuito é discutir de que forma as narrativas midiáticas ajudaram a constituir algumas noções e/ou representações em torno de certos modelos modernos de família e infância. A revista Pais e Filhos, publicação brasileira voltada para a família, foi lançada pela Bloch Editores S.A. em setembro de 1968 e circulou por mais de 40 anos no modelo impresso. Seu nascimento aconteceu em um momento de grandes transformações econômicas, sociais e políticas que modificaram substancialmente as práticas jornalísticas e os modelos produtivos dos meios de comunicação no Brasil. A revolução provocada pela pílula anticoncepcional, a intensificação da censura durante a ditadura militar, a explosão do consumo e o incremento tecnológico foram fatores que impactaram o mercado editorial apontando tanto para uma maior distribuição e alcance das mensagens da mídia quanto para o início do processo de segmentação na imprensa brasileira. Neste sentido, tendo como base teórica a abordagem culturalista dos estudos sobre consumo, esta pesquisa promove uma reflexão sobre como a Pais e Filhos se constituiu como uma importante publicação que, desde seus primeiros anos, ajudou a sustentar a vinculação entre a cultura do consumo e as noções modernas de família e infância. / [en] This dissertation conducts a study of advertisements published in Parents and Sons magazine between the years 1968 to 1971. The aim is to discuss how medianarratives helped to constitute some notions and/or representations around certainmodern models of family and infancy. Parents and Sons magazine, a Brazilian familypublication, was launched by Bloch Editors S.A. in September 1968 and circulatedfor over forty years in print. Its birth took place at a time of great economic, socialand political transformations that substantially modified journalistic practices andproductive models of the media in Brazil. The revolution provoked by thecontraceptive pill, the intensification of censorship during the military dictatorship,the explosion of consumption and the technological increase were factors thatimpacted the publishing market, pointing both to a greater distribution and reach ofmedia messages and to the beginning of the process of segmentation in the Brazilianpress. In this sense, having as a theoretical basis the culturalist approach to studieson consumption, this research promotes a reflection on how Parents and Sonsmagazine was constituted as an important publication that, since its early years,helped to sustain the link between consumer culture and modern notions of familyand childhood.

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