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ジャン=オノレ・フラゴナールの研究-意図せざる近代性の解明吉田, 朋子 24 November 2022 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(文学) / 乙第13510号 / 論文博第667号 / 新制||文||725(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院文学研究科思想文化学専攻 / (主査)教授 平川 佳世, 准教授 杉山 卓史, 准教授 筒井 忠仁 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Letters / Kyoto University / DGAM
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縄文時代植物採集活動の研究板垣, 優河 25 March 2024 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(文学) / 甲第25033号 / 文博第938号 / 新制||文||739(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院文学研究科歴史文化学専攻 / (主査)教授 下垣 仁志, 教授 吉井 秀夫, 准教授 千葉 豊, 教授 冨井 眞 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM
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台灣唱片產業之研究:主流與非主流之比較分析曾裕恒 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣唱片工業在1997年達到前所未有的高峰,唱片總銷售金額達新台幣123億元。可是從1998年開始,台灣唱片工業景氣急轉直下,每年的成長率至少都在-10%以上,到了2007年,整體唱片銷售總額已掉到新台幣19億元,幾乎已是十年前的六分之一。很多唱片業界的人士都怪罪數位音樂的流通,導致盜版橫行,沒有消費者願意花錢支持正版專輯,使得主流唱片市場一落千丈,可是反觀國內以獨立音樂為號召的三大音樂祭,每年參與人數皆逐年上升,尤其是野台開唱去年一舉將票價提升近一倍,但人數不減反增,三天的活動累計突破十二萬人次,雖無直接的證據證實以往聆聽主流音樂的消費者漸漸轉向獨立音樂的陣營,可是強調「真誠」與「創新」的獨立音樂,逐漸擄獲消費者的心卻是不爭的事實。
Simon Frith認為:「音樂已經變成一種商品,想要賺錢得不斷適應新的科技,這兩樣事情形塑了通俗音樂產業的面貌。」,此話明確指出,唱片工業除了得面對科技的進步,音樂的本質也相當重要。但台灣主流唱片公司一昧卸責怪罪mp3所造成的衝擊,卻忽略除了科技以外的問題。因此唯有透過完整性的產業分析,將國內主流與獨立音樂分別比較探討,才能真正的釐清國內唱片工業問題之所在。
時至今日,跨國唱片公司以裁員、縮編因應市場的轉變,許多本土中小型的主流唱片公司應運而生紛紛轉向大陸市場,獨立音樂透過網路社群的集結,蓄積龐大的力量,正逐漸解構跨國唱片公司所建構的市場規則。台灣唱片工業將會再起,網路霈然莫之能禦的力量,將使台灣富有生命力的「新音樂」推向市場。 / The Taiwan popular music industry reached the high peak in 1997 without precedent history that the total output value was NT dollar twelve billion. But from 1998, the Taiwan popular music industry had a quick and decisive turn of events for the worse. Until 2007 the total output value was about NT dollar two billion that is almost the one sixth of ten years ago. Many people in this industry have blamed the digital music for the sluggish market. But, by contrast, there are more and more people joining the three most famous indie-music festivals, especially Formoz Festival 2007. Although It raised the ticket price to two times, the total entrance people reached one hundred-twenty thousand. Even though there is no direct evidence that the most of customers listening pop music turn to indie music, in fact, the indie music that highlights “honest” and “innovative” gradually attract many customers.
Simon Frith said: “pop music as we know it now has been shaped by the problems of making music a commodity and the challenges of adapting money-making practices to changing technologies.” This paragraph indicates that technology is very important to music industry. Besides, the innate character of music is also more important. Therefore, I think that if we want to understand what the problems with, we must take the macroscopic method to analysis this industry.
However, the international recording companies have been in droves to lay off employees in order to the sluggish market coming. There are many small or medium major recording companies being formed and turning to China market. And then, many indie music companies use internet to cluster together for store up strength to deconstruct the rule that the international recording companies formulated. The application of internet will improve the “new music” to the market, and the Taiwan popular music industries will revival.
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理解行動電話:流動的媒介與日常生活 / Understanding mobile phones: mobile media and everyday life曹家榮, Tsao, Chia Rong Unknown Date (has links)
本文試圖探究行動電話於當代普及所帶來的影響。一直以來,網際網路及隨之而生的「模控空間」都被看作是我們這個時代最重要的媒介與文化發展。然而,晚近十年間的電子媒介技術發展卻顯示出,行動電話已然成為網際網路之外同樣影響人們日常生活甚鉅的一種媒介。甚至,如同Howard Rheingold所指出的,它已逐漸地改變了我們當下與未來的生活形式。循此,簡言之,本文的目的即在於,試圖理解行動電話所帶來的是什麼樣的生活世界,以及這又是如何可能的?在回答此一問題時,本文所採取的基本理論觀點與分析架構乃是一種試圖超越過去技術決定論的新取徑。亦即,立基於「人─技術─世界」相互關連的關係性基礎上,本文主張,人們日常使用與操作技術的實作實際上總是展開於技術物所形塑的結構脈絡之中,同時,此一結構脈絡本身卻也是由人們的實作過程「有方法地」反身維繫與再建構的。換言之,本文將說明,實際上行動電話普及所帶來的影響不僅僅導因於技術特性的結構作用,同時也是人們日常實作持續建構與維繫的結果。
更清楚地說,在論文中我們指出了行動電話普及所導致的結構性變遷與影響為(1)由行動電話「水平嵌合」的延伸形式所帶來的「混雜實在」。也就是說,行動電話的使用者實際上是處於一種「雙面舞台」的情境之中。透過行動電話的中介,人們如今理所當然地將其脈絡視為是混雜交織著虛擬/物質、遠處/近在的指涉。(2)源自於行動電話「流動」的技術特性而逐漸形成的「即刻化時間」與「個人化社會空間」的時空框架。正是在這一轉變的時空框架中,浮現了本文稱之為「隨傳隨到的個人社群」的新形態人際關係樣態。而這些結構性的變遷與影響,在本文看來,同時也是人們日常實作持續「有方法地」完成、維繫與再生產的產物。以俗民方法學為基礎,本文回到實際日常使用與操作行動電話的實作過程中,探究人們是如何有方法地完成「打行動電話」的日常生活。例如,我們指出了「體現」與「轉譯」乃是人們操作行動電話理所當然地依賴著的方法;此外,由於「打行動電話」的實作仍「在」當下既存的互動場景之中,其完成也就有賴於「協同實作」的打造;人們的實作也顯示出,並不只是由於行動電話的技術特性與設計,更是因為人們總是有方法地管理、完成「打行動電話」的過程,人際之間的連結才呈現為「個人化即刻連繫」之樣態。
總之,藉由這些觀察與分析,本文試圖指出行動電話造就的「結構」實際上也是實作建構的產物。然而,雖然本文主張人們實際上參與了框限著自身的「結構」的建構,但這並不意味著人們就必然只能如此生存著。相反地,從「人─技術─世界」的相互關連來看,既然我們的日常生活並非單純由「技術」所決定的、既然我們的生存樣態同樣也取決於自身的「實作」,本文在最後試圖說明的便是,我們也就總是有著「不必然如此」的可能性。藉由三個案例的呈現,本文說明了「多元」的行動電話使用與操作實作如何可能。些實作並不是意圖正面對抗、顛覆既那些與行動電話實作相關的既有「常識」與「預設」,但在其迴避、繞道、偏離與走出的各種形式中,我們卻能清楚地看到實際行動電話的使用與操作中,如何不斷地逾越了既有的軌跡與秩序。換言之,回過頭來,本文試圖說明的是,「理解」行動電話同時也意味著我們必須要在各種「捨」與「得」的權衡之中做出選擇。在每一刻的行動電話操作實作之中,我們不僅選擇了如何完成當下的秩序,同時也選擇了走向什麼樣的「行動未來」。這不僅是「如何生活」──亦即,如何使用行動電話的選擇──的問題,同時也是關於「如何存在」──亦即,在更根本的層次上成為什麼樣的存有──的反思。 / This thesis attempts to discuss the impacts brought by the prevalence of mobile phones. Although the Internet and the cyberspace have been thought as the most important media and cultural development of our age, the progress of the electronic media in recent decade has showed that mobile phones have also brought important structural changes in our life. Accordingly, what we want to understand is how mobile phones have changed our life world. In response to this question, the thesis adopts a new approach which goes beyond the traditional technological determinism. That is, based on the interrelationship of the “human-technics-world”, it proposes that the everyday technological practices always unfold in the context structured by our technics, and the structured context itself is also, at the same time, constructed reflexively by user’s technological practices.
First, the thesis indicates the structural changes brought by mobile phones as follows: (1) the “hybrid reality” emerging from the extending and mediation of mobile phones; (2) the “immediatization of time” and the “individualization of social space” resulted from the widespread use of mobile phones. Second, based on ethnomethodology, we explore how the user accomplishes the everyday “using” of the mobile phone skillfully and reflexively. The investigation shows that, for example, (1) the user, while using the mobile phone, depends upon the methods of “embodiment” and “translation”, and takes them for granted; (2) the accomplishments of the using practices actually are the products of the “cooperation” between the user and the members at the scene because the user is still “in” the present situation; (3) the using practices also show that the “individualized and immediatized connection” which emerges as the figure of our interpersonal relationship is not only due to the technical characteristics of mobile phones, but also the product of user’s skillful using practices. Third, although the thesis advocates that the everyday using practices reflexively construct the structural changes which in turn shape the practices themselves, it also attempts to point out that we still have the possibility of transgressing the given structural constraints. We explicate, by three cases, how different and multiple ways of mobile phone using are possible. These “variant practices” do not represent the opposition and the subversion of the given structure shaped by mobile phones, but indicate that we still could choose different ways of using, and different kinds of life.
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台灣原住民文化產業之智慧資源規劃─以編織工藝為例 / The research of intelligence resources planning of indigenous cultural industry in Taiwan - case study on knitting techniques林佳穎, Lin, Chia Ying Unknown Date (has links)
本研究著眼於原住民文化產業智慧資源規劃的議題,特別是以原住民工藝產業當中的編織工藝作為研究對象。在智慧資源的創造和保護方面,對於原住民民俗創作的法律討論和立法行動,在我國雖然已有初步成果,但卻仍有許多爭議尚待解決,因而仍無法提供原住民族人充足的保護,不過即使如此,產業仍然需要在此模糊不清的法律狀態下,尋找最佳的發展路徑,換言之,從智慧資源的管理和應用方面,在盡可能建立智慧資源的基礎之後,管理者應如何透過原先具備或後天取得的資源,促使經營的事業體找出適當的發展模式,毋寧更是原住民文化產業能否永續發展的優先考量。而在產業發展較成熟之後,若再回頭主張產業從業者真正需要的法律規範,或許更可以提供規範制定者值得參考的意見。
在上述的法律和管理並重的思考邏輯之下,本研究從文獻探討開始,檢視國際間、各國和我國在處理原住民民俗創作保護時的問題現狀,在確定文化資產和智慧財產各有其規範角色,卻又會互相影響的前提之下,推導出存在於原住民文化產業當中,同時可以致力於文化資產活化,以及智慧財產創造的幾種可能的發展模式,供作本研究後續個案的探討模型,以及未來的產業從業者決定發展方向時的可能參考選項。
故在本研究個案部份,即同時反映上述類型化模型的思考。第四章的第一個個案就是較具有公共性(commons)本質的尤瑪‧達陸與野桐工坊個案,而第五章的第二個個案就是較具有完整企業經營理念的湛賞文化藝術工作坊,此二個案同時都是以編織工藝為主要經營項目,但是因為經營者的目標不同,因而展現出不同樣貌,本研究透過此二個案呈現經營面向的議題,同時也針對智慧資源規劃議題,給予個案未來發展之建議。
最後的結論與建議,本研究主要針對於政府機關和產業從業者兩方面,從之前論述當中發現的議題和可參考的適例,重新思考現存問題的解決方案,期待在研究者的共同努力下,台灣原住民文化產業能夠走上更亮麗的舞台。 / This research is focused on intelligence resources planning of indigenous cultural industry, especially in the field of knitting techniques. From creation and protection of intelligence resources perspective, legal discussion and legislative movement for aboriginal people’s cultural expressions seem to achieve slight success in Taiwan, but there still exists many unresolved issues, resulting in insufficient protection for aboriginal people as before. However, even in such legally ambiguous situation, the industry still needs to find its way out, looking for the best path to develop itself. In other words, from management and application of intelligence resources perspective, after trying best efforts to set up the foundation of intelligence resources, how the managers are devoting to figure out the suitable model for the business unit, by using original or adopting resources, becomes the first priority of concerns of whether the indigenous cultural industry can be sustainable. When the industry becomes more mature, the participants of the industry may look back, to propose their real needs for regulations, and at the same time, these proposals may be very valuable for the regulators.
Based on the above thinking in accordance with both legal and managerial logic, this research makes observation to problems when dealing with aboriginal people’s folklore expressions in international society, in various countries and in Taiwan, from the beginning part of literature analysis to the latter parts; then, this research makes sure that cultural heritage and intellectual property both play parts on the focused topics, while each has its regulatory role as well as has impact on the other, and such nature and connection becomes the premise of the following several models respectively for activation of cultural heritage and creation of intellectual property at the same time in indigenous cultural industry. These models will be used as the analytic tools for the following case study and as the referable choices of business development for future participants in the industry.
Furthermore, case study of this research reflects foregoing categorical models. The first case in Chapter 4 is commons-oriented Yuma Taru and Lihang Studio case. The second case in Chapter 5 is under complete company management, which is Siku Sawmah Cultural Art Workshop case. Both cases’ major revenue come from knitting techniques, but the managers have different business goals, resulting in different business models. This research tries to reveal managerial issues when running workshop through these two cases; this research will also gives suggestion to them in relation to intelligence resources planning.
In the final part of conclusion and suggestion, this research aims at governmental departments and participants in the industry, and for them it rethinks solutions towards existing problems regarding previously found issues and referable cases. This research expects the indigenous cultural industry in Taiwan to eventually get on a more radiant stage with the cooperation of all the researchers and participants.
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西北穆斯林婦女地位的變遷與調適─以臨夏穆斯林社群為例呂貴香 Unknown Date (has links)
本篇論文是以中國大陸甘肅省臨夏回族自治州的州治所在臨夏市為主要的田調場域,研究對象是臨夏市穆斯林社群的婦女們,研究切入的時間點正值西部大開發帶動臨夏社會經濟現代化的契機,此地的穆斯林因應此變化被迫必要調整其傳統倫理規範對婦女們的制約,讓婦女走出家庭、甚至走出河州,解放其勞動力,隨其知識獨立經濟獨立後,藉此良機提升地位,並對社會做更大的貢獻。
臨夏市的穆斯林社群是傳統華夏社會的縮影,惟因位處邊緣加上歷史因素,其社群相對封閉而變化較緩,婦女地位低下仍是目前社群內部普遍存在的問題。搭乘大開發的列車,為呈現穆斯林女性地位已出現或可能有的變化,在章節的安排上,第一章、第二章針對回回婦女集體歷史記錄的失落,企圖利用有限的文獻材料,重構此邊緣族群婦女的歷史圖像,順勢彰顯華夏社會“男尊女卑”、“男主外,女主內”根深柢固的傳統與臨夏穆斯林社群的婦女地位問題相對應的關係,特別是在複合文化交疊、異例突出的邊緣地帶;為釐清外界對伊斯蘭教與回回社群的誤解,特別在第三章釐清這個複合規範的內涵,分從儒家的道德綱常、伊斯蘭的倫理觀與西北特殊的風俗民情三部分論述,時至今日臨夏穆斯林婦女所承受的規範制約,究竟是哪一部分需要調整或必要革新,或許在地的穆斯林也並不是那麼清楚所謂的傳統,究竟是舊封建社會的遺緒,抑或是伊斯蘭教教義、教法使然,不願人云亦云、積非成是地全歸咎於伊斯蘭的宗教特性,對照歷史軌跡尋繹,從理性認知解放臨夏穆斯林婦女,自覺、自尊方能由此建立。
筆者如此關注臨夏穆斯林婦女地位的問題,乃因在臨夏調研時的實際觀察,仍見臨夏穆斯林社群婦女很傳統的生活面向,故在第四章介紹傳統規約下的婦女生活,從婦女的婚姻、家庭生活、勞務分工與宗教規箴對女學的影響等方面提供一些民族誌的觀察。由於社會調查有其普遍採樣的困難和限制,加上臨夏正處在社會經濟變遷的過渡階段,多元、多樣正是此階段的特色,故選擇口訪對象盡可能是在一定的社會高度,有較廣泛見聞以及能理性陳述的對象,不乏公部門幹部、老師、醫師和律師,藉之強化此民族誌觀察的可信度與說服力。
本篇論文的第五章則談論臨夏經濟發展人力需求的趨勢,而穆斯林婦女所須具備的競爭條件,而從臨夏婦女接受義務教育的現實問題、宗教女學蓬勃發展的利弊以及婦女法律認知、制度配套與人為因素致使婦女權利在實踐上出現相當的落差,於田調實察所得數據和資料來說明社群內部有待改變、革新之處。現代化的潮流和進程難以阻擋,臨夏市在現代化社會的轉型過程,舊價值與新發展之間的矛盾和衝突性無可避免,婦女地位提升已成為社會整體進步的關鍵,也漸成為穆斯林社群的共識;包括臨夏面對都市化的衝擊,伊斯蘭Jamaat內部可能面臨的文化危機,保守的宗教體制內是否應該與時俱進地賦予女學新定位、新任務,促使婦女在族教邊界的維繫上發揮固基的力量,故在第六章仍以民族誌的觀察為主,介紹臨夏部分穆斯林女性在宗教、學術、經濟與政治等領域不凡的表現,她們衝破既有族教藩籬與限制,力爭上游,成為在地穆斯林婦女效法的標竿。總之,改善不利於穆斯林婦女發展的負向指標,提升她們的地位,在推動臨夏社會經濟進步極具現實價值,是本論文的研究旨趣所在。
任何社群只要存在兩性的差異,婦女學與兩性研究就有存在下去的理由。過往少數民族婦女議題歸屬學術研究的邊陲,本篇論文就學術價值而言,其貢獻有二:一則,為社會科學研究婦女民族誌開闢了新領域,強化女性文化的基礎;二則,選擇邊緣穆斯林族群的婦女議題,除了釐清對伊斯蘭教在中國西北世俗化過程的許多誤解,也使穆斯林婦女在現代婦女史與婦女民族誌中不再留白,或無言。
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