數位人文是近年來數位科技應用的一種重要趨勢，是一個結合數位技術與人文研究的新興領域，透過資訊科學的技術並結合大量數位化的文史資料，輔助文史學者進行較深入的人文研究，彌補並獲得在數位化之前無法用人工逐一比對所觀察到的現象或新的詮釋。 本研究以「中國近現代思想及文學史專業數據庫」的大量文史資料作為基礎，希望建構出一個能協助文史學者對中國近現代史的歷史觀念或現象較有效率的進行分析之檢索系統。本系統讓研究者可以透過具代表性的檢索詞彙與檢索條件搜尋出與欲研究的議題相關的文獻集合，再利用PAT Tree(Patricia tree)技術與自身的專業知識，擷取出研究議題底下的專業關鍵詞彙，並針對有興趣的關鍵詞彙或關鍵詞彙組合進行相關的時序分析，提供研究者以不同的面向觀察並詮釋出新的趨勢和結論。 我們找了一些具有文史工作相關背景經驗的使用者來實際使用本系統，並進行系統滿意度的評估，從評估的結果得知大部份的使用者都給了不錯的滿意度回饋，顯示本系統對於研究者在進行相關的文史研究上，可以達到一定程度的助益。 / In recent years, digital humanities have become an important trend of the application of information technologies. It’s an emerging field by combining information technologies with humanities studies. Historians can make intensive humanities studies through the combination of information science technologies and numerous digitized historical data, finding the new historical phenomenon that cannot be obtained by manual handling the historical data. In this paper, we construct an information retrieval and analysis system based on the text material available at the Database for the Study of Modern Chinese Thought and Literature that can help historians to make historical studies more efficiently. The system can let historians find the key documents which are related to the historical studies they make by representative search word. Besides, the system can use the PAT Tree (Patricia tree) method to extract useful keywords, with the help of historians to finalize the keyword selection. The system can also do the time analysis of one keyword or two keywords and help historians make new conclusions of historical studies. We let some people who have historical work experience use the system and let them evaluate the system. Most of the evaluation results are good. It means that the system can help historians to make historical studies more efficiently.

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本研究旨在了解桃園縣國中藝術與人文教師資訊素養與教學效能的關係，主要探討不同背景變項、環境變項之桃園縣國中藝術與人文教師，在資訊素養與教學效能的差異情形。 本研究之研究對象，乃以桃園縣國中藝術與人文教師為主，抽樣34 所公立國民中學189 位教師，調查結果以平均數、標準差、t 考驗、單因子變異數分析、薛菲事後多重比較法、皮爾遜積差相關、多元迴歸等統計方法，進行資料處理分析，獲致下列結論： 一、藝術與人文教學資訊素養與教學效能整體是屬於「中高」程度的表現。 二、藝術與人文教師教學資訊素養因教師背景變項不同而有顯著差異。 三、藝術與人文教師教學效能因教師背景變項不同而有顯著差異。 四、教師教學資訊素養及教學效能各層面具有高度正相關。 五、教師教學資訊素養愈高，其教學效能愈佳。 六、藝術與人文教師教學資訊素養對教學效能整體與各層面具有高度的解釋 力。 七、 教師教學資訊素養對教學效能整體及各層面具有主要的預測作用。 關鍵字:藝術與人文領域，資訊素養，教學效能。 / This research explored the relationship of information literacy and teaching effectiveness, and analyzed the differences of information literacy and teaching effectiveness among the field of Arts and Humanities teachers in junior high schools in Taoyuan by different background and environment factors. The samples of this study are 189 teachers of 34 junior high schools locating in the Taoyuan city. The results are analyzed by means, standard deviations,frequency, t-test, one-way ANOVA, pearson’sproduct-moment correlation, Scheffé method , multiple stepwise egression analysis. The results are as follows: 1. The Arts and Humanities teachers have above average scores on information literacy and on teaching effectiveness. 2 The Arts and Humanities teachers’ teaching- information literacy is noticeable differentiated by the varied cause of teacher individual variables. 3. The Arts and Humanities teachers’ teaching effectiveness is noticeable differentiated by the varied cause of teacher individual variables. 4.There are high positive correlation between the whole and every dimension ofteachers’ teaching- information literacy and the ones of teaching ffectiveness. 5.The higher the teacher’ teaching- information literacy, the better the teaching effectiveness. 6. The Arts and Humanities teachers’ teaching- information literacy has higher explanation of the whole and every dimension of teaching efectiveness. 7.The teacher’ teaching information literacy can make prediction of the whole teaching effectiveness. Keywords: the field of Arts and Humanities, information literacy, teaching effectiveness.

This study investigates the cultural identity of Chinese overseas in Sweden, especially the identity of Chinese culture. A Hakka family in Sweden from Kolkata, India was a target of a case study in this thesis from the viewpoint of life history research and semi-structured interviews for the three female members in this family.The Indian Hakka Chinese, though spending more than 100 years in India, emigrate to other countries commonly. During the migration, this family well sustain their Chinese culture.This research reveals the following findings. Firstly, the identities in the family of this case show the differences between generations. The main deciding factor of their identities is based on both the ethnic identity of Chinese and Chinese culture. The second generation of immigrants in Sweden reveals the dual identities of Chinese culture and Swedish culture, which is consciously decided by them under the social and cultural background of the country of residence.Secondly, this case's family demonstrates a strong atmosphere of Chinese cultural identity in their daily life. The most significant symbol is that family members use Hakka to communicate at home. Furthermore, their cultural values follow a Chinese tradition of family-centred and ethical cultural values. However, in this case, Chinese culture is not as complete as the Chinese mainstream society. It also includes foreign elements in the country of residence. This clearly shows the process of Chinese overseas adapting and integrating with the country of residence.Thirdly, the influencing factors to this case's Chinese cultural identity include the Chinese community in Kolkata India, usage of Chinese language, Chinese education, intermarriage, and the external environment of Swedish society based on democracy multi-culturalism and popularization of internet information under globalization. The key factor in constructing and maintaining the Chinese cultural identity, in this case, is that the elders consciously insist on preserving Chinese tradition in this family.To sum up, this study's results contribute to the knowledge and understanding of Chinese overseas' cultural identity in Sweden. / 本论文以瑞典一个来自印度加尔各答的客家华人家庭进行个案研究，采用生命史研究的视角、半结构式的深度访谈法访问三位家庭女性成员，探讨瑞典的海外华人的文化认同，尤其是中国文化的认同。在海外延续百年的印度客家华人再度从印度移出已是常态，而此个案家庭中国文化的传承未曾中断。个案研究结果发现：首先，个案的身份认同呈现出世代的差异，身份认同以中国人的族群认同及中国文化认同为最主要的决定因素，移民瑞典第二代显示出中国及瑞典文化的双重文化认同，是历经所处的社会文化环境选择的文化认同。其次，此个案展现出浓厚的中国文化认同形式，以客家话的使用最为显著，也展现出以家庭为中心、注重伦理的文化价值观，然而不像中国主流社会文化的完整，而是包含了居住国的外国元素，显见海外华人在居住国适应、融合的过程。最后，影响个案维护中国文化认同的因素，包括：印度加尔各答的华人社区、世代的传承、中文的使用、中文教育、族内通婚、以民主为基础的多元文化瑞典社会的外部生存环境、全球化下网际网络资讯的普及等因素，而家中长辈有意识地传承与坚持，是文化认同建构及维护最重要也是最主要的因素。总之，本论文的研究结果可为瑞典海外华人的文化认同增添知识与理解。

本論文の目的は、人文社会系分野における産官学連携が産業界・行政・大学三者に対して大きな価値を提供していることを検証することにある。そのための枠組みとして「産官学連携概念モデル」及び「統合型産官学連携類型モデル」に基づき仮説「人文社会系産官学連携は、理工生物系産官学連携と同様、産・官・学の三者に対して価値を生み出している」を、多様なデーター分析や事例研究、及び文献研究より検証を行った。 / The purpose of this paper is to verify that industry-government-academia collaboration in the humanities and social fields provides great value to industry, government, and universities. As a framework for that, the hypothesis based on the "industry-government-academia collaboration concept model" and the "integrated industry-government-academia collaboration type model" "Creating value for" was verified by various data analysis, case studies, and literature studies. / 博士(技術・革新的経営) / Doctor of Philosophy in Technology and Innovative Management / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

首章導論，分述問題的本質，研究目的與研究架構、研究範圍與研究方法（包括問卷 設計、預試、發送、回收及分析方法等）。次章為相關文獻之探討，摘萃一些有關商 店特徵和顧客特徵的文獻和各家說法，並就其犖犖大者分述模式和各實證研究結果。 第三章則著手分析收回之問卷，探討顧客據以評判之各項商店屬性。第四章乃著眼於 顧客特徵與商店特徵之關聯，以窺不同組群中對商店特徵是否持有不同的看法，顧客 特徵以生活格調為主，各項人文變數亦在分析之列。末章將研究結果予以總結，並略 記其於零售行銷組合之涵義，和研究之限制。

第一章結論，計三節，首先敘明研究動機、目的與方法，以及蘭陽地區自然環境與人 文概況，並分析本地區之氣象水文。 第二章計四節，論及水資源開發利用之現況，第一節探討目前治山防洪規畫，包括集 水區保育、防共工程、區域排水各方面；第二節敘述本地區水污染之現狀及防治方法 ；第三第四兩節則分析農業用水與公共給水之現況，並探討本地區農田水利組織與供 水系統之功能。 第三章則研究本地區水資源開發之途徑，首節敘述與建水庫與水力發電；第二節敘述 地下水之開發；第三節則作未來各標的用水量之推估，進而探討用水量標的轉換之可 行性；第四節提出游憩系統設計。 第四章為扼要性之結論與個人建議。

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數位典藏是將物件以數位影像的形式進行典藏，並放置在網路系統供使用者瀏覽，能達到流通推廣與保存維護的效果。但在目前資訊爆炸的時代，數位典藏若僅透過詮釋資料描述是無法有效幫助使用者獲得內容資訊，唯有將之建置成全文檢索模式，才能方便使用者快速檢索到所需資訊，而光學字元辨識技術（簡稱OCR）能協助進行全文內容的輸出。 本研究藉由實際操作OCR軟體辨識明代古籍，探究古籍版式及影像對於軟體辨識結果之影響；藉由深度訪談訪問有實際參與數位典藏全文化經驗之機構人員，探究機構或個人對於計畫施行之觀點與考量。結果發現，雖然實際辨識結果顯示古籍版式與影像會對於OCR辨識有所影響，綜合訪談內容得知目前技術層面已克服古籍版式的侷限，但對於影像品質的要求仍然很高，意指古籍影像之品質對OCR的辨識影響程度最大；雖然OCR辨識技術已經有所突破，顯示能善用此技術協助進行全文資料庫的建立，但礙於技術陌生、經費預算、人力資源等因素，使得多數機構尚未運用此技術協助執行數位典藏全文化。 本研究建議，機構日後若有興趣執行數位典藏全文化計畫，首先，需要制定經常出適合機構執行的作業流程，並且瞭解自身欲處理物件之狀況，好挑選出適合的輸入處理模式；再者，需要多與技術廠商溝通協調，瞭解所挑選之物件是否符合處理上的成本效益；最後，綜合典藏機構與使用者之需求考量下，建議未來採取與OCR廠商合作的方式，由使用者自行挑選需要物件進行OCR辨識，校對完成後將全文內容回饋給典藏機構。這樣不僅能瞭解使用者需求為何，也能降低機構全文校對所耗費的成本。 / Digital Archives, placed in the network system for users to browse, change the collection into the digital images, and can help to preserve the collection and promote the content information. However, in the era of information explosion, Digital Archives can’t help users to retrieve the information in the collection by simply recording metadata. So, only when built into the full text retrieval can Digital Archives provide users with a quick retrieval of the information they want. And the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) can help to output the full text information. The study explores the ancient books’ format and impact of image quality on the recognition results by recognizing the ancient books of the Ming dynasty with the OCR software. The study also explores institutional as well as individual views and considerations by in-depth interviewing institutional staff with experiences in the full text of Digital Archives plan. From the result we can discover that though the ancient books’ format and image quality do have influences on the recognition results, the overall interview suggests that the technology has overcome the limitation of the format under the high requirement for the image quality; that is, the quality of ancient books’ images is the most influential factor in the recognition results. Although the OCR already has the breakthrough in assisting the establishment of the full text database, most institutions have not yet applied this technology to full-textualization of the Digital Archives due to technical unfamiliar, budget, human resources and other factors. The study suggests that if some day one institution is interested in working on the the full text of the Digital Archives project, it firstly needs to develop a proper SOP and needs to understand the conditions of their ready-to-be-textualized collections so that it can adopt a suitable input mode. Secondly, this institution needs to communicate with the OCR company more so that it can realize whether the chosen collection fits the cost-effectiveness. Finally, under the considerations of both the institution and users, the study suggests that institutions can cooperate with OCR companies in the future, so users can choose collections for OCR recognition on their own and give the full text to the institutions as feedback after proofreading. This can not only understand users’ needs but also reduce the cost of the proofreading for the institution.

在傳統的人文研究中，人文學者大多以如古籍珍善本、歷史文獻等紙本出版形式之文本為主要研究文本型式，但是隨著資訊社會的來臨，許多研究機構陸續將這些紙本資料進行數位化並建置數位典藏資料庫，對人文研究環境與知識取得管道帶來巨大的改變，基於數位閱讀之文本研究型式也成為必然的發展趨勢。 因此，本研究發展支援數位人文研究之「文本自動標註系統」，藉由Linked Data的概念匯集來自不同資料庫的資源，並加以整合後，替文本進行自動註解，讓使用者在解讀文本時能夠即時參照其他資料庫的資源，並提供友善的具文本標註之閱讀介面，以利於人文學者透過閱讀進行資料的解讀。本研究以實驗研究法比較本研究所發展之「文本自動標註系統」與「MARKUS文本半自動標註系統」在支援人文學者進行文本資料解讀之閱讀成效與科技接受度是否具有顯著差異，並輔以半結構式深度訪談了解人文學者對於本研究發展之「文本自動標註系統」的看法及感受，也進一步分析「文本自動標註系統」閱讀成效、科技接受度及使用者行為歷程之間是否具有關聯性。 實驗結果發現，採用本研究發展之文本自動標註系統的閱讀成效高於MARKUS文本半自動標註系統，但未達顯著差異；而科技接受度分析結果則顯示文本自動標註系統之科技接受度顯著優於MARKUS文本半自動標註系統。另外，從訪談結果歸納得知，文本自動標註系統閱讀介面簡潔明瞭，比MARKUS文本半自動標註系統更適合閱讀，而閱讀介面是否易於使用與是否有用，是影響人文學者能否接受採用系統輔助數位人文研究的重要因素。此外，在兩個系統類似功能比較分析後也發現，文本自動標註系統在查詢詞彙功能、連結到來源網站功能及新增標註功能都比MARKUS文本半自動標註系統更為直覺易用。另外人文學者普遍認為斷句功能比自動斷詞功能更重要，鏈結來源資料庫則以萌典最有幫助。最後，採用文本自動標註系統之閱讀成效與使用者行為歷程之間無顯著關聯性。 / In traditional humanities research, most humanities scholars studied text-type paper-based publishing texts, such as rare ancient books and historical literature. However, many research institutes, in the information society, gradually digitalized such paper-based data and established digital archives database to result in great changes in humanities research environment and knowledge acquisition channels. The research pattern with digital reading based texts became the essential development trend. For this reason, an “automatic text annotation system” for supporting digital humanities research is developed in this study. Resources from distinct database are gathered through Linked Data and integrated for the automatic annotation of texts. It allows users immediately referring to resources from other database when interpreting texts and provides friendly reading interface with text annotation for humanities scholars interpreting data through reading. With experimental research, the “automatic text annotation system” developed in this study is compared with “MARKUS semi-automatic text annotation system” for supporting humanities scholars interpreting text data to discussed the difference in reading achievement and technology acceptance. Semi-structured in-depth interviews are also proceeded to understand humanities scholars’ opinions and perception about the “automatic text annotation system” developed in this study as well as to analyze the correlations among reading achievement, technology acceptance, and user behavior course of the “automatic text annotation system”. The experimental findings show that the reading achievement with the automatic text annotation system developed in this study is higher than that with MARKUS semi-automatic text annotation system, but not achieving the significance. The technology acceptance analysis reveals remarkably better technology acceptance of the automatic text annotation system than MARKUS semi-automatic text annotation system. According to the interviews, the reading interface of the automatic text annotation system is simple and clear that it is more suitable for reading than MARKUS semi-automatic text annotation system. The ease of use and usefulness of reading interface is a key factor in humanities scholars accepting the system for the digital humanities research. In regard to the comparison of similar functions between two systems, the functions of vocabulary enquiry, linking to source web sites, and annotation appending of the automatic text annotation system are more intuitive and easy to use than those of MARKUS semi-automatic text annotation system. What is more, humanities scholars emphasize more on the sentence segmentation function than the automatic word segmentation function, and the linked source database, Moedict, appears the best assistance. Finally, there is no significant correlation between reading achievement and user behavior course with the automatic text annotation system.