「如何做一個網路平台，讓讀者變成記者，好來幫我們產生內容，或協助我們產生內容?」2005年網路媒體界最熱門的話題，就是由OhMyNews這個韓國公民媒體所掀起的「全民皆記者」現象。然則，橘逾淮可能為枳，將讀者變記者的關鍵因素為何？當我們想實際創建一個全民可以參與的開放性新聞平台時，會碰到什麼問題？又該如何克服？本研究從社會資本的角度出發，針對資源、結構、行動者三大面向提出平台設計的行動假設，並實際建構一個全民新聞平台WEnews.cc，經過半年的上線資料蒐集，研究社會資本概念可以如何導入網路社群平台，並檢討有哪些因素會影響社會資本要素在平台上運用。結果發現，平台所預設的位置結構對社會資本在社群中的產生、流動與分配有著明顯的影響；社會資本雖然是鑲嵌在結構裡的資源，但是居於結構洞的媒體代理人（平台管理者）若能有效的導入外部資源，也能有效的激勵社群行動。

爭議多年的樂生療養院拆遷事件，2007年在網路上引發強大的保留聲浪，部落客主動採訪、報導、串連、評論，讓樂生議題受到主流媒體及政治人物的矚目，進而影響政府決策。在公民新聞並不盛行的台灣，這些具有報導性質的書寫，展現了極大的公民媒體能量。 　　本論文從傳統的公民新聞意理出發，蒐集近年國內外重要的網路公民新聞經驗，探看網路時代公民新聞的變與不變；進而以樂生保留運動為主要案例，紀錄此一公民新聞浪潮爆發、凝聚力量、展現人氣的過程，這些積極的網路使用者運用Web2.0平台工具、在線上及線下活躍串流，讓他們適時填補主流媒體忽視的公共議題，形成一種公民傳播體系。他們的實踐經驗，也隱然投射出台灣公民社會的「運動型媒體」趨勢。 / The incident of Lo-Sheng Sanatorium has caused a dispute amongst our people for many years now. And when the incident aroused the support of majority to preserve the sanatorium through the world-wide web in 2007, bloggers began to voluntarily interview, report, link, and comment on the subject matter, which attracted the attention of mainstream media and political figures. And these attentions even affected the government’s final decision. In the land of Taiwan where civic journalism was not popular, these newsworthy articles show how great the power is of civic journalism. 　　This thesis starts with the traditional concept of civic journalism, introducing important cases on the web from all over the world and to probe into the constancy and inconstancy of civic journalism in the internet era. With the incident of Lo-Sheng Sanatorium as the main subject matter of this thesis, we’ll recount the process in which this citizen news broke-out, united citizen strengths and gained news value. These enthusiastic internet users made use the Web 2.0 tools to actively link everyone together, whether online or offline. They can also work as the supplement to the mainstream media and provide the news that was overlooked, which has now developed into some kind of citizen media system. This realization has also projected the trend of Taiwan society’s event-related media.

新加坡是個經濟繁榮、法治嚴明、資訊科技發達的城市國家，主流平面及電子媒體由報業控股公司（SPH）及新傳媒（Media Corp.）兩大集團壟斷，奉行「政府說了算」的新聞學意理，網路使用普及後，公民媒體乘勢興起。 Mr. Brown Show是由新加坡人民製作的政治諷刺播客（podcast），主要作者為資深部落客李健敏（Mr. Brown），持續發聲已逾三年，廣受歡迎。播客內容多為重現新聞時事的幽默短劇，以人民的觀點針砭時政，實踐公民新聞學（citizen journalism）。 筆者以播客發聲至今顯著性高的新聞議題為指標，選出四大議題共二十三則播客，將之謄寫、節譯為文字稿，以主流媒體（如《海峽時報》）報導為事件背景，對照播客內容，呈現Mr. Brown Show觀點，並歸納製作群的慣用表述策略，如文字遊戲、雙關語、偽裝角色等，申論政治諷刺拓展公民新聞學實踐的範疇。 Mr. Brown Show以播客為載具，網路為傳播平台，正好規避當局對傳統媒介的管制，更甚者，當局未干涉播客的諷刺評論，Mr. Brown Show為另類媒介提供生存線索，並拓寬當前播客的使用目的。 傳播科技帶來新媒體發展的可能性，本文取Mr. Brown Show為個案，以小窺大，除了看它如何利用播客實踐公民新聞學，也探討新媒體對統治當局的挑戰。 / This study examines the production of podcast by a Singaporean blogger Lee Kin Mun, a.k.a. Mr. Brown. He and his team have been utilizing the outcome of a technological convergence — podcast, in a most creative way to express their political views. By its own unique style of satire, Mr. Brown Show has survived in this city state’s closely regulated Internet sphere. In addition, it emerged as a good example of citizen journalism, providing survival tips for local alternative media. It remains to be seen, however, in what way Mr. Brown Show or its likes can make a difference on Singapore’s online democracy.

在這個新媒體時代，人人都有機會成為公民記者。本研究旨在探討一群不為金錢、不僅是為了組織發言的高參與度公民記者，試圖了解其形貌，以及持續不斷發文的原因。採用人本心理學之父Maslow的動機階層理論做為研究梗概，以PeoPo公民新聞平台中的公民記者為研究對象，從符合研究條件的公民記者中，隨機挑選八位公民記者進行探究。 本研究採用文本分析及深度訪談做為研究方法。透過文本分析，分析八位高參與度公民記者在平台上發表的所有報導，了解發文頻率、型態、文章與Tag分類、節目採用與讀者回應狀況…等五個類目，並輔以半結構式深度訪談，達到主客對照，進行探討。 經由研究後發現，這群高參與度公民記者有三個特色：（1）中壯年；（2）上班族；（3）社區大學成員、課程培訓學員、志工。他們對於報導公民新聞保持著相當積極的態度，主要採用影音方式呈現，其新聞常受到媒體採用，且有一定的讀者回饋。在製作公民新聞的過程中，「歸屬和愛」、「自尊」、「自我實現」三個需求，是高參與度公民記者最主要的參與動機，其中，「自我實現」更以Z理論中「健康型自我實現」為主。 / Everyone has the opportunity to become citizen journalists in this new media age. This study focused on a group of PeoPo’s citizen journalists who participate highly not just for money or organization. In order to figure out the “shape” and reasons why they keep posting on PeoPo, the study based on the Maslow’s Theory of Needs Hierarchy. This research used Contextual analysis and Semi—Structured Depth Interview as approaches. Contextual analysis helped to figure out their report on PeoPo, and to understand posting frequency, patterns, articles and Tag classification, media adopted and audience response. Also, the research interviewed eight PeoPo’s citizen journalists by simple random sampling to realize the group. Through the research found that these high participatory citizen journalists has three common characteristics: (1) middle age; (2) white-collar workers; (3) members of the community college, course trainees, and volunteers. They maintain a positive attitude toward reporting and always use video to present. Their reports usually are adopted by media and obtain audience feedback. These high participatory citizen journalists in the process have three major needs, included" belongingness and love needs"," esteem-needs "and “healthy-self-actualization needs”. Keywords: High participatory citizen journalists, Motivation of report, PeoPo, Citizen journalism

本內容分析研究主流報紙海峽時報和公民新聞網The Online Citizen在新加坡同性戀議題上的報導。本文圍繞兩個重要事件，研究這兩個新聞媒體如何報導同性戀相關新聞。1）前總理吳作棟在2003年接受時代雜誌採訪時表示，公共機關會為同性戀者提供平等的就業機會。2）新加坡政府於2006年檢討《新加坡刑法典》並決定保留視男同性戀者之間的性行為違法的第377A條。本研究試圖了解政府面對同性戀課題態度上的轉變如何影響傳統媒體對於同性戀相關新聞的呈現。卡方檢定結果顯示，海峽時報的新聞焦點、新聞欄目、故事類型、故事主題、新聞來源數量、主要新聞來源的身份以及對同性戀抱持的態度，在兩個重大事件中有顯著的差異。另外，該研究還發現支持同性戀的新聞語氣多數源於普通人，而反同性戀的新聞語氣往往來自官方。本文也發現新聞媒體與對同性戀抱持的態度，兩者存在重要的關係。最後，海峽時報在報導同性戀相關課題時，相較The Online Citizen，主題更多元。另一方面，後者和前者比起來，故事框架更加多樣化。 / This content analytic study investigated the reporting approaches of a mainstream newspaper — Straits Times and a citizen journalism site — The Online Citizen on homosexual issues in Singapore. This paper examines the reporting pattern of these two news outlets in the coverage of homosexuality surrounding two important issues — (1) the interview by Time magazine with former Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong conducted in 2003, in which he openly commented about nondiscriminatory policies towards the gay people in the country for the first time. (2) The initiation to review the Penal Code in 2006 whereby Section 377A was not repealed after gay supporters petitioned to abolish the law that criminalizes homosexuality. The purpose is to find out how gays were represented in the media with the shift in politics of homosexuality. Using Chi-square tests, the results indicated that there is significant relation between news focus, news section, story type, topic, number of sources, identity of dominant news sources and attitude with time for the Straits Times. In addition, this paper found evidence that pro-gay news tone were likely to come from official source whereas anti-gay news tone tended to originate from ordinary source. Significant relations were also found between attitude and news outlets. Lastly, Straits Times was better diversified in terms of topics of gay-related stories while The Online Citizen was more diversified with regards to story frames.

媒體網路科技的發展以及數位技術的解放，讓個人媒體開始出現。這些草根媒體不論在型態或是內容產製上都與過去的大眾媒體有很大的差異。2000年韓國出現了強調人人都是記者的公民新聞媒體《Ohmynews》，短短幾年成為韓國前10大影響力的新聞媒體，也讓公民新聞開始受重視。在察覺公民新聞的發展趨勢以及擴大台灣公共電視影響力的需求下，2007年4月30日PeoPo公民新聞平台正式成立運作，它是第一個強調以影音為主的公民新聞媒體，也是強調人人皆可參與的開放新聞平台。 一年的運作下來，PeoPo公民新聞平台不論在公民記者人數的成長或是新聞數量的增加都有了相當的成績，並且舉辦過多場活動展現了草根媒體的影響力。透過PeoPo公民新聞平台，更多人有了公共參與以及關心社區事物的機會，也看到了不同地區、年齡、背景的民眾參與公民報導的實踐。 本研究將透過實際參與PeoPo新聞平台發展一年觀察的田野筆記，呈現PeoPo公民新聞平台發展的軌跡；並且透過量化的問卷以及質性的深度訪談，了解PeoPo公民新聞平台在公眾參與以及多元報導上的表現。