博物館中的圖書館支援母機構蒐藏、研究、展示、教育等各項工作，促進博物館功能的實踐，提升博物館服務的品質，間接塑造了博物館學術且專業的形象。因此，博物館中常設有圖書館，近年來，博物館之圖書館更成為數個專業圖書館協會中討論的類別。本研究以實地訪問法，配合電話訪問及郵寄問卷，調查國內22個博物館之圖書館，目的在瞭解它們的經營現況，並對未來博物館之圖書館的經營提出建議。 本研究發現，調查中的博物館之圖書館多附設於母機構一級單位下，且隸屬不同部門；約有半數無專職人員，為兼辦業務；專業協會歸屬性不甚高；在圖書館業務運作上，其特點為：館藏專門性高、資料類別與採訪途徑多元化、藏書量在萬冊之譜、西文資料的分類法歧異性大、半數圖書館採用自動化系統、館藏資訊網路化尚在起步階段、開架陳列、不排拒來自館外的使用者，及以傳統被動的閱覽與諮詢服務為主等。在圖書館支援母機構蒐藏、研究、展示、教育等功能上，整體而言，主動積極的支援活動不多，但對博物館內部的研究風氣與對外呈現的服務品質上，有正面的貢獻與價值，值得投注更多心力。 根據調查結果，提出以下八點建議，作為博物館之圖書館經營上的參考：(1)儘快擬訂館藏發展政策；(2)提升圖書館的組織地位；(3)最少有一位專職的圖書館員及一位圖書館助理；(4)加入相關的專業組織；(5)加速圖書館自動化及網路化；(6)擴大圖書館服務對象；(7)加強圖書館行銷；(8)進行圖書館使用評估。此外，亦對圖書館員、圖書館學會、博物館學會、及專門圖書館學教育提出相關建議，希冀在各方配合與協助下，博物館之圖書館得以健全地發展，發揮其應有的功能。

隨著個人電腦與網際網路的普及，學生的學習方式依承載媒介與傳播模式的演進逐漸產生改變，並產生了不同的知識與學習需求。知識建構為一種以討論進行知識的重組與建構歷程，並從中達到激發創意的效果，利用知識建構學習方式固然能讓學生進行更深入的學習與互動，但仍有知識產出深度與參與程度不足等問題。為求更積極地培養學生知識建構能力、資訊素養技術，進而滿足並促進學生的學習效果。 身為學校知識薈萃之地的圖書館，除提供知識外，更應主動提供相關服務，不僅輔助學習者解決在資訊檢索時的問題或評估選擇的困難，同時也可協助教師，參與學習相關的工作。傳統圖書館在參與學生學習活動時，一般都是扮演被動提供學生所需資源的角色，然而隨著教學方式與資訊傳播媒介的轉變，圖書館的角色開始由被動提供學生所需資源到主動參與學生學習活動、課程的方向改變，走出原有傳統圖書館扮演功能的框架，逐步擴大其服務範圍。 本研究為了解圖書館員支援參與知識建構學習活動，是否真的能提升學生的知識建構學習成效與產生有效知識行為轉變，採取準實驗研究法，以知識建構理論為基礎的Knowledge Forum為學習平台，透過教材提供、教師與助教指導和館員協助不同學習階段進行知識建構學習，並以繪製概念圖為知識建構學習成效評量依據，驗證學生的知識成長與學習成效是否有顯著提升。在資料分析層面透過Knowledge Forum平台討論內容、學生三次概念圖作業成績與知識架構演進歷程、學生與館員互動的內容紀錄、期末報告與問卷等資料進行分析，以量化、知識結構和質性分析的方式，將概念圖進行矩陣處理後，利用UCINET社會網絡分析工具進行概念圖結構與知識組成的分析。 實驗結果可證明圖書館員參與知識建構學習確實有助於學生在知識結構層次的提昇及對於資料應用能力的增強。同時也從研究結果看出利用概念圖輔助學生進行知識建構學習，確實有助於學生知識建構歷程的記錄與成長，共計四點發現： 一、圖書館館員參與知識建構學習活動可促進學生更有效的共同知識建構行為的發生；二、圖書館館員參與知識建置學習活動能促進學生累積資訊素養技能與知識背景；三、圖書館館員參與知識建構學習活動促進學生概念圖的結構與命題內容轉變；四、以概念圖輔助學習能有效記錄學生的知識建構歷程與結構層次的轉變。 未來若能將此種圖書館館員支援參與知識建構學習的有效模式應用於其他學科的教學，將更能顯現出圖書館在教學過程中的重要性，且利於與教師和學生的合作經驗。 / As the increasing popularity of Internet, personal computers, and the evolution of information communication technology (ICTs), students' learning styles has also gradually changed for a variety of needs for knowledge and learning. Knowledge building, as an important concept, describes what a learning community needs to accomplish in order to create knowledge. It also refers to the process of creating new cognitive artifacts based on the common goals, group member discussions, and synthesis of ideas within community. Nevertheless, during the learning process of Knowledge building, there are some problems raised while guiding students to keep their in-depth discussion. In this study, we attempt to find out effective methodologies based on the assistance of library support, to promote learners’ participation, learning achievement and information literacy skills. First, this study introduces a way in which librarians participate in students’ learning process as tutor. Second, the research was conducted by quasi-experiment design; by which an on-line Knowledge Forum for students’ knowledge building learning environment is lunched. Discussion, learning activities and learning materials are delivered through Knowledge Forum. Researchers ask students choose one of four topics (Digital divide, Group dynamic, Attitudes and behavior change, Online persona) to discuss on Knowledge Forum. Students were asked to adopt concept mapping to construct their mind-map and knowledge flow in class. In addition, their learning performance was evaluated based on the process of knowledge mapping (3 times), the content of discussions, tasks, reports and grades. Their works of concept map were analyzed by UCINET, visualizing students’ mind changing, how they organized their knowledge, and to identify the positive effects on students’ performance. Moreover, the study also adopts various data gathering methodologies, such as questionnaires as well as the interaction records between librarians and students for overall understanding the Knowledge construction process. The results showed that librarians’ involvement in learning activities do help students’ improvement in knowledge constructing level, keeping their reflective process in-depth. The data also showed that students using concept maps in the knowledge building learning process as a sound way to assist their tasks accomplishment. This research suggests, in the future, there could be more successful collaboration, such as Knowledge building, among librarians, students, and teachers in different types of educational scenarios. Both educators and students will not only understand the importance of the Knowledge construction for better learning performance but also aware librarians as well as their service as an indispensable role in better education setting.

公共圖書館或小學圖書館就其任務和功能，均應予以配合而改變其經營形態。學校和圖書館的合作更讓閱讀習慣的培養從小紮根，讓學生生活在閱讀的氛圖中，自然而然會提高其閱讀的意願。期待公共圖書館與小學圖書館的合作是一個美好的起步，讓閱讀、媒體資訊素養在小學能永續且生根，讓每一個孩子都能成為未來世紀的學習者。 本研究旨在探討國外公共圖書館與小學圖書館合作之實例、國內公共圖書館與小學圖書館合作之模式、以及新竹市公共圖書館與小學圖書館圖書資源合作現況。本研究透過文獻蒐集與半結構式訪談法，以新竹市公共圖書館館員、新竹市小學圖書教師為研究對象。在資料分析上，所得結論如下： 1、國外公共圖書館與小學圖書館合作經驗相當豐富，圖書館皆設置專業館員、有完整的閱讀教育政策。合作機制有助於學校圖書館經營與推動閱讀教育、提高圖書館的使用。 2、國內公共圖書館與小學圖書館合作的模式以借閱證服務及推廣閱讀活動最 多，不僅提供圖書資源更結合在地文化共同辦理特色活動。 3、新竹市公共圖書館與小學圖書館之圖書資源合作互動少。主要影響合作因素為：經費上的支援、缺乏專業圖書館館員以及相關人員的支持。 根據本研究結果顯示，提出下列幾點建議：一、中央政府方面：推行長期專案計畫、增加公共圖書館正式編制人員、設置小學圖書館每校一名圖書教師、區公所圖書館統籌由縣市文化局管理、成立縣市圖書館館員協會。二、地方政府方面：整合各單位之資源並重視公共圖書館經營與管理。三、公共圖書館方面：加強媒體宣傳、主動與市立小學進行合作、組成合作團隊。四、國民小學方面：主動爭取公共圖書館的資源、成立校內圖書館組織委員會、提供教師與學生所需要的資源與支援。 / Public libraries or libraries in elementary schools should coordinate the tasks and functions to change the management styles. The cooperation between schools and libraries could have reading habits being cultivated from childhood and allow students enhancing the reading intention in the reading atmosphere. The cooperation between public libraries and libraries in elementary schools is expected as a wonderful start, allowing reading and media information literary sustainably being rooted from elementary schools and every child becoming a learner in future era. This study aims to discuss the cooperation examples between public libraries and libraries in elementary schools in foreign countries, domestic cooperation model between public libraries and libraries in elementary schools, and present cooperation situation of library resources between public libraries and libraries in elementary schools in Hsin Chu City. With literature review and semi-structured interviews, the public librarians and the teacher librarians in elementary schools in Hsin Chu City are selected as the research participants. The data analyses are concluded as below. 1. The cooperation between public libraries and libraries in elementary schools in foreign countries is rich. Professional librarians and complete reading education policies are established in the libraries. Such a cooperative scheme could benefit the management of school libraries and the promotion of reading education and enhance the library use. 2. Domestic cooperation model between public libraries and libraries in elementary schools focuses more on library card services and reading promotion, which not only provide library resources, but also combine local culture for characteristic activities. 3. Budget support, lack of professional librarians, and supports of relevant personnel are the major factors in little cooperative interaction of library resources between public libraries and libraries in elementary schools in Hsin Chu City. According to the research results, the following suggestions are proposed. 1. The central government should promote long-term projects to increase formal personnel for public libraries, establish a teacher librarian for the library in each elementary school, arrange libraries of district offices by the country/city culture bureau, and establish county/city librarian associations. 2. Local government should integrate the resources in various sectors and stress on the management of public libraries. 3. Public libraries should reinforce media promotion, actively cooperate with municipal elementary schools, and construct cooperation teams. 4. Elementary schools should actively strive for resources in public libraries, establish library organizing committees on campus, and provide teachers and students with required resources and supports. Key words: public library﹔elementary school libraries﹔teacher librarian ﹔Interlibrary Cooperation.

No description available.

鄉鎮圖書館為臺灣地區最基層之公立公共圖書館，關切鄉鎮圖書館營運問題，其發展能否跟得上現代化、科技化的腳步，足以勝任新世紀圖書館新功能和新角色，有效提升鄉鎮圖書館的營運成效，藉以提供相關主管單位、圖書館經營者及有志投入鄉鎮圖書館服務者，以及修訂相關法制時規劃參考之用，以期改善鄉鎮圖書館的服務。 本研究方法採用問卷調查及訪談方式，問卷調查宜蘭縣12所鄉鎮圖書館，輔以調查各鄉鎮圖書館人力資源，呈現各鄉鎮圖書館之經營情況。訪談則包含1位文化局圖書資訊課課長、12鄉鎮圖書館管理員及2位鄉鎮市長。 本研究結果呈現宜蘭縣鄉鎮圖書館基本上營運正常，但仍需持續改善：一、鄉鎮圖書館人員素質無法有效提升，發展受限，應培訓在職專業人力，努力爭取合理員額及專業人員的加入；二、鄉鎮圖書館財政困難，購書經費短少，藉由主動爭取補助款及妥善運用各項社會資源，以因應經費相關問題；三、館藏仍需持續充實及更新、典藏地方資料、定期進行館藏質量評鑑，以持續改善館藏資源；四、全縣公共圖書館採一證通用，流通政策統一，將來藉由館際代借代還，圖書館可較彈性的開放時間，持續提升服務品質與提高讀者滿意度；五、已完成圖書館網路化環境，成為鄉鎮網路資源的學習中心。 本研究建議：落實推展公共圖書館營運基準施行，有效擴展鄉鎮圖書館經費來源，加強館際合作交流、規劃圖書館合理員額，充實專業人力，主動積極辦理行動圖書館、社區書香小站，修訂相關法令，改進鄉鎮圖書館體制與編制，以促進鄉鎮圖書館之發展。 / There’s no doubt that Taiwan public libraries’ future prosperity will depend heavily on rural libraries management. As we stride into the 21st century, it is important to have public libraries fit modern and technical trends while rural libraries play a very important role in this issue. The result of this study provides the relate master unit, library management team and those who intend to devote themselves in rural library services with the reference of amending related regulations to enhance effectiveness of library operation and to improve rural library services. The methods of this study include questionnaire survey and interview. Questionnaire survey covers twelve rural libraries of I-Lan County, supported with libraries’ human resources to show the operation situation of each rural library. Interviews were made with one government officer from the Bureau of Cultural Affairs, twelve rural librarians and two rural government mayors. The result of this study indicates that libraries in the I-Lan County are basically running smoothly but still need improvement for the following: 1) to strengthen the training program for librarians and to attractive the participation of specialists. 2) due to shortage of financial resources and budget limitation, it is encouraged that well manage culture resources and donation from society. 3) update the collection quality and quantity. 4)to unify the system of inter-library loan service procedure and to simplify the inter institutional transmission in order to meet reader’s satisfaction. 5)completing the network for rural libraries in order to meet the goal for the community learning center. This study suggested the realization promotes the public library management into execution, effectively expands the rural libraries fund to originated, strengthens the inter institutional exchange program, the enrichment specialized manpower, initiative handles the motion library and circulating library also the revision correlation law to increase the effectiveness of operations and development for rural libraries.

本研究旨在探討字彙教學透過畫圖是否對字彙學習記憶方面有顯著效益。本實驗對象為八十九位桃園縣立平鎮高中高一兩班的新生，該兩班受試者經過全民英檢初級測試後證實幾乎具有相同英文能力，因此將其中一班視為實驗組，另一班則為控制組。兩組受試者接受三課的字彙教學以及一課單字自學。實驗組接受傳統字彙教學法，且須依照字彙的意義或字彙所形成之句子的意義來畫出一個圖。而控制組則只接受傳統字彙教學法。接受字彙教學後，兩組分別進行四次立即字彙測驗，四次延宕字彙測驗，以及第一次段考中的字彙測驗。最後，九位實驗組的受試者並接受訪談，從訪談中，調查他們對於此次實驗教學的滿意度。所有實驗階段所得的資料再由研究者進行質與量的分析。 研究發現，實驗組在所有的字彙測驗中都比控制組表現的好。此外，兩組之間大部分字彙測驗的結果均達顯著的差異。大部分受試者亦表示畫圖對於學習字彙的確有幫助。這些結果證實學習者透過畫圖可以幫助自己將字彙記得更深刻且更久，學習者可盡量利用畫圖記憶更多的字彙來增強英文能力。因此，本研究建議英文老師可在課堂上對學生介紹如何運用畫圖來改善字彙的學習與記憶。 / The purpose of the study was to explore the effectiveness of drawing on vocabulary learning. In addition, the students’ responses to the study were also discussed. Eighty-nine Taiwan students were selected from Ping-jeng senior high school in Taoyuan County. The subjects were further divided into two groups—the experimental group and the control group—of almost the same English proficiency level. The experimental group received the traditional vocabulary instruction plus drawing according to the meaning of the words or the sentences the words occur in, while the control group received the traditional vocabulary instruction only. Four immediate word quizzes, four delayed word quizzes, and the vocabulary section in the first periodical exam served as post tests. Finally, the instructor interviewed nine students from the experimental group to examine their responses to the study. The data collected in the experimental period were analyzed through both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results show that the experimental group performed better than the control group on all the post tests. Moreover, most students interviewed took positive attitude toward the study. In other words, the results provide empirical evidence that drawing indeed has positive effects on vocabulary learning. Students can utilize drawing to memorize as much vocabulary as possible to strengthen their English proficiency. Thus, English teachers are encouraged to introduce drawing to students in class in order to facilitate the learners’ vocabulary learning.

超級混合圖是一個 H = (X,C,D) 的表示法，其中X是代表點集合，而C和D是X的部分子集合，稱為邊。一個嚴格k種顏色可著色法指的是由X的點集對應到{1,2,…,k}的一種關係，其中C代表每一個C邊至少有兩個點同色，而D代表每一個D邊至少有兩個點不同色。C和D都有可能是空集合。假如超過(少於)k並沒有可著色的方法數，則k稱為最大著色數(最小著色數)。而H的每個邊都恰好有r個點則稱為r均勻超級混合圖。 對於r均勻C超級混合圖，如果限定了最大著色數大於等於k的話，則將會改變最大著色數的邊數。如果要找出滿足此條件的最大著色數的最大的邊數，我們主要區分成三種不同的情形來討論，分別是r比k大、r比k小和r = k。 / A mixed hypergraph is a triple H = (X, C,D), where X is the vertex set, and each of C,D is a list of subsets of X. A strict k-coloring is a onto mapping from X to {1,2, . . . , k} such that each C ∈ C contains two vertices have a common value and each D ∈ D has two vertices have distinct values. Each of C,D may be empty. The maximum(minimum) number of colors over all strict k-colorings is called the upper(lower) chromatic number of H and is denoted by χ^¯(H)(χ(H)). If a hypergraph H has no multiple edges and all its edges are of size r, then H is called an r-uniform hypergraph. We want to find the maximum number of edges for r-uniform C-hypergraph of order n with the condition χ^¯(H) ≥ k, where k is fixed. We will solve this problem according to three different cases, r < k, r = k and r > k.

本研究一反非裔美籍女性(Afor-American women)在美國社會中慣常扮演的她者(the Other)角色，將此一族群作為研究的主體，力圖呈現其未經相對主體(the relative subjects)矯飾的原貌－亦即力圖還原該族群成員間愛欲情恨糾葛的她我關係。 小說中兩位女主角的關係可分為三個階段來探討；以語言和主體的互動來看，這三個階段約略構成一螺旋圖形(spiral form)。本文分別以巴赫汀、沙特和拉崗的主客體理論架構來詮釋蘇拉與奈爾的青少年時期、蘇拉重返小鎮與蘇拉死後奈爾的頓悟(epiphany)三個階段。最初，小說中的兩位主角訴諸語言的實踐成功地建構彼此的完整性；後來卻脫離語言的領域，向著不同的其他主體移動、靠攏，企圖找尋脫離語言存在的主體；最後，主體又回歸語言的領域，但因為一切客觀條件已然改變，主體再也不能獲致當初與語言完美的結合狀態。在語言與主體的無窮辯證過程中，本文藉由凸顯「他／她者」豐富的存在內涵，鬆動既有的主客位置成見，增進族群對話的空間。 / Toni Morrison has created in Sula a narrative which is untraditional in terms of Black female portraiture, subjectification, and self-identification. This study, focusing on the two heroines--Sula and Nel, attempts to provide a trinary interpretation of the self-Other relationship between them in order to present the inner contradictions and complexities among the Black female community. Bakhtinian Dialogism is adopted to examine Sula and Nel's adolescent intimacy. Language as an ideal media provides both of them opportunities to know themselves and the Other better in their numerous dialogues. By making good use of their situational differences, inherently or ideologically, they achieve a complementary inter-subjectivities. However, at the end of this section the study challenges the effectiveness of Bakhtinian dialogism because of the fragile dialogic premises. Sula's return to Medallion inaugurates a different stage of their relationship. Sartrean Subject-Other paradigm is used to scrutinize this stage of their mutual objectification. After normal communicative language is abandoned, they appeal to means of invalidating, mystificating, and isolating the Other while they desperately try to protect their own subjectivity. Pretending to ignore each other does not prevent them from facing the paradox of their self-Other contradictions. Lacanian psychoanalytic approach is taken to explain Nel's epiphany after Sula's death. Their identifications can be traced back to the linguistic context they are placed in; and the issues of language and female subjectivity are re-defined. Applying theories concerning self-Other relations from Bakhtin, Sartre, and Lacan to study a text focusing on the Black female community, this thesismanifests how unlikely the balance between self and the Other is to be achieved However, at the same time the study presents the richness of a marginal group's existence and advocates an open and pluralized society by visualizing a space for"the Other."

迴歸分析通常被用來描述兩個或兩個以上變數間的關係，或藉由一群自變數來預測某一應變數的相關資訊。然而，通常我們只知道自變數會對應變數造成影響，至於兩者間真正的函數型態為何，卻不得而知。因此，本文試圖介紹不同型式的殘差圖，諸如：簡單殘差圖(simple residual plot)、加變數解釋圖(added-variable plot)、部份殘差圖（partial residual plot或component-plus-residual plot）、增加部份殘差圖(augmented partial residual plot)，藉由圖形所提供的資訊，希望能更有效率地找出適當的函數關係，將資料作轉換，使線性迴歸模式適用於轉換後的資料。 / The primary goal in a regression analysis is to understand how a response variable depends on one or more predictors, and to predict the value of response variable according to the predictors. However, most of the time, we only know that the predictors will have effect on the response variable, but not the true function of them. Therefore, some different forms of residual plot are considered in the study, including simple residual plot, added-variable plot, partial residual plot (or component-plus-residual plot), and augmented partial residual plot. In view of these residual plots, we can visualize easily the dependence of a response on predictors. Hence, after transforming the data using an appreciate function suggested by the plots, the data can be better fitted.

優美圖是圖論中較有趣的研究課題。在本文中，我們將對C_n⊕S_m的圖形提供一套優美的標法。 / Graceful graph is a more interesting research problem in the graph theory. In this paper, we will give a graceful labeling to the gragh C_n⊕S_m.