工具機不僅在機械產業占有一席之地，在製造業更是扮演舉足輕重的 角色，生活周遭所使用的物品，許多都是由工具機所製造。工具機產業的 核心技術，仰賴資深員工的經驗傳承，因此教育訓練是工具機廠商營運的 流程中重要的一環。傳統DEA 要求所有的投入、產出資料必須為量化的數 據，然而現實生活中有很多重要的變數難以量化，Likert 量表發明後，學 者們大量使用Likert 量表量化這些變數，但是Likert 量表尺度的公平性 是許多學者質疑的重點。模糊DEA 透過模糊理論，改善Likert 量表尺度 公平性的問題，因此本研究使用模糊DEA 進行工具機廠商教育訓練績效的 分析，並比較Likert 量表尺度下的DEA 與模糊DEA 實證結果的不同，研 究對象為民國96 年的台灣地區85 間工具機廠商。 幾項重要的實證分析結果如下： 1. 整體技術效率差者，多為訓練積極的廠商。 2. 部分規模效率差的廠商，純技術效率表現尚在中等水平，表示這些廠商 只是因為訓練較為積極，使得投入在生產規模遞減的水準。 3. 工具機產業的教育訓練普遍有浪費的現象，顯示只要投入少許資源即可 達到相當的成效，若要突破某個瓶頸，就要增加相當多的資源。 4. 整體而言使用Likert 量表尺度或是模糊DEA 的結果沒有顯著差異，但 是對於效率較佳的廠商來說，模糊DEA 具有較高的鑑別力。 / The machine tool plays an important role in not only machinery industry but also the whole manufacturing industry. Most of goods around us are made by the machine tool. The core technologies hold by experienced employees depends on training to pass down. Therefore, training is an essential process in machine tool factories. In traditional DEA, all inputs and outputs need to be numeric data. But in reality, there are many key variables are hard to be measured in numeric. After Likert scale being invented, the scholars widely use the scale to evaluate these key variables. However, there is criticism of the equity in Likert scale. Fuzzy DEA corrects this disadvantage of Likert scale with fuzzy theory. As a result, this study evaluates the training efficiency of 85 Taiwanese machine tool manufacturers in 2007 with fuzzy DEA and comparers the result between fuzzy DEA and the method of Likert scale. Some important conclusions are shown as follow: 1. Most of the inefficient DMUs are active about training. 2. Although some DMUs are bad in scale efficiency, they are fair in pure technical efficiency. It explains that these DMUs just input at decrease return to scale (DRTS) level. 3. Generally, there is waste of training in this industry. The empirical result tells us they can obtain certain effects with little input. If they want to break through some bottle neck of training effects, they have to input tremendous resources. 4. As a whole, there is no difference between the result of fuzzy DEA and the method of Likert scale. However, there is better discrimination of efficient DMUs in fuzzy DEA.

本文主要內容在對我國工具機海外競爭能力做整體性的分析。工業的發展，由原料、 零件、設計、製造、品管、包裝、行銷財務調度、人才培養等等構成一緊密的系統， 任一環節的操作不良都將影響整體功能，而外在的經濟環境與競爭對手的強弱亦皆關 係著系統的績效。本研究即從各個層面來分析我國工具機產業所具有的外銷競爭能力 ，限於影響因素的眾多、複雜與多變，而國際間資料收集又有困難，研究重點放在產 業結構與營運現況的分析，經由實證的調查研究來發掘問題，尋求解決，以強化產品 的市場競爭能力，進而帶動工業的升級。

壹、機械工業為未來經濟發展之重鎮，為促使機械產品在品質達相當水準時順利外銷 ，以技術較領先、發展情形較健全的工具機生產廠家為研究對象，研究其當前採行的 促銷策略。 貳、挑選機械工業、運輸工具工業、金屬制品業廠家為工具機使用廠家之代表，研究 其對生產廠家促銷組合之態度反應及實際購買行為，並比較其差異。 參、蒐集整理有助於促銷實務的各種文獻，並修正消費品的促銷策略決策模式，使之 適用於工業產品。 肆、本研究可瞭解我國工具機生產廠家之促銷策略施行現狀，並根據使用廠家的意見 ，參考理智性的決策模式，能對業界有實質幫助，加速工具機工業的升段與發展。

本研究針對台灣工具機產業廠商，探索其研發專案知識管理對新產品開發績效的影響，及其技術知識特質對知識管理的關聯性。本論文以深入個案訪談法為主要的研究方法，訪談國內具代表地位的二家工具機業大廠之設計及開發部門，並自其中各選擇二個研發專案作為研究對象。 　　本研究歸納分析所得到的研究發現如下： 　　【研究發現一】研發專案知識吸收來源愈多、範圍愈廣、組織學習活動愈多，其新產品開發績效愈高。 　　【研究發現二】研發專案知識創造技術突破愈多、創新價值愈高，其新產品開發績效愈高。 　　【研究發現三】研發專案知識蓄積文件化程度愈高、蓄積活動愈多、累積專案核心能耐愈多，其新產品開發績效愈高。 　　【研究發現四】研發專案知識擴散方式愈多、擴散活動愈多，其新產品開發績效愈高。 　　【研究發現五】技術知識變動程度對研發專案的知識管理有明顯的影響。 　　【研究發現六】技術知識外顯程度對研發專案的知識管理有明顯的影響。 　　【研究發現七】技術知識路徑相依度對研發專案知識管理的影響，似乎不是很明顯。 　　【研究發現八】技術知識模組化程度對研發專案知識管理的影響，似乎不是很明顯。 　　【研究發現九】技術知識複雜化程度對研發專案的知識管理有明顯的影響。 　　因此，本研究建議企業為了提升新產品開發的成效，的確需要強化知識管理，同時其研發部門應設計符合技術知識特質及利於推動知識管理的組織型態與作為。平時應作好內部技術傳承及外部技術來源佈置工作，並在新產品開發不同階段妥善配置適合的資源與人力。 / This research is focused on Taiwan's CNC machine industries for exploring the impacts of knowledge management on the performance of new product development. The influence of the characteristics of technological knowledge on knowledge management is also studied. The research was conducted mainly based on deep case studied. The research subjects include four R&D projects two which are selected from two companies of CNC machine industry. 　　The preliminary conclusions are as follows: 　　1. The more the R&D project knowledge is absorbed from different sources, wide ranges,and multiple organizational learning activities, the better the performance of new product development would be. 　　2. The more the R&D project knowledge creates the technological breakthrough and thenewly added value, the better the performance of new product development would be. 　　3. The more the R&D project knowledge is accumulated with the documentation, the amass of activities, and the core resourcefulness, the better the performance of new product development would be. 　　4. The more the R&D project knowledge is diffused in different patterns and activities, the better the performance of new product development would be. 　　5. There exists a direct relationship between the knowledge management of R&D project and the degree of change of technological knowledge. 　　6. There exists a direct relationship between the knowledge management of R&D project and the degree of explicitness of technological knowledge. 　　7. There doesn't exist a direct relationship between the knowledge management of R&D project and the degree of path dependence of technological knowledge path. 　　8. There doesn't exist a direct relationship between the knowledge management of R&D project and the degree of modualization of technological knowledge. 　　9. There exists a direct relationship between the knowledge management of R&D projects and the degree of complexity of technological knowledge. 　　As a result, it is suggested that the R & D departments of the companies possessed with different characteristics of technological knowledge should design the organizational form and activities that are conformed to the characteristics of technological knowledge for facilitating the practices of knowledge management. 　　The internal technology inheritance and the external technology resource deployment have to be executed ordinarily; and the appropriate resources as well as human powershall be properly allocated in accordance with the different steps of new product development with a view to intensifying the satisfactory result.

2002年元月，美國小布希總統宣稱北韓與伊拉克、伊朗，同屬「邪惡軸心」（Axis of Evil）國家，這些國家均係美國列入防止核武擴散之對象，於是北韓與美國關係旋墜落谷底，北韓之鬥爭策略是先昇溫，復加壓，然後迫使美國讓步；北韓復於2006年10月9日，正式對外宣布成功進行地下核武試驗，此舉無疑對東亞及國際安全均帶來衝擊。台灣基於同為亞太國家成員之一，應該理解北韓核武危機所牽動東北亞安全環境變化，以及美國、日本、中國及俄羅斯等國家多邊體系關係，倘北韓核武危機未能圓滿解決，擁核後之北韓除易成為東北亞潛伏威脅外，將引起日本加速武裝。北韓除製造核武問題外，北韓經濟困頓、民不聊生，朝鮮勞動黨為維繫獨裁政權統治，大肆販售飛彈等軍火牟取利益，甚至遭控訴涉及國際間多起販毒、製造假煙及偽造美鈔事件，而台灣位居東亞海空交通樞紐，台灣海峽為北韓船隻往來必經之路，因而有必要瞭解北韓政軍經現況，深入剖析北韓對於國際間衍生種種安全問題，訂定因應措施，以確保國家安全。 由於台灣外交情勢嚴峻，往往無法參與區域性國際組織，北韓乃伺機對台洽購精密儀器或刺探高科技產業技術，使得台灣容易成為北韓覬覦獲得國際管制性物品漏洞，本論文試圖探究並思索如何防止北韓向台灣採購可供軍事用途之精密儀器等用品，或可供生產提昇國防武器裝備之科技機器流向北韓，並配合國際反恐措施予以列管，這樣不僅符合國際利益，而且可以提昇台灣國際形象與國家地位；況且台灣亦有必要隨時瞭解國際上及美、歐等先進國家之最新出口管制措施，從而監督台灣廠商禁止將進口之高科技戰略性物品與生產之精密工具機，輾轉出口至管制地區（包括：伊朗、伊拉克、利比亞、北韓、中國、古巴、蘇丹等國），並配合國際防止擴散組織，共同防止大規模毀滅性武器擴散，形成全球安全之出口管制制度。 / In January 2002, President George W. Bush declared North Korea, Iraq, and Iran as an “axis of evil”. These countries are regarded as subject to the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons by the U.S. As a result, the relationship between North Korea and the U.S. has deteriorated. North Korea has attempted to gradually increase pressure to force the U.S. to concede; on October 9, 2006, North Korea officially announced the success of its secret nuclear weapon test, which undoubtedly made a tremendous impact on security in East Asia and the world. As a member of the Asia Pacific Region, Taiwan should understand how security in Northeast Asia changes due to the fact that North Korea is now a country with nuclear weapons. Taiwan should also be aware of the multilateral relations between the U.S., Japan, China, and Russia. Without a satisfactory solution to the threat of North Korean nuclear weapons, Japan may accelerate its military build-up in response to this lurking danger in Northeast Asia. Besides the nuclear weapon issue, North Korea has a poor economy and starving people. The Korean Workers’ Party has been accused of being involved in arms sale (such as missiles), international drug smuggling, counterfeit tobacco products, and counterfeit U.S. banknotes in order to maintain its dictatorship. As Taiwan’s geographic position is vital in the air and sea transport in East Asia, it is imperative for Taiwan to understand North Korea’s politics, armed forces, and economy. Taiwan must analyze and understand international security issues related to North Korea and map out corresponding actions so as to ensure national security. Due to its difficult diplomatic situation, Taiwan is unable to join many regional organizations. Therefore, North Korea takes this opportunity to purchase precision devices or pry into high technology from Taiwan. This makes Taiwan prone to become a legal loophole of which North Korea can take advantage to obtain international control items. This study investigates the ways for Taiwan to prevent North Korea from purchasing precision devices for military use or high-tech machinery that can improve defense weapons. In addition, the study also discusses how Taiwan can have better export control against North Korea by conforming to international anti-terror measures. To follow international principles is not only in line with global interests, but can also improve Taiwan’s international image and status. Therefore, Taiwan must keep itself updated of the latest export control measures implemented by the U.S., Europe, and other advanced countries. By doing so, Taiwan government can also prevent corporations in Taiwan from re-exporting strategic high-tech commodities and related production machinery to controlled territories, such as Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, China, Cuba, and Sudan. With cooperation with international non-proliferation organizations, proliferation of WMDs can be stopped and a comprehensive export control network can be formed to maintain global security.