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工業技術研究院(工研院) 之戰略轉型在臺灣高科技產業發展過程: 制度學習方法 / The transformation of strategies of the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) in the course of Taiwan’s high-tech industrial development: an institutional learning approach米莎, Fefelov, Mikhail Unknown Date (has links)
本文考察了自20世紀70年代末台灣的高新技術產業化的過程中,由工業技術研究院(工研院)經歷了轉變。本文提出了一個框架,與經濟和政治變化的環境中所發生的高科技產業整合工研院的互動。使用機構學習模型,本文標識的組織學習能力。在本質上這些學習能力突出I工研院的相互作用調整的變化的機制。歷史分析表明三個階段,其中的研究院通過主要組織變革發生的背景。階段之間的過渡是不同的,嵌入在特定的經濟和政治背景。 / This thesis examines the transformations undergone by the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) during the course of Taiwan’s high-tech industrialization since the late 1970s. This study proposes a framework that integrates ITRI’s approaches in interacting with high-tech industries on the one hand, with the broad economic and political changes happening in its environment on the other. Using an institutional learning model, the thesis identifies the organizational learning capabilities, which in essence underlines the mechanisms of ITRI’s interaction adjustment to the changes. The historical analysis suggests three stages, in the contexts of which the institute undergoes through major organizational transformations. The transitions between the stages are different and embedded in the particular economic and political contexts.
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台灣半導體產業的政治經濟分析:國家—產業制度的建立、發展與轉型 / State-Business Institutions for the Development of High-Technology Industry: The Case of the Semiconductor Industry in Taiwan王文岳, Wang, Wen-Yueh Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
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我國海外高級科技人才返國工作動機與適應之研究-以工研院為例林慧蘭 Unknown Date (has links)
加速產業升級為我國政府近年來努力的目標,而科技人才的培育與運用,則為目標達成與否的關鍵因素,因此在歷次全國科技會議中,均將科技人才的培育、延攬與運用列入重要議題。由於近幾年海外學人在技術引進上扮演了相當重要的角色,因此今後應更積極延攬海外科技人才,以彌補國內人才供應不足的現象。雖然政府有相關延攬人才的方案,但是卻沒有進一步的研究來探討這些人才回國後的適應狀況、工作績效等,如此是否政府的相關延攬措施對國內的產業發展帶來了效益,除了承辦人員累積的經驗感受外,似乎無實證的研究瞭解。因此本研究目的在於探討海外高級科技人才返國工作動機以及返國後之適應狀況,並進一步探討影響海外高級科技人才適應的決定因素以及適應與組織承諾間的影響關係。
本研究之研究對象係指財團法人工業技術研究院之返國海外高級科技人才,具有博士學位海外工作經驗3年以上;具有碩士學位海外工作經驗4年以上;學士學位海外工作經驗5年以上三者之一,對國內技術提昇、產業發展有所貢獻的人才。
本研究透過問卷調查方式,獲得工研院之人力資源經理研究支持協助下,共計取得有效問卷45份,主要運用典型相關分析來檢定本研究假設,並進一步針對變項間的關係,運用迴歸分析、Pearson相關統計檢定結果以為參考。而為彌補研究樣本規模之限制,並進一步進行個案訪談分析作為研究結果之輔證,共計有效訪談個案6位。
本研究獲得以下數點結論:
一、人才返國工作之動機多受前程發展動機與歸屬感動機之影響而回國。
二、從人才返國後的整體適應狀況在平均值之表現上來看,顯示人才之適應狀況良好。
三、人才之返國工作動機會影響人才之適應狀況,且人才越是持前程發展動機回國者,其在工作適應與生活適應的表現上較佳。從個案訪談本研究發現人才之動機是否明確將會影響適應狀況。
四、本研究無法驗證海外高級科技人才之文化傾向與適應狀況之影響關連,但本研究推論文化差異對人才適應狀況之影響在於人才對於文化差異的認知程度與調適情形。
五、家庭支持程度會對人才之適應狀況造成影響,但本研究亦進一步推論,若海外高級科技人才在其決定返國時的人生順序上,是將個人的工作生涯在人生中擺在相當重要的位置上,甚至是超過家人的順序,若是如此,則家人的支持程度對於人才的適應狀況影響程度將會較弱。
六、人才對於組織所提供支援之滿意程度會影響人才之適應狀況,且組織提供支援的方向以有利於人才工作發揮的支援對於人才之整體適應較有幫助。
七、人才對於組織承諾之平均值表現呈中度傾向;且組織承諾與適應狀況間呈顯著正相關,人才之適應狀況會影響人才之組織承諾。本研究從個案訪談中發現個案之組織承諾與個案對工研院的需求相關,如個案返國是以尋求創業機會為主要目的,則工研院的工作環境對他們而言會是一個跳板因而對於工研院的組織承諾將會較低。
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臺灣奈米科技政策之制度分析:產業“再生催化者”的國家角色孟啓民, Minekime, Nicholas Unknown Date (has links)
基於Peter Evans在Embedded Autonomy一書中所提出的「鑲嵌式的自主性」概念,本文試圖透過臺灣奈米科技政策的形成,討論臺灣的國家角色。
在研究設計上,本研究選取在臺灣傳統產業藉由發展奈米科技技術的升級過程當中,最爲關鍵的行爲者作爲研究變數,即奈米國家型計劃及其相關的執行政府部門—經濟部—及工研院奈米中心、工研院化學工業研究所、工研院化工所成立的奈米促進會及產業界,特別是個別公司的研發部專家。
國家與社會之間關係的討論將是本文研究重點。本文將「國家」定義為涉及奈米政策的立法行政部門,也就是立法院以及奈米國家型計劃辦公室所屬部門與機構,包括經濟部及工研院。本文所提的「社會」主要是個別公司。延續Weiss對Evans的批評,本文特別強調國家與社會對國家奈米政策都有一定的影響力,奈米科技政策的政治經濟分析不能忽略社會的因素。
本文對Evans的四個國家角色提出補充。筆者發現對於臺灣既有的本土產業而言,在開發新產品時所需運用的奈米科技上,國家扮演著Evans研究架構中未提出的另一種國家角色。我主張,就奈米科技的應用而言,需以另外一種新的角色來解釋「國家」。這個在Evans原來的分析架構外的第五種國家角色,我稱之爲「再生催化者角色」(Revitalizing Catalyst)。
本章將會深入分析國家相關部門/機構在制定與執行奈米政策時的實際運作,以及相關部門,例如經濟部、經濟部技術處及最主要的制度性行爲者─工研院所扮演的角色。本章旨在以政策方向形成的過程來説明國家與奈米科技政策的制度性行爲者之間的互動關係。透過對奈米科技政策形成的陳述,可凸顯制度性行爲者在規劃當中的角色。透過此敍述,便能很清楚地瞭解本研究何以將工研院視爲國家的一部分。而且,本章所介紹的奈米國家型科技計劃的歷史背景與規劃過程將作爲第四章中個案分析的基礎。
本文將工研院視爲「國家」。筆者將透過工研院化工所與合作案例的互動來驗證國家對於產業具體的影響,並配合前文的論述,陳述國家俱體的角色。本研究針對奈米計劃中國家與產業界的互動方式歸納出三種互動模式:一,引導者;二,搭橋者;三,媒介者。依據這三種互動方式,筆者將它們總結為一種新的國家角色──即「再生催化者」的國家角色。
筆者透過長春石化公司、中國制釉集團及其它公司與工所的計劃案例,可證明國家扮演了催化劑的角色,並且有助於傳統產業的再生,因此,本文選擇「再生催化者」來描述這樣的國家角色。本研究對將來的政治經濟研究或許可以提供一個啓示:也就是在跨產業結合的普遍趨勢下,促進「產業再生」的新國家角色會是一個不可忽視的研究方向。
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共同銷售情報系統的運用及其效益之研究-以日常消費品(Consumer Packaged Goods)產業為例 / Implementation & Performance Evaluation on Common Sales Database Information System : A Study of Consumer Packaged Goods Industry林志宏, Lin Chih Hung Unknown Date (has links)
銷售情報一直是行銷研究的一個重心,透過銷售情報之收集,可以掌握與了解消費者對各種不同商品、價格、通路及促銷活動的反應,以協助製造商、批發商及零售商擬定出有效的生產、配銷、商品選擇及販賣等重要決策。而日常消費品產業基本上是以產品的銷售為核心的相關產業之集合體,因此經由多個不同通路上銷售情報之收集與分析,便可使產業中的各廠商掌握更精準可靠的情報,進而使各廠商在經營上同沾其利。由於國內的日常消費品產業仍以中小企業居多,以其有限的資金與人才,往往無法積極掌握商品銷售情報,進行管理資訊系統之維護與更新,也無法即時採用資訊與通訊之新科技,使得其經營效率偏低,並逐漸喪失其競爭力。因此,在不危及業者競爭核心的前提下,如能集合多數業者共享資訊,參考日本流通資訊服務中心(RDS)的作法,推廣情報共享觀念與共存共榮的經營理念,來建立共同銷售情報系統,並以此系統產生一些有用的整體性市場資訊的報告,提供給參與的業者做為其經營管理之參考,勢必對國內日常消費品產業的整體競爭力及經營效率的提昇,有極大的助益。有鑑於此,本研究以了解影響加入共同銷售情報系統的因素為探討的重心,並對共同銷售情報系統的運用情形及運用的成效進行探討與分析,希望藉由此研究,能夠找出加入共同銷售情報系統的誘因與其運作的可能機制,及對其成效進行評估,以做為工研院電通所在推廣共同銷售情報系統時的參考,並提高業者加入共同銷售情報系統的誘因,期能推廣情報共享及促進良性競爭的商業環境。
針對超市、超商及量販店業者進行問卷調查統計資料分析的結果,可歸納出影響業者加入共同銷售情報系統之意願具顯著正相關的因素包括:對同業合作的需求程度、和同業合作共享銷售資訊的意願、即時取得正確交易資訊、業者支持與提供正確資料、提供重要的報表種類數量、多數同業的加入以及相關成本的節省;而影響業者加入共同銷售情報系統之意願具顯著負相關的因素為可投入資訊系統的資金。而由訪談業者之意見可歸納出業者對於共同銷售情報系統的運用及其所重視的效益如下:1、對於共同合作機制之建立的看法方面,受訪業者普遍認為,共同銷售情報系統應由公法人來主導或推動較佳。2、對於策略性資訊系統的建構方面,受訪者普遍已建構類似的系統,主要是以公司內部資料的分析為主,不過可利用共同銷售情報系統產生的整體性資料來做標竿的比較。3、由於上、下游廠商間的互信基礎仍嫌不足,因此快速反應這樣的作法仍有待推廣,以提高供應鏈上多層次的附加價值。4、對於資訊科技的運用方面,受訪業者普遍有利用電子郵件、傳真及銷售時點情報系統來收集或傳遞資訊,同時也建構行銷資料庫來做商品的分析。而由於電子資料交換系統的建置成本太高,且政府有關單位的推廣不足,因此導致業者較少採用此一系統。由於受訪業者目前與共同銷售情報系統正式連接的時間還不夠長,且加入系統的業者也不夠多,因此,對於共同銷售情報系統所產生的效益仍不易用具體的數字來評估,是以本論文的效益評估以受訪業者分別對於財務面、行銷與顧客服務面、企業內部流程面及員工成長面所較重視的項目來衡量的。在財務面:受訪業者普遍較重視流通成本的削減、銷售量的增加、存貨的減少、存貨周轉率的提昇、獲利率的提升及產品市場佔有率的提升等方面;在行銷與顧客服務面:受訪業者普遍較重視服務水準及品質的提昇、缺貨率的下降、保有原有的顧客及提供合理化的價格;在企業內部流程面:受訪業者普遍較重視訂購循環的縮短、引入新的商品、開發出自有商品、能分析消費者的使用型態、能提供最佳產品組合、銷售商情的掌握與運用、能提昇銷售預測精確度、對上游廠商談判力的提昇及同業間合作或競爭關係的改變;在員工成長面:受訪業者普遍較重視員工能學習到最新的電腦作業系統以及分析資料的能力。
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………..1
第一節 研究背景……………………………………………………………………1
第二節 研究動機……………………………………………………………………2
第三節 研究目的……………………………………………………………………4
第四節 研究範圍……………………………………………………………………4
第五節 研究流程……………………………………………………………………5
第六節 章節架構……………………………………………………………………6
第二章 文獻探討……………………………………………………..7
第一節 共同銷售情報系統…………………………………………………………7
第二節 資訊科技的運用………………………………………………………….32
第三章 研究方法…………………………………………………….61
第一節 研究架構………………………………………………………………..61
第二節 研究假設………………………………………………………………..64
第三節 研究變數操作性定義與衡量…………………………………………..69
第四節 問卷發展………………………………………………………………..77
第四章 資料分析…………………………………………………….80
第一節 回收樣本之基本資料分析……………………………………………….80
第二節 產業特性對加入共同銷售情報系統的意願之相關性分析…………….88
第三節 公司特性對加入共同銷售情報系統的意願之相關性分析…………….89
第四節 管理者特質對加入共同銷售情報系統的意願之相關性分析………….90
第五節 業者對於系統的認知程度對加入系統的意願之相關性分析………….91
第六節 本章總結………………………………………………………………….92
第五章 個案描述與分析…………………………………………….95
第一節 受訪業者基本資料分析…………………………………………………95
第二節 甲超商…………………………………………………………………..97
第三節 乙超市…………………………………………………………………..103
第四節 丙超市…………………………………………………………………..108
第五節 丁物流行銷公司………………………………………………………..113
第六節 工研院電通所…………………………………………………………..120
第七節 本章總結………………………………………………………………..128
第六章 結論與建議…………………………………………………135
第一節 研究結論………………………………………………………………..135
第二節 研究限制………………………………………………………………..139
第三節 後續研究建議…………………………………………………………..140
參考文獻…………………………………………………………….141
附錄一……………………………………………………………….150
附錄二……………………………………………………………….155
附錄三……………………………………………………………….159 / The scope of retailing industry covers foods , clothes , housing , transportation , education , and entertainment , etc.. Since it is closely related to our daily life , the demand of retailing industry will by no means grow when the income of people increases , the life style changes and the standard of living rises.
In order to enhance the response to market , the retailers have to take some actions . Internally , evaluation system needs to be established based on observed data , and the operating process has to be standardized and formalized to ensure the service quality. In the marketing segment , retailers should consider both software and hardware to establish the image of the company and reinforce the competency of the company in order to gain more market share in the violent and complicated retailing market. And the most important of all is to monitor the information of sales. Once the information of the sales is monitored , managers can effectively control the levels of inventory , place order in more economic scale and meet the variety of demand. Therefore , it is indispensable to manage the company with computerized process and utilize the sales information system.
Since the sales information is one of the focus of the marketing research , managers can fully understand and learn the reaction from consumers in the different products , prices , places and promotions strategies through the collection of sales information. And based on the sales information , producers , wholesalers and retailers can effectively make decisions about production , distribution , merchandise selection and selling. Since there are more and more chain stores of supermarkets , hypermarkets , and convenience stores arised , these modern retailing mode becomes the mainstream in the retailing market. It changes not only the purchasing behavior of the consumers , but also the business strategies and operation models of the producers in the supply chain.
The consumer packaged goods industry is basically the conglomerate of the related industries which focus on selling of products. Thus , collecting the sales information through different channels , the firms in consumer packaged goods industry can actually help other firms in their supply chain to get more exact and reliable information , and also improve performance in both. In Taiwan , the domestic consumer packaged goods industry is composed mostly of small and median enterprises (SMEs). Due to limited money and manpower of SMEs , they are limited from aggressively accessing the sales information and maintaining and upgrading of the MIS. They are also incapable of catching the trend of the information technology and communication. And this will make the firms lose their competency . Therefore , if most of the firms of the consumer packaged goods industry would share the sales information without weakening their core competence , the Japanese Retailer Data Service (RDS) could be adapted as a good reference to promote the idea of sharing sales information and establish the common sales information system. The common sales information system will provide useful reports of the overall market information , and to the firms who join in this system as reference points for running their business. This system will also improve the competency and operation efficiency of the whole consumer packaged goods industry. According to the passage thereinbefore , this research tries to find the factors which will affect the firms to join in or not the common sales information system , and further explore and analyze the implementation situation and performance of the common sales information system. Hopefully , this research will be able to find the attractive factors for the firms to join the common sales information system , possible operating mechanism to run the system , and evaluation criteria . The results could also be referenced for the Computer and Communication Research Laboratories (CCL) of ITRI when they promote the common sales information system to attract more firms to join the system in order to promote the idea of sales information sharing and a good business environment for competition.
Based on the outcome of the statistical analysis, some factors are strongly related to the willingness of retailers to join the common sales information system. These factors are as follows : the degree of needs to cooperate with counterparts, the will of sharing the sales information with counterparts , real time information acquiring, the firms' supporting and the collected data providing , the important report providing , most counterparts' participating , saving on the related costs. All of the above factors are positively related to the willingness of the firms to join the common sales information system ; But , the budget on investing the information system is negatively related to the willingness of the firms to join the common sales information system.
Based on the interviews with the participating firms , the applications and the possible benefits coming from the common sales information system can be summarized as follows : 1. On the viewpoint of establishing the cooperative mechanism , most of the respondents think that the common sales information system should be directed or promoted by the public legal sectors. 2. On the viewpoint of establishing the strategic information system , most of the respondents have built up this system but now mainly use it to analyze the internally produced data which they believed can be compared with the overall market information produced by the common sales information system. 3. Due to lack of mutual trust among the different tiers of supply chain , the concepts and applications of QR/ECR should be continually promoted to provide more added values for the supply chain. 4. From the applications of information technology , most of the respondents gather or transfer information by using e-mail , fax and point of sale(POS)system . They also develop marketing database to analyze the sales.
Since the time that the firms joined the common sales information system is not long enough and there are only limited firms joined this system , performance produced by the common sales information system are difficult to be evaluated concretely. So the performance of the system at this stage is only based on the importance perceived by the respondents on the dimensions such as financial performance , marketing and customer service , business internal process , and the growth of staff. On the dimension of financial performance , most of the respondents emphasize more on the reduction of the logistics cost , the increase of the sales , the reduction in the inventory , the increase of the turnover rate , the increase of the profitability and the increase of the market share;on the dimension of marketing and customer service , most of the respondents emphasize more on the improvement of the level of service and quality , the reduction of the shortage rate , keeping the original customers and providing the reasonable price;on the dimension of business internal process , most of the respondents emphasize more on the reduction of the order cycle , introduction of the new products , development of the products with its own brand , the ability to analyze customers' patterns, providing the best mix of the products , monitoring and utilizing the sales information , improving the accuracy of sales forecast , increasing the bargaining power to the suppliers , and the change on the cooperation or competition relationship among the counterparts;on the dimension of staff's growth , most of the respondents emphasize more on that the staff can learn more the latest computer related operation and the ability to analyze the information.
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