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公共空間的影像監視:一個科技社會學的反思吳佳綺 Unknown Date (has links)
本篇研究針對公共空間的影像監視,以科技社會學的切入角度,探討這個現象的社會學意義。主要焦點在於影像監視的科技特性。以Latour與Postman的看法為基礎,主張科技特性有別於功能,它是一種意識型態與特殊能力。而影像監視的特性,就是它將真實詮釋為影像的獨特意識型態,以及能夠跨越時空距離的收集影像資訊,並且即時傳輸的能力。本研究探討影像監視的科技特性,在普遍設置於公共空間之後,會對人類共同生活的核心價值:自由與安全,產生什麼影響。根據Virilio對當代影像科技的分析,以及Bauman延伸自Foucault的全景敞視,所提出的自由/不自由的相對概念,本文主張,當影像監視將人類的眼睛延伸出去,讓它可以跨越時空距離的從事監視的同時,無論是監看者或被監看者,他的行動自由都將被化約甚至是取消。然而在影像監視所造就的,一種「遠距觀看」、「遠距移動」的錯覺下,人們如今不再追求以身體為基礎的行動自由,轉而追求一種久坐、靜止的生活模式,同時,這種以觀看取代行動、從公共空間中退出的生活,又被設想為一種安全,一種身為旁觀者的安全。
關鍵詞:影像監視、影像科技、全景敞視、自由、安全
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台灣醫學影像業競爭力之研究-以PACS為例王淑齡, Wang Shu-ling Unknown Date (has links)
傳統上利用X射線使底片曝光而顯影的醫學影像,不僅造成X光片的儲存、調閱與管理上的問題,同時洗片的週邊設備亦不符環保標準。隨著數位化時代的來臨,透過醫學影像儲傳系統(PACS)的建置,可以節省X光片和耗材成本、加速住院流程、提高整體醫療效率、增進影像判讀品質、解決X光片檔案室空間不斷增加問題等,醫療院所建置PACS將是必然趨勢,同時也彰顯出PACS之未來發展潛力。
然而,由PACS發展歷程及相關研究文獻來看,截至目前為止大多著重技術面之探討,針對整體產業之研究甚為缺乏。另一方面,以目前醫療產業發展的情形來看,全球性知名企業多藉由併購方式擴張市場,並且在台灣的PACS市場佔有一席之地。因此,本研究除了對我國目前PACS發展現況及趨勢作進一步的分析外,並探討台灣醫學影像業之發展潛力,希望藉由個案公司的訪談,分析本土企業成功的經營模式,以瞭解台灣未來在PACS市場是否具有發展空間,並提出產業未來發展方向建議。最後也希望透過分析本土企業的經驗,提供政府或相關單位參考,以利其制訂有利於創造良好產業環境之政策,培養我國醫療產業之發展。
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奇異值分解在影像處理上之運用 / Singular Value Decomposition: Application to Image Processing顏佑君, Yen, Yu Chun Unknown Date (has links)
奇異值分解(singular valve decomposition)是一個重要且被廣為運用的矩陣分解方法,其具備許多良好性質,包括低階近似理論(low rank approximation)。在現今大數據(big data)的年代,人們接收到的資訊數量龐大且形式多元。相較於文字型態的資料,影像資料可以提供更多的資訊,因此影像資料扮演舉足輕重的角色。影像資料的儲存比文字資料更為複雜,若能運用影像壓縮的技術,減少影像資料中較不重要的資訊,降低影像的儲存空間,便能大幅提升影像處理工作的效率。另一方面,有時影像在被存取的過程中遭到雜訊汙染,產生模糊影像,此模糊的影像被稱為退化影像(image degradation)。近年來奇異值分解常被用於解決影像處理問題,對於影像資料也有充分的解釋能力。本文考慮將奇異值分解應用在影像壓縮與去除雜訊上,以奇異值累積比重作為選取奇異值的準則,並透過模擬實驗來評估此方法的效果。 / Singular value decomposition (SVD) is a robust and reliable matrix decomposition method. It has many attractive properties, such as the low rank approximation. In the era of big data, numerous data are generated rapidly. Offering attractive visual effect and important information, image becomes a common and useful type of data. Recently, SVD has been utilized in several image process and analysis problems. This research focuses on the problems of image compression and image denoise for restoration. We propose to apply the SVD method to capture the main signal image subspace for an efficient image compression, and to screen out the noise image subspace for image restoration. Simulations are conducted to investigate the proposed method. We find that the SVD method has satisfactory results for image compression. However, in image denoising, the performance of the SVD method varies depending on the original image, the noise added and the threshold used.
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美術影像中顏色風格探勘之研究 / Mining Painting Color Style from Fine Arts劉勁男, Chin-Nan Liu Unknown Date (has links)
資料探勘技術的研究,隨著資料庫系統的普遍建置而日益重要。但是尚沒有研究針對美術繪畫影像的風格探勘。本研究的目的也就是發展資料探勘的技術,從繪畫的低階影像特徵中探勘出繪畫風格,並以分類規則的方式來表示繪畫風格。畫家的畫風是指表現在大部分畫作裡的繪畫風格,也是與其他畫家相比,在畫作的共同特徵上之獨特性與差異性。基於以上的兩個特性,我們把畫風探勘分為三個議題︰一、feature extraction,從美術影像中萃取低階影像特徵,我們使用的有主要顏色與相鄰顏色。為了因應MPEG-7標準即將統一描述多媒體資料的內容表示方式,所以我們也針對MPEG-7規格的低階影像特徵。二、mining frequent patterns,從所有該畫家畫作的低階影像特徵找出共同的個人畫作特徵,我們利用association rule中mining frequent itemset的方法找出畫風中顏色的搭配,而且我們也發展了一個新的規則,frequent 2D sequential pattern,用來表示畫風中顏色的佈局。三、classification,找出每個畫家與別人不一樣的個人畫作特徵,就是定量描述的繪畫影像風格。我們分別利用C4.5與修改過的associative classification。我們提出了二個改進associative classification的分類演算法,single-feature variant support (SFVS) classification,容許各個class進行不同minimum support的mining以及與multi-feature variant support (MFVS) classification,同時用不同低階影像特徵進行分類。有關實驗的進行,我們有兩組測試畫家,一組是西方印象派畫家,另一組則是受西方印象派影響的臺灣本土畫家。每組畫家都進行兩人配對,分別建出2-way的associative classifier、SFVS classifier與MFVS classifier,並評估畫風探勘演算法的效果。最後,本論文實作了一個「影像風格查詢系統」。查詢系統的基本功能提供使用者以風格查詢藝術影像的功能。例如,使用者可以查詢具有梵谷畫風的畫作或是查詢融合雷諾瓦與莫內畫風的畫作。 / The data mining researches become more and more important. However, no studies have investigated on painting style mining of fine arts images. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new approach for mining painting style from low level image features of fine art images and represent painting style as the classification rules. The painitng style of an artist is characterized not only by the frequent pattern appears in most works but also by the discrimination patterns from others. According to these two characteristics, we identified three design issues for painting style mining: feature extraction, mining frequent patterns and classification. Feature extraction extracts low level image freatures from fine arts images. In this thesis, we extract dominant color and adjacency color relationship as low level image features. Besides, we also extract MPEG-7 descriptors. Mining frequent patterns finds the frequent patterns appear in all works by one artist. We apply the technique of frequent itemset mining in association rule mining to find which colors are likely be used together in artist’s painting style. Moreover, we proposed a new pattern, frequent 2D subsequence, to represent painting style in terms of color layout. Classification finds the artist’s discriminating patterns from others and presents those patterns as painting style in quantitative manner. We utilize C4.5 and modified associative classification as classification methods. We developed two association classification algorithm, single-feature variant support (SFVS) classification and multi-feature variant support (MFVS) classification. The experiment is conducted by two groups of painting work. One is the work of impressionism artists and the other is the work of Taiwan artists that were influenced by impressionism. The 2-way associative classifier, SFVS classifier and MFVS classifier are constructed for each group of painting work and evaluate the proformance. Finally, we implemented a “Painting Style Query System” which provides users to query fine arts images by painting style. For example, user can query those images that matchs VanGogh’s style or query those images that matchs integration style with Renoir and Monet.
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從多視角影像萃取密集影像對應 / Dense image matching from multi-view images蔡瑞陽, Tsai, Jui Yang Unknown Date (has links)
在三維模型的建構上,對應點的選取和改善佔有相當重要的地位。對應點的準確性影響整個建模的成效。本論文中我們提出了新的方法,透過極線轉換法(epipolar transfer)在多視角影像中做可見影像過濾和對應點改善。首先,我們以Furukawa所提出的方法,建構三維補綴面並加以做旋轉和位移,或是單純在二維影像移動對應點兩種方式選取初始對應點。然後再以本研究所提出的極線轉換法找到適當位置的對應點。接下來我們將每個三維點的可見影像(visible image)再次透過極線轉換法去檢查可見影像上的對應點位置是否適當,利用門檻值將不合適的對應點過濾掉。進一步針對對應點位置的改善和篩選,期望透過極線幾何法來找到位置最準確的對應點位置。最後比較實驗成果,觀察到以本研究所提出的方法做改善後,對應點準確度提高近百分之十五。 / In the construction of three-dimensional models, the selection and refinement of the correspondences plays a very important rule. The accuracy of the correspondences affects modeling results. In this paper, we proposed a new approach, that is filtering the visible images and improving the corresponding points in multi-view images by epipolar transfer method. First of all, we use Furukawa proposed method to construct three-dimensional patches and making rotation and displacement, or simply move the corresponding points in two-dimensional images are two ways to select the initial corresponding points. And then to use epipolar transfer method in this study to find the appropriate location of the corresponding points. Next we will check the corresponding points on the each 3D point’s visible image again through the polar transformation method , and we use the threshold value to filter out the corresponding points. Further the location of the corresponding points for the improvement and screening, hoped that through the epipolar geometry method to find the most accurate corresponding points’ location. Experimental results are compared to observe the improvements that the method proposed in this study, the corresponding point accuracy by nearly 15 percent.
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基於點群排序關係的特徵描述子建構 / Feature descriptor based on local intensity order relations of pixel group吳家禎, Wu,Chia Chen Unknown Date (has links)
隨著科技的進步以及網際網路的普及,影像資訊的傳遞已經漸漸取代文字的表達,人們對於影像的需求也越來越多元,使得影像處理技術以及影像資訊分析也就越來越重要。然而,影像中其中一項重要的資訊為特徵描述子,強而有力的描述子能使得影像在辨識、分類等應用上有較佳的回饋,描述子的建構方式根據編碼原則分為:基於區域梯度統計、基於點對關係以及基於點群關係。其中,基於點群關係的編碼方式因為點群的選取及排序過程中,可能會產生過多的關係表示方法數,以至於不利於計算,因此過去較少有利用點群關係的編碼方式所建構而成的特徵描述子。
本論文提出描述子建構方式-LIOR,是以點群排序關係為基礎的編碼方式,相較於LIOP方法隨著點群內的點數增加,元素關係數大幅度的成長,造成描述子維度過大,計算時間和空間皆可能需要大量的消耗,而本研究方法足以改善計算維度的問題,重新定義點群關係的排名機制,並以像素值為基準加入權重分配,以區別加權排序之間不同大小差值所造成的影響程度。
實驗結果顯示本研究方法對於不同影像劣化效果的資料集,不僅能提升選取多點為一群的影像比對評估效能,同時也能改善點群內元素關係過多的排名表示法,降低以多點為群集的特徵描述子維度,節省了影像比對的計算時間以及空間,仍可維持整體影像配對之效能。
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熱影像建製數值地表溫度模型之研究 / Study on Using Thermal Image to Establish Digital Surface Temperature Model廖家翎, Liao, Chia Ling Unknown Date (has links)
熱影像可獲取不同於可見光與近紅外光的溫度資訊,可運用於監測地表火山及斷層帶的溫度或災害防治上。以往於空載或衛載上的熱感測器解析度皆較低,判釋熱影像受到限制;如今,低成本、高機動性的無人飛行載具發展趨於成熟,可搭載熱感測器,並近空垂直拍攝近景熱影像,得到較高空間解析度之熱影像。
然而,熱影像上之地物內容與邊緣較一般可見光影像模糊,若要將熱影像應用於地理空間資訊系統上時,為使熱影像可與其他地面坐標資料結合,勢必需先幾何改正熱影像,並以相同區域之數值地表模型,正射化熱影像,同時三維展示熱影像與地表模型,提供研究者地形與熱分佈資訊;此外,對於火山地帶來說,高程資料也常是研究者判釋分析的重點資訊,此做法可看出區域之溫度分佈。
為正射糾正熱影像,利用共線式執行空中三角測量平差,本研究不僅率定熱像儀,求其內方外元素,更以空中三角測量平差,計算熱影像之外方位元素。此外,因熱影像紀錄地表輻射資訊,與可見光資訊大不相同,故熱影像經共線式空中三角測量平差後,建製之數值地表模型 (Digital Surface Model, DSM),並非該拍攝地區之真實地表起伏模型,因此本研究利用一既有的DSM,正射糾正空中三角測量後之熱影像,並以誤差向量圖表示正射糾正之成果。 / Usually, thermal images contain abundant temperature information which can often be used to monitor the surface temperature or volcanic disaster prevention. Previously, thermal images acquired by satellite platform have low resolution. Today, low-cost, highly maneuverable unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can carry thermal sensors and obtain close-range thermal images with high spatial resolution.
Due to the distortion of thermal sensor, geometric correction should be applied to the thermal images. In this study, a UAV-borne thermal sensor has been calibrated, and used for taking thermal images. The exterior orientation elements of the thermal images have been determined by using aerial triangulation. A digital surface model generated by LiDAR was then used to ortho-rectify the thermal images. Gray values of the rectified thermal images were also normalized for generating a thermal mosaic. The resultant rectified thermal mosaic has excellent appearance for showing the temperature distribution and elevation simultaneously.
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影像內容檢索中以社群網絡演算法為基礎之多張影像搜尋 / Query by Multiple Images for Content-Based Image Retrieval Based on Social Network Algorithms張瑋鈴, Chang, Wei Ling Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,隨著數位科技快速的發展,影像資料量迅速的增加,因此影像檢索成為重要的多媒體技術之一。在傳統的影像內容檢索技術中,使用影像低階特徵值,例如顏色(Color)、紋理(Texture)、形狀(Shape)等來描述影像的內容並進行圖片相似度的比對。然而,傳統的影像內容檢索僅提供單張影像查詢,很少研究多張影像的查詢。因此,本研究提出一個可針對多張影像查詢的方法以提供多張影像查詢的影像內容檢索。本研究將影像內容檢索結合社群網絡演算法,使用MPEG-7中相關特徵描述子和SIFT做為主要特徵向量,擷取影像的低階影像特徵,透過特徵相似度計算建立影像之間的網絡,並利用社群網絡演算法找出與多張查詢影像相似的影像。實驗結果顯示所提出的方法可精確的擷取到相似的影像。 / In recent years, with the faster and faster development of computer technology, the number of digital images is grown rapidly so that the Content-Based Image Retrieval has become one of important multimedia technologies. Much research has been done on Content-Based Image Retrieval. However, little research has been done on query by multiple images. This thesis investigates the mechanism for query by multiple images.
First, MPEG-7 image features and SIFT are extracted from images. Then, we calculate the similarity of images to construct the proximity graph which represents the similarity structure between images. Last, processing of query by multiple images is achieved based on the social network algorithms. Experimental results indicate the proposed method provides high accuracy and precision.
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電視新聞中之影像與感動:以電視新聞專題為例陳其銳 Unknown Date (has links)
電視新聞利用剪接將影像轉化成為敘述工具,由於剪接者手法上的差異,使得電視新聞可以利用不同的方式來敘述故事。這種多元的敘事風格,讓觀眾可以透過不同的影像形式抒發情感,其中「感動」是電視新聞中最常運用之情感效果。因此,本研究主要針對電視新聞中的影像與其引發感動的原因作為研究重點,以電視新聞專題做為研究對象,而發展出以下三個問題:一、電視新聞專題中的感動:要素為何?二、電視新聞專題畫面如何表現感動要素?三、電視新聞專題的剪接如何表現感動?
由於感動是一個心裡描述的過程,任何的情緒皆無法透過數字來檢視它的強弱程度,因為它的形成過程中有許多複雜的因素,這些都必須藉由參與者的描述才可以得知。而感動的面貌隱藏於影像之中,電視新聞中的感動影像也不可能經由問卷中的量表來制定。因此本研究採用質性研究之深度訪談與文獻分析作為研究工具。
電視新聞中的感動藉由影像的敘述方式來呈現,透過訪談與分析,本研究得到以下結論:一、電視新聞以影像作為表達情緒的工具,利用既有的新聞故事,透過當中的人、事、物將情感展現出來,其中的感動來自於真實的情感與人物之間彼此的互動。二、影像利用剪接串聯情感時,必須強調其中的因果關係,沒有因果關係的影像,不會讓人感動。三、除了因果關係與共同經驗外,美也是造成感動的因素之一。在許多的藝術形式中,美經常被用來製造感動,影像當然也不例外,在電視新聞當中,美感的塑造是在既有敘事結構之外的影像運用。四、感動來自於一個有系統的故事,任何片段的感動,必定由其結構性的故事情節所引起,而一個故事能夠透過影像完整呈現,依賴的便是剪接。
關鍵字:電視新聞、影像、剪接、感動 / The image of television news is presented by editing. Because of the different techniques of editors, television news could be presented in various ways. The diversified modes of image allow the audience to off-load their feelings. To move them is the frequent technique used.
This research focuses on the special television news subject.The researcher attempts to figure out the reasons that image evoke feeling. There are three main topics. One topic is to find out what is the element of touching in special television news subject. Then the following is to analyze the elements. Finally, the researcher tries to find out how the editing expresses affection.
Touching is the process of inside description. The feeling is impossible to examine the degree by figures. The constructing process includes of many complicated factors, which have to be expressed by the actors. Furthermore, because the touching is concealed from the image, the touching image is not possible to quantify by questionnaire. The research proceeds by interview and document analyze.
Touching of television news is presented by the expressing of image. By interview and analyze, this research concludes in four aspects. First, image is the instrument to express emotion in television news. A news story is constructed by the events, the actors, and the objects. The touching comes from the interaction of all the subjects. Second, editing has to emphasize on the cause and effect to connect the feeling. Without the emphasis, the image is not touchable. Third, in addition to cause and fact and the common experience, beauty is the important factor to touch people. In many forms of arts, beauty is applied to evoke emotion. Image is no exception. In television news, the application of beauty is beyond description. Finally, touching is evoked from a systematic story. Any part of touching must have arose from the constructive plots. A story which can be presented in complete relies on the editing.
Keywords: television news、image、editing、touching
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基於注意力與多模式分析之 數位相片管理系統設計與實作 / Design and implementation of a multi-modal attention-based photo manager孫新民 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文敘述對於智慧型個人數位相片管理瀏覽平台之研究、設計與實作過程。系統設計上基於整合多重證據架構,採用影像內容與使用者瀏覽行為之分析作為自動分類,判斷影像重要性與推薦程度的依據。影像自動分類方面,包括外部給予的標準資訊-EXIF資訊與分析影像內容,以其中人物存在數量與面積比例為依據的影像分類。而在影像的推薦方面,則採用影像品質之分析-包括對焦品質分析、曝光品質分析-與分析使用者瀏覽相片時的行為-包括停留時間與專注程度的整合為分析重要程度依據;最後則採用多模式(Multi-Modal)架構整合不同的評估結果並作為推薦的結論。 / In this thesis, we present the design and implementation of an intelligent personal digital photo browsing platform. The proposed system relies on multiple evidences inferred from image content as well as user behavior. Specifically, external EXIF data and face detection results are utilized to coarsely classify the digital images. Measures of image quality, including clarity and contrast, are calculated to further refine the search result. Moreover, we use web cameras to record and analyze the viewing behavior of the user and attempt to correlate the interest of the viewer to the effective viewing time. Finally, a multi-modal system is put in place to integrate the clues acquired from different modules.
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