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海峽兩岸義務教育政策之比較研究 / A Comparative Study on Education Between Two Sides of Strait葉信村 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文分為七章,其對海峽兩岸義務教育之中重要之制度、師資、經費、課程做一統整的分析,以期未來進入國家統一綱領協商統一階段時,兩岸義務教育如何接軌,以避免因政治因素干擾義務教育發展,使國家人才斷層。
論文第一章為緒論,對本研究之動機目的、臺灣相關大陸教育學文獻與研究方法加以論述。
第二章為定義義務教育的內涵,與世界各國發展義務教育的情形,並討論兩岸義務教育政策的發展狀況。
第三章為義務教育之制度政策,對目前兩岸義務教育制度中之學制、教育行政制度與學校行政制度加以討論。
第四章對兩岸義務教育的經費投資問題,對目前兩岸中義務教育經費支出情形做探討,以利日後兩岸接軌時,經費的應用能充裕供應。
第五章針對兩岸義務教育的教師問題,從師資培養及待遇福利等問題來分析,日後兩岸應採何種教師政策以利未來發展。
第六章對義務教育中的軟體-課程加以研析,從課程制度過程因素加以探究,究竟兩岸課程應採何種制定政策。
第七章為結論。
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台灣十二年義務教育之研究 / The study of 12-Year compulsory education in Taiwan梁足麗, Liang ,Tsu-li Unknown Date (has links)
The purposes of this master thesis “The Study of 12-Year Compulsory Education in Taiwan” are to retrospect Taiwan’s education systems, to study the detail measures about 12-year compulsory education policy and to explore compulsory education systems in advanced countries such as the United States, Finland, Japan and Germany and see if we are able to imitate the merits to apply to our education system. The paper also attempts to observe the possible impacts on the society and to evaluate how to carry out the policy that really improves our nation’s competitiveness. Furthermore, through the observation, hope to offer some suggestions to the related authority.The study finds that there are several problems existing in the present systems, chief of which are the gap between city and rural, uneven education qualities, uneven distribution of resources and excessive pressure from seeking further education. To solve these problems, it is necessary to lengthen the compulsory education in Taiwan. Based on the study, we acquire the knowledge about complete education system in Finland, the effective education reform in the United States, the sophisticated vocational system in Germany and the holistic-person education ideas in Japan. Meanwhile, the 12-year compulsory education policy is processing according to the plan step by step in Taiwan now.While implementing the policy, now there are many measures are on the way. The authority announced that by 2018, almost 90% of the policy will be performed. According to my study, the abundant budget for the education policy is an important promise and the legal education law is convincible for the nations. Besides, the government should shorten the years implementing policy. Also, I suggest the government should establish teachers’ life-long training system and cautiously plan the elite system in secondary school. / The purposes of this master thesis “The Study of 12-Year Compulsory Education in Taiwan” are to retrospect Taiwan’s education systems, to study the detail measures about 12-year compulsory education policy and to explore compulsory education systems in advanced countries such as the United States, Finland, Japan and Germany and see if we are able to imitate the merits to apply to our education system. The paper also attempts to observe the possible impacts on the society and to evaluate how to carry out the policy that really improves our nation’s competitiveness. Furthermore, through the observation, hope to offer some suggestions to the related authority.The study finds that there are several problems existing in the present systems, chief of which are the gap between city and rural, uneven education qualities, uneven distribution of resources and excessive pressure from seeking further education. To solve these problems, it is necessary to lengthen the compulsory education in Taiwan. Based on the study, we acquire the knowledge about complete education system in Finland, the effective education reform in the United States, the sophisticated vocational system in Germany and the holistic-person education ideas in Japan. Meanwhile, the 12-year compulsory education policy is processing according to the plan step by step in Taiwan now.While implementing the policy, now there are many measures are on the way. The authority announced that by 2018, almost 90% of the policy will be performed. According to my study, the abundant budget for the education policy is an important promise and the legal education law is convincible for the nations. Besides, the government should shorten the years implementing policy. Also, I suggest the government should establish teachers’ life-long training system and cautiously plan the elite system in secondary school.
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日治時期臺灣的教育財政---以初等教育費為探討中心 / The education funds in Taiwan under Japanese rule:focus on primary school expenses李鎧揚, Li, Kai Yang Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要探討臺灣總督府在不同的時期政策下,如何設計出符合統治需要的初等教育經費制度。經過研究以後發現,初等教育經費制度在大正9年(1920)公共團體成立前後,有相當明顯的不同。因此,本文以公共團體成立為分界,針對日治前後期初等教育經費制度變化過程進行討論。
在日治前期,總督首先對既有資源展開調查與整合,並將清代府縣儒學的學田成立學租財團統一管理。在臺灣公學校令實施後,仿照本國制度在臺灣設立協議費,配合捐款、學費以及公學校基本財產收益,組成公學校的收入。協議費制度以公學校學區為基礎,向區內民眾徵收維持公學校運作所需的經費;從收入比重來說,也是日治前期最重要的來源。在支出方面,明治31年(1898)公學校成立以後,到了明治34年(1901)便出現不穩定的問題;總督府因此在明治35年(1902)以「公學校經費收支規程標準」規範公學校經費收支,企圖穩定公學校經費;該規定後來在明治39年(1906)、明治40年(1907)再次修正,「公學校財務規程」建立更為完整的收支決算制度,也使公學校經費制度到公共團體成立以前,大致能夠維持穩定的狀態。
大正9年(1920)公共團體成立以後,本來屬於總督府支配的地方費財源重新調整,新成立的州、廳與市街庄擁有獨立的財政權,總督府也在大正11年(1922),將教育行政權下放到市街庄,將小公學校的設置權交由公共團體管理者決定。公共團體成立以後,解決了日治前期因為校舍擴增的債務問題,公共團體的財源雖然是所有地方公共事務的經費,相較於日治前期以協議費為主的收入,公共團體成立後教育分配到的財源比以前更多。
公共團體的設立雖然給初等教育帶來一定的財源,但是公共團體在先天設計上,並沒有創造出如同本國府縣人口、面積的行政區,在經費籌措能力上遜於日本。另外,受到因為殖民地的特殊性影響,總督府給予地方相當多的國政事務;公共團體在國政事務支出過多下,排擠到既有的教育經費,從1930年代起開始無法容納更多的就學人口,地方財政開始出現危機。隨著中日戰爭爆發,日本對人力需求快速增加,在地方財政無法更進一步提供更多人入學下,總督府在1930年代中期以後,嘗試以國庫補助地方教育經費,並在義務教育實施的前一年(1942),確立國庫補助初等教育經費制度,初等教育經費也從州、市街庄負擔經費的型態變成國庫、州廳與市街庄各負擔三成的結構。
關鍵字:公學校、協議費、公共團體、國庫補助、義務教育
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教育、階級流通與社會福利 / Education, Mobility and Social Welfare吳致謙, Wu, Jhih Chian Unknown Date (has links)
本文主旨在於討論政府的政策對於階級流通跟社會福利的影響。我們設計了一個簡單的階級流通的模型模型,在模型當中,我們想像社會上面的人都得要參加「職業考試」來決定個人的職業,如果通過考試,則可以得到比較高薪水的工作,反之,則只能得到薪資比較低的工作。在模型中,我們分析義務教育與所得重分配這兩種不同廣被使用的促進階級流通的政策下,分別對於社會福利所帶來的影響。
在模型當中,我們發現到的是,政策會產生兩種影響,第一種是縮短貧富差距的影響,第二種則是政策會讓家庭中小孩子受到的教育增加的影響,政策透過這兩種效果會影響社會上面的階級流通。而縮短貧富差距的效果要成立,有兩個條件:1. 這社會高資質的下一代,會是高資質的機率比其他低資質的小孩大;2. 這社會上面得要是有很多低資質的人處在比較高的社會階層。另外一部份,增加教育的效果要發生,也有兩個條件:1. 家長對於小孩教育的所得份額得要小於一;2. 高資質的能力得要夠高。唯有在上面的條件成立之下,政府政策所帶來的這些效果才會發生,並且也才有辦法影響社會階級流通跟社會福利。
而在不同政策下,所得重分配上,只會有縮短貧富差距的效果,在義務教育下,則是兩種效果都可能發生。也因此,本文認為,如義務教育或所得移轉之類的政府政策,並非一定有效,得要在如上述條件成立之下,才會發生階級流通的效果。 / The main purpose of this article is to find the relationship between social mobility and policies which government execute. In this article, I discuss two policies:
income transfer and compulsory education. In article, I construct a model where people have to take a “occupation test” to decide what job they can obtain. If people’s scores are larger thanminimumscore, they will pass the test. If they pass the test, they will obtain a job with more earnings. If not, they will obtain a job with lower earnings. Scores of people is affected by their innate ability, family background, and levels of education. Furthermore, I set that if one’s parents are talented, then one is more likely to be a talented one than people
with untalented parents and I call this advantage of people with talented parents“advantage of ability inheritance”. Moreover, levels of education is positive related to their parental income. I find that these policies raisemobility by two effects: one effect is reduction of income gap and another one is net increasing of children’s education. Moreover, I find that when the government executes income transfer, only effect fromreduction of income gapmay work. However, upon executing compulsory education, two effects may both work. In addition, I find the keys for reduction of income gap to work are (1) the advantage of ability inheritance and (2) the amounts of untalented people who pass the test before executing policy. Moreover, the keys for compulsory education are (1) income share of children’s utility and (2) ability of talented people.
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進城上學:中國大陸二元體制下農民工子女教育之研究 / Struggle for schooling: a research of education problems of migrant-worker's children under the dual system彭郁涵 Unknown Date (has links)
中國大陸改革開放後,農村剩餘勞動力逐漸流入城市,形成龐大的農民工群體。隨著農民工數量劇增,家庭化流動的趨勢成長,農民工隨遷子女的教育問題開始受到關注。農民工隨遷子女的教育問題是中國大陸人口流動的派生性問題。作為弱勢群體,他們的教育問題不單指涉農民工及其子女,更和中國大陸國家發展戰略和社會秩序有直接的關聯。鑒於其原因產生的複雜性,本文以農民工隨遷子女為研究對象,試圖以社會排斥為理論支點,分析農民工隨遷子女進城所面臨的教育問題及產生這些不平等的社會排斥因素。
本文首先闡述農民工隨遷子女在教育起點、教育過程、教育結果遭遇的不公平待遇;接著將西方的社會排斥理論應用到中國大陸弱勢群體的問題討論中,不將社會弱勢群體的產生歸於貧困單一因素,而是把農民工隨遷子女受教育問題和多方面的社會排斥作連結。本文認為,中國社會轉型大背景下產生的二元戶籍制度,是阻礙農民工隨遷子女平等受教育的主要制度性障礙,除此之外,戶籍制度也在制度、經濟以及文化三方面發揮影響,使之排斥農民工隨遷子女。而綜合各層面的社會排斥則可發現,經濟資源分配不均是造成農民工隨遷子女教育困難、承受各層面社會排斥的重要原因;政治排斥則可理解為更深層次的社會排斥,由於遭受政治排斥,使得農民工及其子女陷於政府服務的真空之中,各方面的基本權利皆無法得到有效的保障。
本文最後指出,由於農民工隨遷子女的教育問題涉及面廣,要解決好這一問題必須有賴中國大陸政府結合實際情況,將各層面相關政策作一統籌,並從基本上實現農民工群體的政治權利,才能有助於社會政策更加合理、有效地分配有限資源,幫助農民工隨遷子女脫離被社會排斥的狀態,融入社會。
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財政地方分權在中國地方小學教育發展所扮演的角色 / The role of fiscal decentralization in regional compulsory education development in China陳偉杰 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,世界各國在一片不景氣的烏雲壟罩下,中國仍然逆勢成長,在各項發展上皆有出眾的表現,而探討為何中國能有如此強勁的成長動力之箇中原因,多數文獻皆指向了財政地方分權所帶來的效果,然而財政地方分權除了刺激中國的經濟成長外,是否在其他層面亦有所影響,而其效果是正抑或是負。據此,本研究將範圍縮小至中國的地方小學教育發展。
中國現行的義務教育體制,主要是由地方政府負責管理和籌措教育資金,這意味著地方義務教育發展將取決於其經濟發展水平與財政收支狀況。因此在此情形之下,提供本研究探討中國的財政地方分權化對於其地方義務教育發展之效果為何的動機。本文首先將回顧相關的理論與實證文獻,藉此作為本研究實證結果的基礎;其次,本文也將介紹與說明,近年來中國財政地方分權與義務教育之現況;最後,本研究將綜合整理1994年財政改革後,利用中國省級的追蹤資料(panel data),建立一個二因子固定效果模型(two-way fixed-effect model),並加入財政地方分權變數之平方項,以期能從中釐清財政地方分權與地方小學義務教育之間所存在的關聯性為何。 / Fiscal decentralization is considered as one of the successful institutional reforms to promote the development of China. However, some analyses of fiscal decentralization and the compulsory education in China show that the former did not improve the supply efficiency of the latter one. So the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of fiscal decentralization in China’s regional compulsory education development after the fiscal reform was implemented in 1994. Both theoretical papers and empirical papers related to the relationship between fiscal decentralization and compulsory education are reviewed. Then this study uses the panel data for 31 provinces in China during the period of 1997-2007 and the two-way fixed effects model with two different fiscal decentralization indices. Furthermore, in order to realize the precise relationship between fiscal decentralization and compulsory education, this study establishes two empirical models with the square term of fiscal decentralization as an independent variable. Finally, to reducing the mistakes occurred in positive models and enabling the study more rigorous, this study uses more methods to test the models and the result.
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中國大陸西部地區農村義務教育財政改革之研究 / Study on the finance reform of compulsory education for the western rural areas in China何思瑤 January 2007 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Education
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探討澳門義務教育的路向 / In search of the development of compulsory education in Macao蘇朝暉 January 2000 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Education
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建立我國職業務教育體系及其可行性之研究彭火炎, Peng, Huo-Yan Unknown Date (has links)
第一章緒論包括四節說明研究動機與目的、研究範圍、研究方法與過程等。
第二章理論探討包括二節探討職業義務教育之意義及其發展趨勢。
第三章我國職業教育發展概況分三節說明我國現行教育體系、職業教育行政體系及職
業學校教育體系等之發展概況。
第四章分四節介紹西德、美國、英國、日本等職業義務教育概況。
第五章分四節我國實施職業義務教育可行性與必要性之探討,從我國現行教育行政組
織及學校教育體系、先進國家之發展經驗、技職教育之投資效益及技職教育與經濟發
展等方面來分析其可行性及必要性。
第六章探討我國實施職業義務教育之可行途徑分六節說明實施前之配合措施,探討未
來實施前之配合措施,探討未來實施職業義務教育之方式,調查資料分析、實施之時
間、辦理之機構及所需之師資、設備及經費等。
第七章分三節包括研究發現、結論及建議。經研究發現我國現行職業教育行政組織已
相當完備,職業學校之數量與素質亦已達相當水準,足夠承擔辦理職業義務教育之任
務,在德國等已有實施成功的先例,為了我國生產事業能夠早日升級,緩和當前升學
競爭的壓力,調節人力供需,培育各項建設所需之人才,建議政府早日實施職業義務
教育,加速我國人力資源之開發與運用,以期達開發文明國家之林。
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中國義務教育政策在農村的執行研究 : 以耒陽市南京鄉爲例 / 以耒陽市南京鄉爲例馬婷 January 2011 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration
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