本文章使用 Koenker (2004) 的追蹤資料分量迴歸模型 來分析貿易開放性與通貨膨脹率之間的關係。此外，本文更考量匯率制度的影響以及探討不同型態的國家樣本間貿易開放性對通貨膨脹率的影響。 實證結果發現貿易開放性只對較高的通貨膨脹率呈現顯著負向關係，若加入匯率制度於模型後，貿易開放性仍只對較高的通貨膨脹率呈現顯著負向影響； 而 OECD ( Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ) 國家的實證結果顯示貿易開放性與不同分量通貨膨脹率之間皆有顯著的負向關係；但嚴重負債國家在大部分的分量下並無顯著負向關係。

多媒體編輯工具(Authoring Tools)是一種整合各式多媒體元件於一體，並賦於多媒體節目分枝(branching)、循環(looping)、等瀏覽路徑(navagational path)，進而使得其具有真正的交談性功能之工具。然而現今多媒體編輯工具在必須取用大量資料時，卻往往缺乏與資料庫系統做有效的連結。本研究的目的便在於探討多媒體編輯工具與資料庫連結介面之課題，就不同特性之多媒體編輯工具的功能特性與資料庫連結介面的查詢能力加以探討，並開發一雛形系統以驗證其與資料庫連結之查詢介面與資料擷取之功能，最後並就連結架構與多媒體編輯工具的特性作一比較。 　　在本研究中選定Microsoft所提出的開放性資料庫連結(ODBC: Open Data Connectivity)為連結架構，並以時間軸介面式(Time1ine-based)的Director 4.0 for Windows作為製作雛形系統的多媒體編輯工具，利用Windows環境的ODBC驅動程式透過SQL指令存取Foxpro資料庫中的資料，就查詢介面之設計方式加以探討，並經由實做的過程瞭解以ODBC架構連結資料庫方式的優缺點與可能發生之問題。 　　根據雛形系統的實做過程，ODBC確實能提供一個開放式的共同應用程式介面，在載入不同的資料庫驅動程式後，藉著傳入的SQL命令及相關參數使多媒體編輯工具達到擷取資料庫資源的目的，然而ODBC本身與多媒體編輯系統的結合也需考量執行速度與網路資料等諸多問題；另一方面，隨著多媒體編輯工具功能上的差異，對於設計其與資料庫的交談式連結介面也會產生相當的影響。

「討論」對參與者在擴展知識面、增強理解力和判斷力各方面均能產生積極的作用；然而實務工作者發展出許多的討論操作策略，卻少有理論解釋的說明。更要緊的是，一旦「規定了討論就是對話」能否觸及教育場域中討論的實質經驗問題。準此，本論文研究目的為：（一）理解討論教學與教育實踐智慧的相關論述；（二）探索教育場域中討論的實質「經驗」問題；（三）闡釋教育場域中討論經驗的教育實踐意涵；（四）回應討論作為教育場域中實踐智慧開展的可能性；（五）援引理論向度提供實務操作之前瞻性。 本研究以現象學方法進行訪談與提取主題，首先給予討論經驗的一般性描述，再就主題的相關理論基礎進行論述呈現。後於探究教育場域中討論經驗所涉及的開放性、責任與對話三項主題而有以下六項發現：一、開放性具有「即興」的特質；二、討論場域中的成員透過說話構作現實性；三、討論場域中意義的「開放性」之所緣；四、討論場域中關於「責任」的“被看”與“看”；五、「遊戲概念」提供教育場域中的討論現象一種操作上的理論說明；六、釐清討論經驗的開放性、責任與對話三者的關係。 本研究結論包括：一、「有用性」的「無對象性」，需要實踐智之決斷；二、開放性、責任、對話三者需要實踐智之調和；三、討論的經驗是「朝向不確定的預先投身」或「朝向自身的可能性而投企」；四、對於討論場域中常見的「啞然、霎時無法回應」現象給出的一種解釋；五、討論作為教育實踐智慧的具體操作典型。最後研究建議則為：一、加入「語言-身體性」議題之綜合討論，作為後續研究之引線；二、進一步探究開放性、責任、對話三者在時間結構上的實踐意涵，或許可茲回應黑爾德指出實踐智所具有之實踐導向、反思判斷力及其來自「時間偶然性」與「互為主體性」兩項根本難題，給予一種參考路徑。本研究預期貢獻則著眼於闡述討論適可作為教育實踐智慧的具體操作典型，援引理論向度以提供討論實務操作之可能性、前瞻性。 / Having a discussion can play an active role in expanding the knowledge of participants and enhancing their understanding and judgment. However, many discussion-operating strategies have been developed yet a few theoretical interpretations have been made. What is more, whether the essential experience problems discussed in education field can be involved once “discussion is dialogue” is prescribed? Therefore, this study aims to: (I) understand and discuss the arguments relevant to teaching and educational Phrόnesis[practical wisdom]; (II) probe into essential experience problems discussed in the educational field; (III) interpret the implications of discussing educational practices to the educational field; (IV) respond to the possibility of considering “discussion” as a factor in the development of Phrόnesis in the educational field; (V) refer to the theory of dimension in providing insights for practical application. This study forms a discussion and summarizes the theme using the Phenomenological Method. First, it gives a general description of the discussion and proceeds to discuss and present the relevant theoretical basis for the theme. Later, it probes into three themes related to the discussion in the educational field; namely, openness, responsibility, and dialogue. The results summarized in six points are as follows: I. Openness implies “improvisation”; II. Participants in the discussion create reality through dialogue; III. The aspect of openness in a discussion; IV. To Discuss “being seen” and “seeing” in the concept of “responsibility”; V. The “play concept” provides a theoretical interpretation of the discussion in the educational field; VI. The need to clarify the relationship of openness, responsibility and dialogue in a discussion. The conclusions of the study are: I. “No-object nature” of “the availability” requires judgment and decision based on Phrόnesis; II. Openness, responsibility and dialogue demand the need for Phrόnesis; III. The discussion of experience is “the pre-projection towards unsure direction”, or “dedication into resoluteness towards the self-feasibility”; IV. An interpretation of the “inanity of immediate response” comes up frequently in the discussion; V. A discussion is perceived as a typical concrete model for educational Phrόnesis. Finally, this study recommends the following: I. Participate in a comprehensive discussion of “language-body”, as a basis for future research; II. Continue to explore the practical implications of openness, responsibility and dialogue to time structure, or promise to respond K. Held on his words that Phrόnesis has practical direction and reflective judgment, and respond to two difficult problems from “time contingency” and “inter-subjectivity”, to give a reference or approach. This study aims to contribute to the idea of “discussion” as a suitable and typical concrete model for educational Phrόnesis. It also refers to the theory of dimension to provide the feasibility and for practical application.

開放性與通貨膨脹之間的關係一直是總體經濟學中重要的議題。Romer (1993) 使用 Kydland and Prescott (1977) 和 Barro and Gordan (1983) 的模型進行分析，發現開放性增加會使的降低背離法則的誘因。本篇論文使用 Galvao (2008), Galvao and Montes-Rojas (2009), 和 Harding and Lamarche (2009) 的追蹤資料工具變數分量回歸模型進行分析，同時也以實證分析開放性和犧牲比率之間的關係。在考慮的開放性的內生性之後，我們發現在通膨越高的國家其開放性的影響越大，動態不一致性也越嚴重。 / The relationship between openness and inflation is an important issue in macroeconomics. Romer (1993) uses the models of Kydland and Prescott (1977) and Barro and Gordan (1983) to argue that greater openness will reduce the policymakers' incentive to deviate from the rule. Cukierman, Webb, and Neyapti (1992) and Romer (1993) have an idea that countries with less political stability have a higher probability to violate the pre-committed monetary policies. In addition, as proposed by Romer (1993), the openness may be endogenous when analyzing the relationship between openness and inflation. Thus, we apply instrumental variable quantile regression for panel data proposed by Galvao (2008), Galvao and Montes-Rojas (2009), and Harding and Lamarche (2009) to test whether or not the negative effects of openness is stronger when inflation is higher. We also do the empirical work between openness and the sacrifice ratio to test the mechanism that openness affects inflation established by Romer (1993). After dealing with the potential endogeneity of openness, we find that when the inflation is higher the negative effect of openness is stronger. As the argument of Romer (1993), our empirical results show that the time inconsistency problem is more serious in countries with higher inflation. But our empirical results show that the effect of openness on the sacrifice ratio is positive which is different from the mechanism established by Romer (1993).

企業全球化趨勢的日亦普遍，致使全球化的行銷成為必須。廣告為行銷不可或缺的一環，因此，廣告的全球化勢在必行。近年來，全球化企業在台灣使用「全球化廣告」的情況愈來愈頻繁，無論其所使用的全球化廣告類型為何，閱聽人對這些全球化廣告的看法才是最重要的。 因此，本研究以不同類型的全球化廣告為研究主體，依據外國學者對不同類型全球化廣告的六種定義，使用其中的「完全標準化」、「半標準化」、「因地制宜的執行元素」，以及「概念在地化，執行全球化」等四種全球化廣告類型，從「接收分析」的角度出發，探討閱聽人面對不同類型全球化廣告文本時，他們如何解讀這些廣告文本。在探討解讀型態的同時，並設法了解閱聽人的「開放性人格特質」、閱聽人的「媒介依賴程度」、閱聽人對全球化企業所知覺到的「品牌形象」，以及不同類型的全球化廣告文本等概念，是如何影響閱聽人的解讀型態。 本研究透過「符號學」的分析方法，針對不同類型的全球化廣告做文本分析，同時運用「實地問卷調查法」的研究設計，對受訪者蒐集資料。除藉以了解閱聽人與不同類型全球化廣告文本間的互動關係外，並嘗試驗證變項間的因果關係。 研究結果發現，閱聽人對不同類型全球化廣告的認知程度愈深，愈容易對全球化廣告採取優勢型的解讀型態；閱聽人對電視的依賴程度愈高，愈容易對全球化廣告採取優勢型的解讀型態；閱聽人所知覺到的品牌形象愈趨近於正向，愈容易對全球化廣告採取優勢型的解讀型態；閱聽人的開放性人格特質程度愈高，愈容易對全球化廣告採取優勢型的解讀型態。 / With more and more global corporation widespread in the world﹐global marketing becomes necessary. Advertising is an essential part of marketing﹐therefore﹐the globalization of advertising have to be imperative. In recent years﹐the situation of global corporation in Taiwan uses global advertising becoming universal﹐no matter what type of global advertising they used﹐the most important thing is the viewpoint of audience. Therefore﹐the material of this study are different types of global advertising. In accordance with six different definitions of global advertising from foreign researchers and I selected four types from them﹐they are“Fully Standardized.”､“Semi–Standardized.”､“Varying Standard Executional Elements.”﹐and “Act Global﹐Think Local.”The study started with the approach of“Reception Analysis.”To investigate how the audience interpret different types of global advertising. Meanwhile﹐try to recognize how the audience’s personality trait of openness﹐degree of media dependency﹐cognition of brand image of global corporation﹐and the different types of global advertising itself influences the audience’s interpretation pattern. The present study uses“Semiology”to analyze the content of different types of global advertising﹐simultaneously﹐using the research design of“on–the–spot questionnaire”to collect the respondents’ data﹐in order to understand the relationship between the different types of global advertising and the audience﹐and try to examine the variable causality. The results of the study are﹕when the audience have deeper cognition of different types of global advertising﹐their interpretation pattern of global advertising tend to be more dominant. When the audience’s degree of media dependency is higher﹐they well take the dominant interpretation pattern of global advertising easier﹒When the audience’s cognition of brand image is more positive﹐their interpretation pattern of global advertising incline to be more dominant﹒When the audience’s degree of personality trait of openness is higher﹐they well adopt the dominant interpretation pattern of global advertising easier.