Les assemblages PoP pour " Package on Package " permettent d'augmenter fortement la densité d'intégration des circuits et systèmes microélectroniques, par superposition de plusieurs éléments semi-conducteurs actifs. Les interconnexions internes de ces systèmes sont alors soumises à des contraintes jamais atteintes. Nous avons pu identifier, caractériser, modéliser et simuler les mécanismes de défaillance potentiels propres à ces assemblages, et leur évolution : * Les gauchissements dans la phase d'assemblage du " PoP " et ses contraintes thermomécaniques sont plus importants que ceux de chacun des composants individuels. Un modèle analytique original a été construit et mis en ligne afin d'évaluer a priori ce gauchissement. * Les comportements hygroscopiques et hygromécaniques sont simulés et mesurés par une approche originale. L'assemblage " PoP " absorbe plus d'humidité que la somme des deux composants individuels, mais son gauchissement hygromécanique et ses contraintes hygromécaniques sont moins élevées. * Deux types d'essais de vieillissement accéléré sont réalisés pour étudier la fiabilité du " PoP " assemblé sur circuit imprimé : des cycles thermiques et des tests sous fort courant et température élevée. Dans ces deux types d'essais, l'assemblage d'un composant " top " sur un autre composant " bottom " pour former un PoP augmente les risques de défaillances. * L'évolution de la microstructure selon le type de vieillissement est comparée par des analyses physiques et physico-chimiques. Les fissures sont toujours situées dans l'interface substrat/billes, qui correspond aux zones critiques prédites par les simulations.

韓國的連續劇、電影、音樂等流行文化在1990年代開始大量湧入華文地區，先後在臺灣、香港和中國等地釀成一股熱潮，1999年，華文傳媒首次使用「韓流」（Korean Wave，韓語稱한류, Hallyu）一詞來形容這股韓國文化熱。韓流已經成為隨著三星、LG、現代等大型跨國公司的發展而崛起的韓國經濟的代名詞。 韓流為文化全球化的一個典型案例， 它是韓國的國家文化政策的擴散和實踐的一種象徵，藉由促進創新和創意產業的擴張，來增進韓國的全球經濟競爭力。從韓流在世界各地之現象觀察發現，其威力來得突然且全面，具系統規模且有策略，且其文本意識大膽，更挑戰傳統觀念，並具獨特的文化藝術特質，不僅在韓國國內受到企業和影視界關注與支持，韓流所形成的世界風潮，其崛起的因素及所帶來的效應更引發各國政府和學術界的熱烈討論，尤其聚焦於韓流是否為暫時的效應抑或是長期趨勢。 韓流現象在亞洲各國普遍存在，其中以中國大陸、日本、香港、台灣，以及東南亞越南、泰國、馬來西亞、新加坡及菲律賓等國最為明顯，並擴及印度、中東、中亞和俄羅斯各國，甚至在亞洲以外包括美國、拉丁美洲國家、歐洲、澳洲、非洲等地區逐漸發展。韓劇及韓國流行音樂(以下簡稱K-POP)的流行已經成為一種世界性現象，它以獨特的文化藝術魅力成功地實現了跨文化傳播，使吾人不禁想瞭解韓流何以會成功的關鍵因素，如韓國政府如何推動文化政策？如何運用整合行銷傳播策略？本計畫除進一步探究外，擬針對韓國影視文化產品一旦跨越國界，在亞洲及世界各地如何被消費？如何與當地文化產生互動和交融？甚至產生對經濟的影響及反韓流的效應等進行探討。 「韓流」所帶來對亞洲普及文化現象的反思值得我們深思研究，由於文化接近性，韓流在兩岸的擴散及影響最巨，本論文主要研究目的擬就所探討韓流崛起的背景因素，來分析論述「韓流」流行文化對兩岸的影響及韓國政府如何因應反韓流現象，最後總結研析結果，針對以下重點進行分析，第一，韓流形成的成功關鍵因素及其對國際關係的意義為何？第二，韓流所帶動的經濟效益為何？第三，韓流究竟是短期效應或是長期效應的現象？由於韓流已在一些國家產生反韓流的現象，對當地文化與產業究造什麼樣的衝擊等，進而盼能做為我國推動文化創意產業政策之省思與參考。 研究發現，韓國政府推動文化全球化策略，促使韓流席捲全世界，韓國人展現的企圖心令人心生傚尤之心。韓流對於促進國際關係有著深遠的意義，進而構建亞洲文化的認同，更形塑東亞區域化的作用，但審視東亞流行文化實踐中所發生複雜的互動關係，韓國政府如何維繫韓流及降低反韓流所帶來的負面影響，實為韓國政府應努力的重要課題。

This thesis is concerned with problems of using computers to interpret scenes from television camera pictures. In particular, it tackles the problem of interpreting the picture in terms of lines and curves, rather like an artist's line drawing. This is very time consuming if done by a single, serial processor. However, if many processors were used simultaneously it could be done much more rapidly. In this thesis the task of line and curve extraction is expressed in terms of constraints, in a form that is susceptible to parallel computation. Iterative algorithms to perform this task have been designed and tested. They are proved to be convergent and to achieve the computation specified. Some previous work on the design of properly convergent, parallel algorithms has drawn on the mathematics of optimisation by relaxation. This thesis develops the use of these techniques for applying "continuity constraints" in line and curve description. First, the constraints are imposed "almost everywhere" on the grey-tone picture data, in two dimensions. Some "discontinuities" - places where the constraints are not satisfied - remain, and they form the lines and curves required for picture interpretation Secondly, a similar process is applied along each line or curve to segment it. Discontinuities in the angle of the tangent along the line or curve mark the positions of vertices. In each case the process is executed in parallel throughout the picture. It is shown that the specification of such a process as an optimisation problem is non-convex and this means that an optimal solution cannot necessarily be found in a reasonable time A method is developed for efficiently achieving a good sub-optimal solution. A parallel array processor is a large array of processor cells which can act simultaneously, throughout a picture. A software emulator of such a processor array was coded in C and a POP-2 based high level language, PARAPIC, to drive it was written and used to validate the parallel algorithms developed in the thesis It is argued that the scope, in a vision system, of parallel methods such as those exploited in this work is extensive. The implications for the design of hardware to perform low-level vision are discussed and it is suggested that a machine consisting of fewer, more powerful cells than in a parallel array processor would execute the parallel algorithms more efficiently.

Biological and life history characteristics for a previously unstudied population of sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, in the Arabian Gulf were investigated. Notable findings include temporal-spatial migration patterns for a genetically isolated population that is threatened by overexploitation. Conventional tagging resulted in 2053 releases and 114 recaptures (5.55%) inside the Gulf. Linear displacement ranged from 2.5 to 697 km, while days at liberty ranged from 17 to 818 days. Dead recoveries in Iranian gillnets account for 88.6% of recaptures. Modeling analyses produced a best estimate of annual survival probability (S) at 0.375 (slope = -0.101, SE = 0.324). Fifteen pop-up satellite archival tags were deployed on sailfish during 2001 - 2002 to track temporal and spatial movements. Extensive data from four tags showed 83.7% of time-at-depth was spent above 10 m with no significant difference (P &lt 0.05) in diel preference. Depth ranged from 0.0 m to 61.0 m, while temperature ranged from 19.7 ??C to 30.1 ??C. Small-scale movements of eight sailfish were measured using ultrasonic tracking for periods ranging from 3:33 to 53:06 hours. Track distances ranged from 5.5 to 78.5 km, while linear displacement ranged from 4.6 to 37.0 km. Average speed ranged from 0.29 to 0.75 m s-1. Vertical distributions showed 84.3% of time was spent above 10 m depth, even though water temperature showed negligible variation with depth. Mitochondrial DNA comparison of 147 sailfish produced 39 composite haplotypes using eight restriction enzymes. Significant differences occurred in the frequency between population groups inside and outside the Gulf (amova 34.8%, P &lt 0.01; FST = 0.356), along with evidence of restricted migration between them (average number of migrants, Nm = 0.903). Nine year classes (0-8) were determined from aging analysis of fin spines. Females (n = 50) ranged from 0 to 8 years, while males (n = 34) ranged from 0 to 6 years. Von Bertalanffy growth function indicated rapid growth during the first two years, after which males stabilized and females continued growing to a greater maximum mean length and weight. A comparison of allometric growth between sexes indicated no significant difference between length and other morphometric characters (P ranged 0.135 ??? 0.980).

Zugl.: Hildesheim, Univ., Diss., 2006

Background: The number of IPOs has been numerous in recent years. Moreover, the returns of the IPOs managed to either be over and underpriced. IPO-firms are generally unknown before they get listed. Therefore, the media outlets play an essential role in the dissemination of information to new investors. Thus, it becomes noteworthy to investigate whether media attention could be an explanatory factor for the first-day returns and how it affects an IPO in the short-term perspective. Research Questions: i) If the amount of media coverage two months pre-IPO has any relation with the first trading day return and ii) If the amount of media coverage helps to predict the IPOs stock return volatility after a two-month period (44 trading days)? Purpose: This research will attempt to find evidence if the amount of media coverage pre- IPO may drive the demand for the IPO and the first-day return. For this purpose, it is also necessary to find the under and/or overpricing. Furthermore, a regression analysis will be applied during a two-month period after the first trading day to investigate if increasing volatility depends on the amount of media coverage. Delimitations: The sample consists of 165 IPOs in Sweden from Aktietorget and OMX Stockholm during the period 2005-2017. IPOs are initial introductions that are not unit IPOs, mergers & acquisitions, right issues, spin-offs or buy-out firms. Method: The first research question is explained by a Pearson correlation where X is the media variable and tested against the degree of under or overpricing. Furthermore, a multiple-linear regression is examined where variables market index, Retriever data and trading volume is tested against stock return. Conclusion: It has been identified that Aktietorget has been overpriced 2005-2017 by 2.9% while OMXS has been underpriced 6.8%. In summary, the study did not manage statistically to ensure that the amount of media coverage significantly influenced the stock return volatility.

Submitted by Paulo Junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-11-23T18:22:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme S Bastos.pdf: 595684 bytes, checksum: e40659b65942f49df0f20009c778dd0f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-11-23T18:22:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme S Bastos.pdf: 595684 bytes, checksum: e40659b65942f49df0f20009c778dd0f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-11-29T11:57:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme S Bastos.pdf: 595684 bytes, checksum: e40659b65942f49df0f20009c778dd0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-30 / O objetivo deste estudo é identificar alguns dos motivos pelos quais os gestores brasileiros não utilizam a produção científica originada nas escolas de Administração brasileiras. Parte do pressuposto que esta utilização não acontece de fato. Para isso, percorre por bibliografia que trata das definições de Ciência, da possível existência de uma dicotomia entre rigor da produção acadêmica e sua relevância para a sociedade e da literatura popular de gestão – a chamada literatura Pop Management – e suas contribuições para esta situação. Demonstra, através dos resultados obtidos com a análise de entrevistas feitas com 15 gestores brasileiros, que o pressuposto se confirmou. Por fim, consolida e propõe algumas ações para fomentar o uso em maior escala dessa produção científica pelos gestores. Entre elas, que os gestores passem a serem vistos pelos acadêmicos da área como um público-alvo a ser atingido por seus trabalhos.

The thesis focuses on how literary texts of the so called "great tradition" can become parts of contemporary pop culture based on intertextual connections (a wide variety of them from explicit quotation to loose inspiration by the original) with the historical canonical texts, and especially on the changes occurring during such actualization in the narrative categories (storyline, space, time, characters, narrator). The theoretical part defines the concept of adaptation and related terms of intertextuality and intermediality and specifies relevant narrative categories. The analytic part focuses on two literary "giants", William Shakespeare to represent male literary oeuvre and Jane Austen as a representative of female writers' tradition, to show particular narrative modifications by comparing the original versions with their modernized adaptations that function as their pop cultural counterparts.

xiv, 165 p. ： ill. (some col.) / Our current focus on the city core includes reintroducing the mixed-use building. This typology is not without challenges, and arguably none is more pressing than full retail occupancy. This analysis investigates the potential for start-up companies to supplement traditional retail on an interim basis. By documenting the needs and expectations of the start-up and development communities (from multiple perspectives), this study assesses the potential connection between mixed-use and the start-up company. Using a methodology informed by literature and augmented by personal accounts, this analysis reveals that the inclusion of start-up companies in mixed-use projects can present both short- and long-term benefits to ongoing retail difficulties: mixed-use buildings can be an ideal location for start-up firms, including start-up tenants can be economically feasible if certain measures are in place, and a new development model is not needed to connect an emerging business with an existing project. / Committee in charge: Howard Davis， Chairperson； John Rowell， Member； Gerardo Sandoval， Member

Ao contrário da idéia do senso comum, a camareira é a protagonista e não coadjuvante do sistema organizacional da hospitalidade e do turismo, pois ela é a principal atriz da governança em hotelaria. Em um cenário mundial de dramáticos problemas ambientais, decorrentes do crescimento econômico, em cujo contexto se inserem o turismo e a hotelaria, o papel desta profissional, na gestão ambiental sustentável em meios de hospedagem, torna-se fundamental. O objetivo geral do estudo é analisar a implementação de um Procedimento Operacional Padrão (POP) no setor de governança, que reduza os impactos ambientais em um meio de hospedagem na cidade de Rio Grande (RS). Os objetivos específicos são: a) identificar as ações ambientais provenientes da implantação do Procedimento Operacional Padrão (POP) dos colaboradores do setor de governança; b) estudar a eficácia da implementação de um Procedimento Operacional Padrão no setor de governança com base no conceito de educação ambiental. As variáveis analisadas foram: água, energia, resíduos, política ambiental e fornecedores. Inicialmente, o empreendimento foi analisado por meio de entrevista com o principal gestor e com aplicação de instrumento de observação direta. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada no período de outubro de 2009 a fevereiro de 2010. O diagnóstico foi realizado por meio da comparação das ações no hotel, anteriormente e posteriormente à implementação do Procedimento Operacional Padrão de governança. Constatou-se que o empreendimento já mantinha uma relação comercial com fornecedores certificados ambientalmente. A análise dos resultados permite concluir que, com o procedimento operacional de governança, houve redução de consumo de energia e de água, redução de geração de resíduos. Recomenda-se que os gestores implantem uma política de gestão ambiental no meio de hospedagem e mantenham o programa de valorização dos profissionais do setor de governança. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-06T13:09:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fernanda G C Zanette.pdf: 4201931 bytes, checksum: 121f561b3af014edf41789b2eb3f93be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-06T13:09:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fernanda G C Zanette.pdf: 4201931 bytes, checksum: 121f561b3af014edf41789b2eb3f93be (MD5) / Universidade de Caxias do Sul / Unlike the idea of common sense, the maid is the protagonist and not supportive of the organizational system of hospitality and tourism, as it is the leading actress of housekeeping in hotel management. In a dramatic scenario of global environmental problems, resulting from economic growth, in the context of which fall within tourism and hotel managment, the role of this professional, in sustainable environmental management in lodging facilities, becomes essential. The overall objective of the study is to analyze the implementation of a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in the housekeeping sector, which reduce environmental impacts in a way of lodging, in Rio Grande (RS) city. The specific objectives are: a) identify the environmental actions from the implementation of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of employees in the housekeeping sector, b) study the effectiveness of implementing a standard operating procedure in the housekeeping sector based on the concept of education environment. The variables analysed were: water, energy, waste, environmental policy and suppliers. Initially, the project was analysed through interviews with the main manager and application of instrument of direct observation. The fieldwork was conducted between October 2009 and February 2010. The diagnosis was made by comparing the hotel shares before and after the implementation of the standard operating procedure of housekeeping. It was found that the project already had a business relationship with environmentally certified suppliers. The results analysis allowed to conclude that, with the operating procedure of housekeeping, it had a reduction of energy consumption and water use, reducing waste generation. It is recommended that managers deploy an environmental management policy in the midst of hosting and maintaining the program of valorization of the professional in the housekeeping sector.