Destinationer attraherar konsumenter och besökare på olika sätt. En strategi för att skapa unicitet och stå ut i mängden av destinationer en resenär har att välja mellan är att skapa ett destinationsvarumärke. Detta varumärke hjälper destinationen i dess arbete att skapa en relation till tidigare och nya besökare. Likväl som att varumärket är viktigt för lokala aktörer genom att det skapar en känsla av platsen och ökar värdet av lokala produkter. Men för att nå ut till gästen behöver destinationen genomföra något som kallas branding, vilket innebär att marknadsföra vad destinationen har att erbjuda i form av aktiviteter och upplevelser. En viktig faktor är att skapa en känsla och koppling mellan besökaren och destinationen. För att följa en destinations utveckling samt trender i världen behövs ibland en rebranding genomföras för platser, destinationer och regioner. Detta för att behålla eller skapa en konkurrenskraft mot konkurrerande destinationer. Det övergripande syftet med denna studie är att öka kunskapen om hur de lokala intressenterna spelar roll i framgången för ett nytt destinationsvarumärke. Ett annat syfte är att undersöka vad som uppstår för besöksnäringen när en destination väljer att byta samt förlänga dess destinationsvarumärke. För att uppnå syftet ska en fallstudie genomföras som undersöker hur besöksnäringen använder sig av Östersunds destinationsvarumärke och deras känsla kring rebrandingen som skett. Studien syftar också på att skapa en förståelse för hur besöksnäringen ställer sig mot detta och vad deras uppfattningar är gällande bytet. Samt vad besöksnäringen anser om det nya destinationsvarumärket och hur de har varit delaktiga i framtagandet. Genom ett strategiskt urval har intervjuer med besöksnäring och människor involverade i framtagandet av det nya destinationsvarumärket genomförts. Resultatet tyder på att besöksnäring och lokalbefolkning spelar en viktig roll i framgångarna för ett destinationsvarumärke. / <p>2020-06-08</p>

Background: Approximately two percent of the population in Sweden suffers from heart failure. The next three decades will see a dramatic increase in people at risk of heart failure and with a shortage of available donors, alternatives to transplantation need to be used. The heart-assist device can be obtained as destination therapy or as bridge to transplantation and implies challenges for patient’s quality of life. Aim: To examine how patients living with a heart-assist device experience their quality of life from the perspectives of physical, mental, and social health.  Method: A literature review with qualitative design. The results of the study are based on eleven qualitative studies acquired from the databases PubMed, CINAHL and Web Of Science. Selected articles were examined using the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU: s) template for qualitative methodology.  Result: Three main categories and ten subcategories were identified. One category was physical health, with the following subcategories: Adaptations to deal with everyday life, limitations in everyday life and physical ability. Another category was mental/ spiritual health with following subcategories: negative emotions, strategies for dealing with the situation, beliefs and experiences of control and acceptance. The final category was social health, with the following subcategories: relationship with family and friends, social support and changed self-image.  Conclusion: To receive and carry a heart-assist device poses great challenges for patients and their social environment. Through a holistic approach nurses can create good conditions for patients to experience a good quality of life. / Bakgrund: Cirka två procent av Sveriges befolkning drabbas av hjärtsvikt. De förestående tre decennierna kommer innebära en dramatisk ökning av människor med risk att drabbas av hjärtsvikt och med brist på tillgängliga donatorer, behöver alternativ till transplantation nyttjas. Det mekaniska hjälphjärtat kan erhållas som destinationsterapi eller i väntan på transplantation. Behandlingen är krävande och innebär utmaningar för patienten och dennes livskvalitet. Syfte: Att undersöka hur patienter som lever med ett mekaniskt hjälphjärta upplever sin livskvalitet utifrån perspektiven fysisk, psykisk och social hälsa. Metod: Allmän litteraturöversikt med analys av kvalitativa studier. Studiens resultat baseras på elva kvalitativa studier som inhämtats från databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och Web Of Science. Valda artiklar kvalitetsgranskades med hjälp av SBU:s mall för studier med kvalitativ forskningsmetodik.  Resultat: Tre huvudkategorier och tio underkategorier identifierades. En kategori var fysisk hälsa med underkategorierna: anpassningar för att hantera det vardagliga livet, begränsningar i vardagen och fysisk förmåga. Den andra kategorin var psykisk-/spirituell hälsa med underkategorierna: negativa känslor, strategier för att hantera situationen, tro, samt upplevelser av kontroll och acceptans. Den tredje kategorin var social hälsa som innefattade följande underkategorier: relationen till familj och vänner, socialt stöd och förändrad självbild.  Slutsats: Att bära ett mekaniskt hjälphjärta ställer stora krav på patienten och dennes omgivning. Sjuksköterskan kan genom ett holistiskt arbetssätt skapa goda förutsättningar för att patienten ska uppleva en god livskvalitet.

<p>Purpose of visit is one of the main determinants of destination choice. Assessing the fulfillment of travelers’ desires could thus gauge the tourism potential of a country from the perspective of travelers. The main reasons for traveling are relaxation, pleasure and entertainment, social interaction, opportunity to meet a romantic or sexual partner, educational opportunity, self-fulfillment, wish fulfillment, shopping, business, holiday, health, and transit. Meanwhile, academic research on satisfying the curiosity about a destination remains underdeveloped. The concept of curiosity is central to motivation and curiosity as a personality trait plays a significant role in the behavior of a traveler.</p> <p><br></p> <p>The goal of this dissertation was to examine the tourism potential of a destination from the point of view of travelers interested in exploring new horizons and perspectives to better fulfill their expectations and increase customer satisfaction. The purpose of this study is three-fold: (1) conceptualize destination curiosity; (2) develop a scale for destination curiosity; (3) examine the impact of destination curiosity as a major driver of international travel. For the latter, a set of integral relationships across different measurement items associated with destination curiosity and the cultural identity dimension of place identity is instituted in an SEM model in which the dependent variable is international visit intention. </p> <p>For this purpose, this study coined the term destination curiosity (hereafter, DC), which was defined as the travel enthusiasm that is reflective of a curious behavior to explore and seek fulfillment in acquiring knowledge through the actual travel experience at the destination. Aligned with Berlyne’s definition of curiosity and exploratory behavior, who is the most influential contributor to the concept of exploratory behavior, the two main dimensions of curiosity continue to be perceptual curiosity, which is more emotionally driven, and epistemic curiosity, which is information seeking behavior and cognitively driven.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Having addressed both the affective and cognitive drivers of curiosity to conceptualize DC, sensation seeking, novelty experience, need for cognition, and perceptual curiosity were incorporated into the approach. DC was conceptualized according to Fine's clockspeed model (1998). Fine’s model is related to the rate of change and includes two dimensions: process control (integrality-modularity) and decision control (slow-fast clockspeed). By incorporating this model, both the complexity and diversity dimensions of DC were considered. Therefore, DC was conceptualized in a way that illustrates how the existing or potential competitive advantages of destinations can influence the destination choices of travelers when they travel to explore new horizons and perspectives. In this study Fine’s clockspeed model—as a supply chain model defined to be used by suppliers/organizations—is incorporated in conceptualizing destination curiosity, as personality trait of a traveler, with the lens of demand expectation. </p> <p><br></p> <p>As for developing a scale through a rigorous approach via higher-order factor modeling, a scale was developed to measure DC. Delphi method was used to purify the initial measurement items that were adopted from the perceptual curiosity scale (Collins, Litman, & Spielberger, 2004), the need for cognition scale (Cacioppo & Petty, 1982), the desire for novelty scale (Pearson, 1970), and the sensation seeking scale (Zuckerman, Kolin, Price, & Zoob, 1964) in the travel context. In addition, EFA and higher-order factor modeling were incorporated to develop a scale. </p> <p><br></p> <p>Finally, to ensure the predictive validity of the developed scale, another study was designed to examine the mediating effect of DC on the impact of the cultural identity (dimension of brand identity) of a country on international visit intention. Motion pictures, mega-events, or gastronomy arguably act as instigators; while established brand persistence, geopolitics, or the existence of stereotypes about a destination act as inhibitors when it comes to one’s willingness to travel to another country. Therefore, Turkey was chosen for the context and a scenario was defined that addressed all the mentioned elements. The cultural identity of a destination was considered a proper antecedent for examining the mediating effect of DC on international visit, as the desire to enjoy unique pleasant experiences is likely to be universal. Meanwhile, culture is undoubtedly a unique attribute of any destination, whether a destination affiliated with thousands of years of fame or a non-major tourist destination which has sustained its culture. The significant mediating effect of DC in that study shows its importance in destination marketing.</p> <p><br></p> <p>The DC is arguably critical for the improvement of relations between nations. The more people travel to explore new horizons and perspectives, the more they will understand each other. In the same vein, for travelers with a high level of DC, traveling is a means of nourishing their soul that can eventually improve the well-being of the global society.</p>

Food culture emerges as a social culture and can be summarized through its historicaldevelopment process. The exploration of socio-cultural analysis of food with sociologicalapproaches has emerged in research due to the increased awareness of modern societies’motivations to discover other cultures through food. However, in the context of Sweden,limitations exist in analyzing the continuous ongoing process of a food product’s cultural valueand its potential ‘added value to local cultural expression. This research focuses on evaluatingPike-Perch’s culture value through its historical developed process and how utilization of theproduct has established present brand identity. By targeting the local stakeholder community, theperception of Pike-Perch’s recognized cultural value could be captured and utilized as addedvalue for local cultural expression. The stakeholder’s perspectives were collected via interviewsand observations through the geographical boundaries connected to the lakes of Mälaren andHjälmaren. The findings point towards a recent transformation of Pike-Perch market value,giving the fish a new sociological appearance. As a result, a change of traditional utilization hasreinvented/reproduced Pike-Perch with a different positioning within its socio-cultural setting.The stakeholders acknowledge the success in its development process that has establishedpresent identity; however, to the cost of preserving its intangible heritage. In return, thetraditional food culture appeared fragmented. By reintroducing traditional elements from the pastthat satisfy the imaginations and need for visitors to acknowledge its distinctiveness, the brandcould be strengthened and potentially justify its new market position. This research contributedto understanding the value of food culture from a stakeholder perspective and how post-modernsocieties influence its potential for sustainable destination development.

No description available.

This research is concerned with the development of algorithmic approaches for solving problems that arise in the design and analysis of telecommunication networks, location-allocation distribution contexts, and intelligent transportation networks. Specifically, the corresponding problems addressed in these areas are a local access and transport area (LATA) network design problem, the discrete equal-capacity p-median problem (PMED), and the estimation of dynamic origin-destination path ows or trip tables in a general network. For the LATA network problem, we develop a model and apply the Reformulation-Linearization Technique (RLT) to construct various enhanced tightened versions of the proposed model. We also design efficient Lagrangian dual schemes for solving the linear programming relaxation of the various enhanced models, and construct an effective heuristic procedure for deriving good quality solutions in this process. Extensive computational results are provided to demonstrate the progressive tightness resulting from the enhanced formulations and their effect on providing good quality feasible solutions. The results indicate that the proposed procedures typically yield solutions having an optimality gap of less than 2% with respect to the derived lower bound, within a reasonable effort that involves the solution of a single linear program. For the discrete equal-capacity p-median problem, we develop various valid inequalities, a separation routine for generating cutting planes via specific members of such inequalities, as well as an enhanced reformulation that constructs a partial convex hull representation that subsumes an entire class of valid inequalities via its linear programming relaxation. We also propose suitable heuristic schemes for solving this problem, based on sequentially rounding the continuous relaxation solutions obtained for the various equivalent formulations of the problem. Extensive computational results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed valid inequalities, enhanced formulations, and heuristic schemes. The results indicate that the proposed schemes for tightening the underlying relaxations play a significant role in enhancing the performance of both exact and heuristic solution methods for solving this class of problems. For the estimation of dynamic path ows in a general network, we propose a parametric optimization approach to estimate time-dependent path ows, or origin-destination trip tables, using available data on link traffic volumes for a general road network. Our model assumes knowledge of certain time-dependent link ow contribution factors that are a dynamic generalization of the path-link incidence matrix for the static case. We propose a column generation approach that uses a sequence of dynamic shortest path subproblems in order to solve this problem. Computational results are presented on several variants of two sample test networks from the literature. These results indicate the viability of the proposed approach for use in an on-line mode in practice. Finally, we present a summary of our developments and results, and offer several related recommendations for future research. / Ph. D.

No description available.

Wine tourism is a form of tourism that has grown in popularity in the last couple of decades and refers to tourism which aims to visit vineyards, wineries, and tasting or purchasing wine at or near the source of the wine. Destinations for wine tourism are often associated with warm climate countries which are dominant in wine production, such as Southern European, South and North American countries and Australia. Due to reasons such as climate change and the discovering of wine grapes that have the ability to adapt to colder climate, the production of wine has become possible in countries with a colder climate, among others Sweden. Research about wine tourism is mainly focused on the traditional warm climate countries, and despite Sweden’s wine industry existing for 20 years, there is a lack of research about this matter. The purpose of this study was to fill the research gap about Sweden’s wine industry, and to investigate what possibilities and challenges exist for Sweden to become a country suitable for wine tourism. The aim was also to analyze how marketing through social media platforms could promote wine tourism in Sweden.  Twelve qualitative interviews with owners of Swedish vineyards and other experts in the matter were conducted in order to collect empirical data. To provide a better understanding about this matter, a literature review of previous research on wine tourism and social media marketing was presented, as well as theories about the wine tourism product, sustainable development of wine tourism destinations and marketing theories as these were considered relevant for the study. Based on the empirical data, Sweden has various possibilities to develop in to becoming a destination for wine tourism. However, this development is challenged by setbacks that must be attended in order for the development to endure. According to marketing specialists, the marketing of the wine tourism industry in Sweden should be conducted through social media platforms in order to market the industry in an effective way. / Vinturism är en form av turism som har ökat i popularitet under de senaste årtionden. Vinturism innebär turism med syftet att besöka vingårdar, vinerier och prova eller köpa vin på eller i närheten av vinets källa. Vinturismdestinationer är ofta associerade med länder med ett varmt klimat och länder som är dominerande inom vinproduktion, exempelvis länder i Södra Europa, Syd- och Nordamerika samt Australien. Genom bland annat klimatförändringar och upptäckten av druvor som har möjligheten att anpassas till ett kallare klimat har vinproduktion blivit möjligt även i länder med kallare klimat, bland annat Sverige. Forskning om vinturism är generellt inriktad på traditionella vinländer med varmt klimat, men trots att Sveriges vinindustri har funnits i 20 år saknas det forskning om ämnet. Syftet med denna studie var att fylla luckan som finns i forskningen om svensk vinindustri och turism och att studera vilja möjligheter och utmaningar som föreligger för att Sverige ska bli en destination för vinturism. Syftet var också att analysera hur marknadsföring genom sociala medier kan stärka Sverige som en vinturismdestination. Tolv kvalitativa intervjuer med svenska vingårdsägare och övriga aktörer inom ämnet genomfördes med syfte att samla in empirisk data. För att skapa en bättre förståelse för ämnet presenterades en genomgång av tidigare forskning om vinturism och marknadsföring genom sociala medier, samt teorier om vinturismprodukten, hållbar utveckling av vinturismdestinationer och marknadsföringsteorier presenterades då dessa ansågs relevanta för studien. Baserat på studiens empiriska data har Sverige flertalet möjligheter för att utvecklas till en destination för vinturism. Däremot försvåras denna utveckling av utmaningar som bör åtgärdas för att utvecklingen ska kunna ske. Enligt marknadsföringsspecialister bör marknadsföringen av Sveriges vinturism ske genom sociala medier för att arbeta med marknadsföringen på ett effektivt sätt.

Syftet med denna uppsats blev utifrån detta att studera vad värmlänningar anser är deras egna platsidentitet, och om det är denna platsidentitet som lyfts i platsmarknadsföringen. Detta syfte lade en grund för några frågeställningar som ämnades att besvaras genom vår process.  Genom att presentera tidigare forskning inom olika tematiska ämnen lades detta en grund för kommande våra resultat och slutliga analys. Våra utvalda teorikapitel behandlar plats och destination, platsidentitet och platskänsla samt plats- och destinationsmarknadsföring och spänningen sinsemellan alla dessa begrepp. Plats är där invånare bor, medan destination är den plats där turism utövas. Platsidentitet innebär den tillhörighet en individ kan koppla till en plats och platskänsla syftar till en emotionell koppling till en plats. Platsmarknadsföring är den form marknadsföring som riktas till potentiella inflyttare och investerare till platsen medan destinationsmarknadsföring är att stärka destinationen för potentiella besökare och turister.  För att ta reda på detta genomfördes en kvalitativ enkät riktat till värmlänningar, och en innehålls- och dokumentanalys genomfördes för att analysera marknadsföringen. Detta blev ett enkelt sätt för oss att samla in respondentsvar och relevant empiri för våra kommande resultat, analyser och slutsatser. Vi baserade vår enkät på tidigare forskning och relevanta begrepp ur teorin för att på detta sätt kunna ge utförliga svar på våra frågeställningar, och på detta sätt kunde olika representationer av Värmland studeras och analyseras genom våra specifika metodval.  I och med detta visar våra slutsatser att det inte fanns några större skillnader mellan vad våra respondenter ansåg är typiskt för deras platsidentitet. Vare sig respondenten var man eller kvinna, ung eller äldre, hade hög eller låg utbildningsgrad eller sett till respondentens sysselsättningsgrad var de majoriteten överens om vad det innebär att vara värmlänning. Dock fanns det en liten skillnad i vad respondenterna anser var “typiskt” värmländskt och vad olika aktörer väljer att visa i deras marknadsföring. Vi kan se en spänning, som en sorts paradox, mellan att en plats ofta uppfattas som att den har en identitet medan vi lever i en tid där det anses vara problematiskt att gruppera människor, utifrån deras ursprung. / The purpose of this thesis was to study what “värmlänningar” consider to be their own place identity, and whether this place identity is highlighted in place marketing. This purpose laid the foundation for the framing of the questions that were intended to be answered through our process.  By presenting previous research in various thematic topics, this laid a foundation for our upcoming results and final analysis. Our selected theory chapters deal with place and destination, place identity and sense of place, as well as place and destination marketing and the tension between all these concepts. Place is where residents live, while destination is the place where tourism is practised. Place identity means the belonging an individual can attach to a place and sense of place refers to an emotional connection to a place. Place marketing is the form of marketing aimed to attract potential new residents and investors to the place while destination marketing is to strengthen the destination for potential visitors and tourists.  A qualitative survey was conducted aimed at “värmlänningar”, and a content and document analysis were conducted to analyse the marketing. This became an easy way for us to collect respondents' answers and relevant empirical data for our future results, analysis, and conclusions. We based our survey on previous research and relevant concepts from the theory in order to be able to provide detailed answers to our questions, and, with this, different representations of Värmland could be studied and analysed through our specific method choice.  Our conclusions show that there were no major differences between what our respondents considered to be typical for their place identity. Whether the respondent was male or female, young or older, had a high or low degree of education or in terms of the respondent's employment rate, the majority agreed on what it means to be a “värmlänning”. However, there was a small difference in what the respondents considered to be “typical” for Värmland and what different actors choose to show in their marketing. We can see a tension, as a kind of paradox, between a place often being perceived as having an identity while we live in a time where it is considered problematic to group people, based on their origin.

Several researchers have attempted to understand the destination selection criteria that are important to event planners (Crouch & Ritchie, 1998; Getz, 2003; Oppermann, 1996). However, an examination of the previous studies indicated that only limited understanding of the destination selection criteria has been provided. There is little research that compares event planners belonging to different professional associations and their rating of destination selection criteria. This study examined the differences that exist between three groups of event planners in rating thirteen destination selection variables. The study provides more understanding in the search of an optimal combination of destination selection mix based on multiple dependent variables. This study found significant differences in ratings of five out of thirteen destination selection variables by event planners who were the members of three different associations. Therefore it is providing a valuable contribution to the existing body of literature. From a practical standpoint, this study can help by providing information about how planners of different events feel about certain destination criteria at the time a destination selection is made. All parties with a vested interest in the event industry may use this information to appropriately position their services in the market and tailor their products to better compete for the limited number of events in an environment where the space to host such events continues to grow.