Submitted by PPG Filosofia (filosofia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-21T14:13:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_MARCUS DE DUTRA MATTOS.pdf: 938312 bytes, checksum: f7f780f9c6a0f684f25bcd960a832a98 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-01T14:40:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_MARCUS DE DUTRA MATTOS.pdf: 938312 bytes, checksum: f7f780f9c6a0f684f25bcd960a832a98 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-01T14:50:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_MARCUS DE DUTRA MATTOS.pdf: 938312 bytes, checksum: f7f780f9c6a0f684f25bcd960a832a98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-01 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Pierre Bourdieu states that the Sartrean concept of original project is a founding myth of belief in the uncreated "creator". He contrasts as antithesis to the original project his concept of habitus. Our research follows this Bourdieusian assertion and tests its pertinence. The Sartrian original project starts from a premise of the ontological freedom of the being of which Bourdieu, without affirming it, in our view, uses it to base the influences operated by the field, translated in the habitus. That means: There is more of Sartre in Bourdieu than he may affirms. The conceptual constellation of Pierre Bourdieu transpasses the work of Sartre. / Pierre Bourdieu afirma que o projeto original sartriano ? um mito fundador da cren?a no "criador" incriado. Contrap?e como ant?tese ao projeto original o seu conceito de habitus. Nossa pesquisa acompanha esta assertiva bourdieusiana e testa sua pertin?ncia. O projeto original sartriano parte de uma premissa de liberdade ontol?gica do ser da qual, Bourdieu, sem afirma-la, ao nosso ver, usa-a para fundamentar as influ?ncias operadas pelo campo, traduzidas no habitus. Quer dizer: H? mais de Sartre em Bourdieu do que este afirma. A constela??o conceitual bourdieusiana transpassa a obra de Sartre.

The aim of this bachelor thesis is to study the violations of soccer rules committed by male soccer players. Our methodological approach is qualitative, and our material consists of interviews with six players and three coaches active in division four and five in Småland. The theoretical framework we use consists of two concepts, namely social control and habitus in relation to fields. Our result display that there occure two different kinds of rule violations, intellectual and emotional. The intellectual rule violations are characterized by consideration of gain and loss. The emotional rule violations are not characterized by reflection from players but originate from negative emotions, these emotions in turn engender rule violations. Throughout these two themes we argue that both players and coaches are influenced by their experiences and past. This prehistory gives players and coaches schemas which help them to know when it is accepted to break or not to break the rules of soccer. The intellectual rule violations are motivated through the behavioral schema that both players and coaches have. These schemas are reproduced by informal comprehensions that exists in the world of soccer. The emotional rule violations are also motivated through behavioral schemas but are unlike the intellectual violations counteracted by informal comprehension. Although, these violations are still reproduced as they are deeply embedded in player and coaches behavioral schemas.

Bakgrund: Gymnasieskolan är en stor del av de flesta ungdomars liv. Forskning visar att elevers beslut påverkas av föräldrars sociala bakgrund och de rådande normer och värderingarna som verkar i samhället men också att det finns differenser i hur elever vid olika programinriktningar planerar sin framtid. Det är viktigt för individen att göra rätt val för att få en bra start på sin utbildningsresa, detta ökar behovet av information inför gymnasievalet. Informationskällor som underlättar elevens beslut är av stor vikt för att eleven skall göra ett bra gymnasieval.Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka om det finns skillnader i hur elever vid teoretiska och praktiska program planerar sin framtid gällande studier och arbete. Vi är även intresserade av att undersöka hur föräldrars utbildningsnivå påverkar elevens val av gymnasium och syn på vidare studier och arbete. Slutligen vill vi undersöka hur gymnasieelever får tillgång till information om gymnasievalet samt om de upplever denna information tillräcklig.Metod: Undersökningen utgår från en kvantitativ ansats där vi använt oss av en elektronisk enkät för att komma i kontakt med våra respondenter.Resultat: De resultat vi kommit fram till tyder på att det finns skillnader i hur elever vid olikagymnasieinriktningar motiverar sina val, ser på sin utbildning och hur de planerar sinframtid vad gäller skola och arbete. Ytterligare faktorer som spelar in är föräldrars utbildningsbakgrund vilket kan relateras till den sociala bakgrundens påverkan av elevens utbildningsval. / Program: Organisations- och personalutvecklare i samhället

BAKGRUND: Forskning visar att skolan bemöter elever med olika social bakgrund på olika sätt. Detta får konsekvenser för hur elever kan tillgodogöra sig skolan som en resurs inför framtiden. I vår studie har vi belyst problemet genom att dels åskådliggöra hur elever med skiftande social bakgrund ser till framtida val av utbildning och yrke, dels hur de gör bruk av det svenska språket som en resurs inför deras framtidsval.SYFTE: Undersökningens syfte är att belysa hur elever från två skolor med skilda sociala förutsättningar resonerar kring sin framtida utbildning och yrkesmöjligheter, samt hur de nyttjar språket då de kommunicerar.METOD: Undersökningen är genomförd enligt kvalitativ undersökningsmetod och med en fenomenografisk ansats. Det redskap som har använts är fokusgruppintervjuer.RESULTAT: Sju kilometer gör skillnad. Resultatet visar att de olika elevgruppernas resonemang och argumentation skiljer sig på flera punkter. Exempel på detta är att deras syn på framtida utbildnings- och yrkesval skiljer sig åt. Innerstadskolans elever ser sig i större utsträckning välja utbildningar som leder till medelklassyrken, medan förortskolans elever antingen vill välja utbildningar som leder till arbetarklassyrken, eller arbeten mot högre medelklassyrken. Det finns också skillnader gällande hur språket används i olika sammanhang; förortselevernas språk kräver mer förförståelse än innerstadseleverna, då mottagaren är ifrån annan kontext.

Syfte:Syftet är att undersöka hur barn resonerar kring begreppen ondska och godhet, vad det finns för likheter/skillnader i barnens resonemang samt hur dessa skillnader/likheter kan förstås.Bakgrund:Undersökningen tar upp det ideologiska arvet från upplysningstiden där världen delas upp i dikotomier, det vill säga ont/gott, manligt/kvinnligt, Jaget/Den Andre etc. Denna dikotoma föreställning av världen återspeglas även inom populärkulturen och barnkulturen där ondska och godhet är en ständigt återkommande tematik. Undersökningen bygger även på små barns förmåga att tänka och handla etiskt och hur de tolkar sina uppfattningar om världen genom leken. I avsnittet redogörs för Bourdieus begrepp habitus vilket används som teoretiskt ramverk för att förklara hur barn i förskolan indelas i olika fält samt hur habitus präglar barnens sätt att förhålla sig till olika fenomen.Metod:Undersökningen är kvalitativ, hermeneutisk och jag har använt mig av intervju som metod där en illustrationsdel ingår. Totalt intervjuas sex barn i åldrarna 4,2 till 6,2 år. Resultatet från intervjuerna delas upp i tre olika kategorier: Betydelser av begreppet ondska, betydelser av begreppet godhet samt en separat del där illustrationerna analyseras.Resultat:Resultatet visar hur barnen tilldelar det onda och det goda ett dikotomt förhållande samt hur en del av pojkarna ger det onda en positiv innebörd. I diskussionen problematiseras frågan rörande huruvida barns erfarenheter och intressen värdesätts av pedagoger på ett likvärdigt sätt. Diskussionen går även in på barnkulturens för- och nackdelar i barns skapande av en rättvis människosyn. / Program: Lärarutbildningen

This thesis draws on a Bourdieusian perspective to explore the organisational mechanisms and dynamics in Palestinian politically motivated social movement. The consequent body of literature often lacks an integrated comprehension of Bourdieusian theory, and his three main concepts: field, habitus, and capital. Little has been understood about Bourdieu’s concepts in social movement context to understand the activists’ behaviours, practices, and practical reasoning in structuring their choices and practices. Being inspired by Bourdieu, the researcher relationally analyses and bridges between different subjectivist and objectivist perspectives on social structures and agents’ practices through employing the relational tool-kit of Bourdieu. To further understand the dynamics, mechanisms, and interorganisational and intraorganisational relations in social movements, an interpretive approach was used to gather context-rich data from ordinary activists, core activists and organisers. Findings showed that fields of practices, both external and internal, have specific doxa and species of capital, which shape the rules of the game inside this field, and its relationship with other fields. Data collected found that the ‘state field’ enjoys the most dominant doxa in the Palestinian context, which is deployed to legitimise the oppression of the politically-motivated youth movements that were studied. The external and internal fields’ doxa have a crucial influence on agents’ early socialisation, forms of capital, and field’s positioning. This variation and difference between the activists’ habitus caused multiple modes of domination and conflictual dynamics inside the movement itself in relation to features such as political credibility, recruiting parochialism, ideological conflicts, and repertoires of contention. This study contributes to a more dynamic understanding of the habitus as an open mediating concept and a reflexive space which transforms the activists’ behaviours and actions in some incidents. The findings have implications for social movement practitioners, and other relevant stakeholders such as activism groups and bodies, pressure groups, unions, and human rights and civil society associations. It is suggested that future research examining politically-motivated social movements should consider ethnographic methods to capture multiple observational data and contextual findings. In addition, it is suggested further examine habitus mechanisms in reproduction, change and transformation times.

This project aimed to explore the educational experiences of ‘looked after children’ in one local authority in England. Young people, in the care of the state, have consistently lower educational achievements than their peers who live with their birth families. This situation is not unique to the UK context; it is replicated across Europe and North America. Aiming for an ethnographic study, the project generated much needed qualitative data in order to consider the educational experiences of children in care in Devon. To date much research in this area has focussed on statistical analysis of measured outcomes, and contributory factors which show a bleak picture of underachievement and poor adult outcomes. The design allowed for a more rounded picture of the full educational experience, not just in terms of achievement, but a view of wider educational experiences, giving an in-depth insight into the value that a looked after child places on ‘education’ in its widest sense. The results of this study add to the small body of research in this area which takes a more sociological view. The researcher worked with young people and older alumni of care, with participants’ ages ranging across five decades: 11 to 59, allowing an element of temporality to be considered in a relatively short term project. Experiences were gathered by means of qualitative interviews, focussed on the present with the young people, and using a life history lens when working with adults. The findings were analysed in such a way as to identify educational themes across generations, for those young people who are in the care of the local authority. The study found that for young people in local authority care education is perceived as occurring across their life experiences, a much wider definition than that which happens within formal ‘school’ environments. This broader view of education encompassed life skills, social skills, sporting skills and digital skills. Participants storied themselves as achievers within this wider view of education. The study showed that young people in care could be reflexive in their learning, they storied themselves as agentic, and exhibited a habitus which helped them to learn who they were, and to recognise their achievements. The study adds to current understanding about the way children in care learn. A visual model of ‘Conditions for Learning’ has been developed, based around the three theoretical constructs: reflexivity, agency, and habitus. This model has the potential to be applied to larger groups and other young people, to explore the conditions which support their learning. These findings provide important insights which could inform decision-making within both the care and education professions.

The rise of black and minority ethnic (BME) populations in the UK and US in recent years has led to the introduction of cultural diversity communication strategies within the advertising industry. These strategies draw on beliefs, and cultural and religious values to specifically target BME audiences. This thesis examines the processes involved in creating these strategies, by analysing the discourse and working practices of advertising practitioners. By drawing on interviews and ethnographic observations in eight advertising agencies in the UK and US, it compares the differences in producing cultural diversity communication strategies between a) the general market agencies targeting mass audiences, and b) the emerging cultural diversity agencies only targeting BME audiences. I argue that the creation of these strategies is subject to powerful constraints and institutional racism, limiting market opportunities for advertising. The thesis starts by bringing together Bourdieu's theories of habitus and field theory (1977; 1984; 1993) with contemporary studies of the relationship between 'race' and media practices. This union sets the foundation for my adaption of field theory to analyse contemporary advertising practices and to examine how discourse, working practices and 'professional advertising organisations' reinforce racist ideologies and audience exclusion. In the second part of the thesis, this theoretical framework is applied to the fieldwork. Firstly, my analysis evidences the manifestation of racism across the field and how racial stereotypes are developed. Secondly, these attitudes shape the exclusionary practices that affect how CD communication strategies are executed, particularly in the UK. Lastly, I examine two 'diversity' events run by 'professional advertising organisations', analysing how they set 'good practice' standards and the power they have in shaping working practices across the industry. Ultimately, this thesis goes beyond existing studies on racial representations, and investigates the relationship between racism and intentionality amongst the industry's powerful constraints.

Orientador: Samuel de Souza Neto / Banca: Luiz Gonçalves Junior / Banca: Alexandre Janotta Drigo / Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo os saberes na formação do mestre de capoeira Angola, considerando os valores, artefatos e atitudes presentes neste contexto. Pressupõe-se que os saberes provenientes de uma escola de vida formam a identidade e um perfil profissional, assim como o habitus que emerge dessa prática social. Há dois objetivos principais neste estudo: (a) Investigar os saberes constitutivos da capoeira Angola, bem como o perfil profissional de indivíduos que atuam no ensino desta atividade; e (b) identificar os elementos que auxiliam na caracterização da capoeira Angola enquanto escola. Entre as técnicas escolhidas adotamos a entrevista narrativa semi-estruturada, complementada pelo método de análise de conteúdo sob a ótica das representações sociais para proceder à análise e interpretação dos depoimentos de 7 mestres da capoeira Angola da cidade de Salvador-BA. Neste contexto, os depoimentos apontaram para uma estrutura e organização da capoeira que se assemelha às escolas de ofícios, onde são constituídos grupos que possuem formas peculiares de ensino, dotados de valores e rituais específicos. Esses valores e rituais formam um conjunto de elementos tais como a música, o canto, o toque, os movimentos e a roda, que se configuram em saberes adquiridos na vivência na capoeira Angola. Os mestres possuem valores pautados em uma tradição que tem sua essência na relação mestre-aprendiz, onde o tempo e a proximidade com o mestre são fatores preponderantes para que se obtenha o conhecimento. Juntamente com suas práticas de ensino, os mestres trazem uma gama de gestos, códigos, sinais e movimentos que os auxiliam durante seu ensino e expressam uma hexis corporal que também é expressa na forma de valores, fundamentos e rituais legitimados no passado e que permanecem vivos no presente. A partir deste panorama, concluímos que a caracterização... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research was based on the teaching knowledge of an Angola Capoeira master, involving moral values, artifacts and attitudes around this subject. It is assumed that knowledge acquired from life lessons build up an identity and a professional profile, such as habitus wich emerges from social practice. There are two main objectives to this study: (a) Investigating the standard knowledge on Angola capoeira professionals' profiles who teach such activity; and (b) identifying elements which feature Angola Capoeira as schooling. Among the chosen techniques, we picked the semi-structered narrative interview, complemented by the method of content analysis under the social representations perspective proceding the 7 Angola Capoeira masters' brief from Salvador - BA. In this abstract, briefs point to the structure and organization resemblance between capoeira and trade schools in which groups are formed carrying peculiar ways of teaching, full of moral values and specific rituals. These values and rituals build up a series of elements such as music, singing, playing, moves and the circle which become the main knowledge amongst Angola Capoeira experiences. Masters own moral standards based on a tradition which follows the master-apprentice relation pattern. Spending time and keeping close to a master are key factors to obtaining knowledge. Besides teaching techniques, masters bring along a range of gestures, codes, signals and moves that will assist themselves during their teaching process and express a body hexis transmitting other legitimate values, fundamentals and rituals from the ancient times that have survived throughout the years. From this point, we conclude that featuring Angola Capoeira as a trade school is a reality, especially on the educational and organizational content. Values, didactic actions and masters' postures tend to reach a preservation of traditions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-10-15T19:35:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Carolina de Oliveira Marques.pdf: 4682429 bytes, checksum: c5d69b60aadd40c5d1b9a9b4cf67d829 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-16T17:32:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Carolina de Oliveira Marques.pdf: 4682429 bytes, checksum: c5d69b60aadd40c5d1b9a9b4cf67d829 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-16T17:32:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Carolina de Oliveira Marques.pdf: 4682429 bytes, checksum: c5d69b60aadd40c5d1b9a9b4cf67d829 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / En el límite entre los tres estados brasileños- Tocantins, Goiás y Bahía- el poblado de Pouso Alto representa un marco entre el Brasil rural y el Brasil urbano. Su consolidación data de mediados del siglo XX, cuando el país caminaba hacia una concentración poblacional en las zonas urbanas, lo que originó también pequeños núcleos rurales compuestos por “ex agregados” de hacienda. Acciones y estrategias políticas, económicas y representativas para subsidiar el cambio en la estructura productiva de las propiedades rurales ocasionaron el desarrollo desigual de los territorios, dando margen a la convivencia, paradojalmente, de tiempos y espacios múltiples. Para comprender las contradicciones instauradas en Pouso Alto, lugar situado entre el nordeste Goiano, y sus limitaciones productivas, y una de las regiones de mayor representatividad en la producción agropecuaria brasileña en la actualidad, el Oeste Bahiano, se recorrieron las dos categorías de análisis: espacio y habitus. El nexo entre ambas expresa, por consiguiente, la relación sociedad-naturaleza que confiere a Pouso Alto elementos que se aproximan a la racionalidad moderna y reafirman en ese lugar valores y costumbres tradicionales. Observación, entrevistas, fotografías y cuestionarios fueron algunas de las técnicas utilizadas en la investigación con la finalidad de reunir informaciones que siendo analizadas aclararan un poco la realidad socioespacial del interior brasileño, sobretodo, en el sertao Goiano. / No limite entre três estados brasileiros − Tocantins, Goiás e Bahia − o povoado de Pouso Alto representa um marco entre o Brasil rural e o Brasil urbano. Sua consolidação data de meados do século XX, quando o País caminhava para uma concentração populacional nas zonas urbanas, o que originou também pequenos núcleos rurais compostos por “ex-agregados” de fazendas. Ações e estratégias políticas, econômicas e imagéticas para subsidiar a mudança na estrutura produtiva das propriedades rurais ocasionaram o desenvolvimento desigual dos territórios, dando margem à convivência, paradoxalmente, de tempos e espaços múltiplos. Para compreender as contradições instauradas em Pouso Alto, lugar situado entre o Nordeste Goiano, e suas limitações produtivas, e uma das regiões de maior representatividade na produção agropecuária brasileira na atualidade, o Oeste Baiano, recorreu-se a duas categorias de análise: espaço e habitus. A ligação entre ambas expressa, por conseguinte, a relação sociedade-natureza que confere a Pouso Alto elementos que ora se aproximam da racionalidade moderna, ora reafirmam ali valores e costumes tradicionais. Observação, entrevistas, fotografias e questionários foram algumas das técnicas utilizadas na pesquisa com o fim de reunir informações que analisadas pudessem esclarecer um pouco da realidade socioespacial do interior brasileiro, sobretudo, do sertão goiano.