<i>Coriandrum sativum</i>, conhecido popularmente como coentro, é um vegetal usado na alimentação humana. Também é utilizado como planta medicinal para tratamento de diabetes, complicações gastrintestinais, e como um antiedêmico, antisséptico e emenagogo. Em investigações acerca dos efeitos do extrato de plantas, é importante a determinação de alguns parâmetros físico-químicos. Diversos modelos experimentais têm sido usados, inclusive com o emprego de radionuclídeos. Em procedimentos da Medicina Nuclear que auxiliam o diagnóstico de doenças, o tecnécio-99m (99mTc) é o radionuclídeo mais utilizado. Hemácias marcadas com 99mTc estão entre as várias estruturas celulares que podem ser marcadas com este radionuclídeo e usadas como radiofármaco. Para a marcação com 99mTc é necessária a presença de um agente redutor, e o mais utilizado é o cloreto estanoso (SnCl2). As terapias com drogas e condições de dieta além de doenças podem alterar a marcação de constituintes sanguíneos, bem como a biodistribuição de diferentes radiofármacos. A exposição às vibrações geradas por plataforma oscilatória produz exercícios de corpo inteiro. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a preparação de um extrato do <i>Coriandrum sativum</i>, através de parâmetros físico-químicos, verificar os efeitos desse produto natural na radiomarcação de constituintes sanguíneos e em associação à vibração gerada pela plataforma na biodistribuição de Na99mTcO4 e na concentração de alguns biomarcadores. O extrato de coentro teve a o pico de absorbância em 480 nm. O extrato de coentro foi inversamente correlacionado com a concentração na condutividade elétrica. Foi encontrado o maior valor de pH na menor concentração do extrato (0,5 mg/mL). Não houve uma alteração significativa na marcação de constituintes sanguíneos com 99mTc. E a associação do extrato de coentro e vibração gerada por plataforma com frequência de 12 Hz teve efeito no baço, como observado na fixação do radiofármaco nesse órgão e ação em alguns órgãos alternando a concentração de alguns biomarcadores. Em conclusão, parâmetros físico-químicos podem ser úteis para caracterizar o extrato estudado. Provavelmente, as propriedades redox associadas com substâncias desse extrato podem ser os responsáveis pela ausência do efeito na radiomarcação de constituintes sanguíneos. A determinação da captação do Na99mTcO4 em diferentes órgãos permite verificar que o extrato de coentro sozinho não foi capaz de interferir na biodistribuição do radiofármaco. Contudo o tratamento de animais com vibração gerada pela plataforma alterou significativamente a fixação do pertecnetato de sódio no baço e a concentração do colesterol, triglicerídeo, CK e bilirrubina. / <i>Coriandrum sativum</i>, popularly known as coriander, is a vegetable used in human alimentation. It is also used as a medicinal plant for the treatment of diabetes, gastrointestinal complications, and as an antiedemic, antiseptic and emenagogue. In the investigations about the effects of a plant extract, it is important to determine some of its physicochemical parameters. Several experimental models have been used, including the use of radionuclides. In Nuclear Medicine procedures that assist the diagnosis of diseases, technetium-99m (99mTc) is the most used radionuclide. Red blood cells labeled with 99mTc are among the various cellular structures that can be labeled with this radionuclide and used as a radiopharmaceutical. The labeling process involving 99mTc requires the presence of a reducing agent and the most used for this purpose is the stannous chloride (SnCl2). The drugs therapy, diet conditions and diseases can alter the labeling of blood constituents, as well the biodistribution of several radiopharmaceuticals. The exposure to vibrations generated in oscillating platform produces whole body vibration (WBV) exercise. The aim of this study was to characterize the preparation of an extract of <i>Coriandrum sativum</i>, through physicochemical parameters, verify the effects of this natural product in radiolabeling of blood constituents and in association with vibration generated by platform on the Na99mTcO4 biodistribution, and in concentrations of some biomarkers. The extract of coriander had a pick absorbance at 480 nm. The coriander extract was inversely correlated with the concentration in electric conductivity. Was founded the highest value of pH at the lower concentration of the extract (0.5 mg/mL). There was no significant alteration on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc. The association between the coriander extract and vibration generated in platform with frequency of 12 Hz had effect in spleen, as observed in the fixation of the radiopharmaceutical in the organ and action in some organs altering the concentration of some biomarkers. In conclusion, physicochemical parameters can be useful to characterize the studied extract. Probably, the redox properties associated with the substances of this extract could be responsible by the absence of effect on the radiolabeling of blood constituents. The determination of the uptake of the radiopharmaceutical sodium pertechnetate in different organs permits to verify that extract of coriander alone was not capable in interfering on the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical. However, the treatment of the animals with vibration generated in the platform alters significantly the fixation of the sodium pertechnetate in the spleen and the concentrations of Cholesterol, triglyceride, CK and bilirubin.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-06T18:24:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ZILMAR FERNANDES NÓBREGA MELO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2002..pdf: 14604622 bytes, checksum: 92a403c722a2a592fbb333f263c9b64f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-06T18:24:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ZILMAR FERNANDES NÓBREGA MELO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2002..pdf: 14604622 bytes, checksum: 92a403c722a2a592fbb333f263c9b64f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-08 / Estudou-se o armazenamento de méis de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.) coletados no brejo e cariri do estado da Paraíba. Utilizou-se, quanto à florada, dois tipos de mel de abelha (mel de florada silvestre e mel de florada de baraúna), armazenados sob 3 diferentes condições de embalagens (El - recipiente de polietileno opaco e exposto à luz e temperatura ambiente; E2 - recipiente de polietileno exposto à temperatura ambiente e ao abrigo da luz; E3 - recipiente em vidro translúcido exposto à temperatura e luz ambiente), ao longo de 180 dias, tendo sido estes submetidos a análises físico-químicas mensalmente, com a finalidade de observar as possíveis alterações nas características físico-químicas (°Brix, Umidade, Cinzas, Hidroximetilfurfural-HMF, Açúcares redutores, Sacarose aparente, Atividade diastásica e pH), objetivando verificar a eficiência destas embalagens no índice de qualidade dos méis. As análises físico-químicas dos méis foram feitas seguindo o recomendado pela Instrução Normativa do Ministério da Agricultura e do Abastecimento (Brasil, 2000). Os valores médios encontrados, ao longo do Armazenamento, para o °Brix do mel silvestre ficaram no intervalo de variação de 78,03 a 78,42 °Brix e o da florada de baraúna de 81,31 a 81,63 °Brix e não houve diferença significativa entre as embalagens ao longo do armazenamento. Os níveis de Umidade (%) para os méis silvestres e de baraúna foram 19,48 a 20,48 % e 16,25 a 16,70 %, respectivamente. Os valores Cinzas e de Sólidos Insolúveis não apresentara diferenças significativas no tempo e/ou nas embalagens. Os níveis no índice de HMF ficaram no intervalo de variação de 4,57 a 10,17 mg/kg de mel e 1,08 a 7,12 mg/kg, no mel Silvestre e no mel de baraúna, respectivamente. Pelas análises estatísticas, verificou-se, para os dois méis, diferença significativa a 1% de probabilidade e que as médias diferem entre si. Houve para o HMF, diferença significativa entre as embalagens e a E2 foi a mais eficiente no controle do aumento deste índice nos dois méis estudados. Os valores médios de Açúcares Redutores ficaram entre 74,09 e 76,41 % no mel Sivestre e entre 62,51 e 64,80 % para o mel de baraúna. Os valores de Sacarose Aparente ficaram entre 2,18 a 3,01 % para o mel silvestre e entre 2,40 e 2,89 % no mel de baraúna. Os méis sofreram pequena variação no tempo e as embalagens não influenciaram sobre a sacarose, nos dois méis. A Atividade Diastásica (DN) no mel Sivestre ficou no intervalo de variação de 13,37 a 18,71 DN e 9,14 a 13,25 DN no mel de baraúna. As análises estatísticas para os dois méis foram significativas ao nível de 1% de probabilidade e no teste de Tukey, as médias diferiram entre si, e a embalagem E2, nos dois méis analisados, mostrou-se mais eficiente na desaceleração do índice de Diástase em relação a El e E3. Quanto ao pH, o mel Sivestre foi mais ácido (3,42 a 3,55) do que o mel de baraúna (3,85 a 4,15). Todas as amostras encontram-se dentro dos padrões exigidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura e do Abastecimento. Do resultado final, concluiu-se que houve maior eficiência na embalagem E2, que contribuiu para a desaceleração do ritmo no índice de diástase. Observou-se que o índice de acidez livre aumentou ao longo do armazenamento. / The storage of african bees honeys (Aipis mellifera L.) which were collected from slough and cariri in Paraíba state was studied. Considering the bloomed, two kinds of bee honey (wild bloomed honey and baraúna bloomed honey) were used and storaged under three different conditions of packages ( Ei - opaque polyethylene container, that was under environment light and temperature; E2 - polyethylene container that was under environment temperature but it wasn't under light environment; E3 - translucent glass container which was exposed to environment temperature and light). These honeys stayed 180 days in packages and their physiochemical characteristics were analysed monthly to observe the possible alterations of them ( 0 Brix, Humidity, Ashes, Hydroximethylfurfurol - HMF, Reducers Sugar, Apparent Saccharose, Diastasic Activity and pH) to verify the efficiency of these packages in the honeys qualities index. The physiochemical analyses of the honeys were done according to the Normative Instruction of the Agriculture and Provisioning Ministry (Brazil, 2000). During the storage time, the médium found values to the 0 Brix of the wild bloomed honey were between 78.03 and 78.42 0 Brix and the ones of the baraúna bloomed honey were between 81.31 and 81.63 0 Brix and there wasn't significant difference among the packages during the storage period. The Humidity rates (%) were between 19.48 and 20.48% to the wild honey and between 16.25 and 16.70 to the baraúna honey. There were no significant differences of the Ashes and Insoluble Solids values on their time and packages. The rates in the HMF index varied from 4.57 to 10.17 mg/Kg of honey and from 1.08 to 7.12 mg/Kg, to the wild and baraúna honeys, respectively. According to the statistics analyses, a significant difference of 1% of probability for both honeys was verified, besides the averages are different among them. To the HMF, there was a significant difference among the packages and the E2 was the most efficient to the control of the increase of this index in both studied honeys. The médium values of the Reducers Sugar were between 74.09 and 76.41% to the wild honey and they were between 62.51 and 64.80% to the baraúna honey. The Apparent Saccharose values were between 2.18 and 3.01% to the wild honey and they were between 2.40 and 2.89 to de baraúna honey. The honeys had a little time variation and the packages had no influence on the saccharose, in both honeys. The Diastasic Activity (DN) on the Wild honey varied from 13.37 to 18.71 DN and the variation of the baraúna honey was from 9.14 to 13.25 DN. The statistics analyses were significative at 1% of probability and at the Tukey test for both honeys, the averages were diferent among them and the E2 package was more efficient than the Ei and E3 to the unacceleration of the diástase index for both honeys. Analysing the pH, the wild honey was more acid (3.42 to 3.55) than the baraúna honey (3.85 to 4.15). Ali the samples are according to the Agriculture and Provision Ministry patterns. According to the final result, it's conclued that there was a bigger efficiency of the E2 package and it contributed to the rhythm unaceleration in the distasic index. It was observed that the free acidity index increased during the storage period.

[pt] Nanopartículas de dióxido de estanho foram obtidas a partir da reação de soluções aquosas de sais de estanho em sistemas de microemulsão e comparadas, em relação às suas propriedades texturais, estruturais e de condutividade elétrica, com nanopartículas do mesmo óxido obtidas pelo método convencional de precipitação. Foram realizadas alterações nos métodos utilizados a fim de se verificar a influência dos parâmetros de síntese, tais como: natureza da fase orgânica e do surfactante, tempo e temperatura de reação. Paralelamente, óxidos comerciais de titânio, alumínio e silício foram submetidos aos métodos de impregnação seca e de microemulsão. A influência desses métodos nas propriedades texturais, estruturais e no comportamento térmico desses óxidos foi estudada. As amostras obtidas foram caracterizadas por adsorção de N2, difração de raios X, espectroscopia de reflectância difusa na região do UV-visível e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Também foram realizadas análises de condutividade elétrica e de densidade aparente. As análises mostraram, no caso do óxido de estanho, que o método envolvendo microemulsões, apesar da grande dificuldade experimental, apresentou resultados semelhantes ao método convencional em relação ao tamanho de cristalito, à condutividade elétrica e à diferença de energia entre os orbitais HOMO-LUMO. Entretanto, o método de precipitação gerou o óxido de estanho com maior área superficial, 245 m(2)g(-1). Para os óxidos comerciais, diferenças significativas na textura das amostras foram encontradas. No caso do óxido de titânio, os resultados indicam que o método de impregnação afeta a estrutura desse óxido de forma a permitir a transformação da fase (anatásio/rutilo) em temperaturas mais baixas. / [en] Tin oxide nanoparticles have been obtained from the reaction of aqueous solutions of tin salts in microemulsion systems and compared with the same oxide nanoparticles obtained by the precipitation conventional method. Changes have been made in the methods used in order to verify the influence of synthesis parameters, such as: organic phase and surfactant nature, reaction time and temperature. In addition, titanium, aluminum and silicon commercial oxides have been subjected to dry impregnation and microemulsion methods. The influence of the method used in the textural and structural properties, and thermal behavior of these oxides have been studied. The samples have been characterized by adsorption of N2, X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the UVvisible range, and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, electrical conductivity and apparent density analysis have been performed. Despite difficult encountered in microemulsion systems experiments, tin oxide thus obtained is similar to the conventional method on crystallites size, electrical conductivity and the difference of energy between HOMO-LUMO orbitals results. However, precipitation method generated tin oxide with larger surface area, approximately 245 m(2)g(-1). For commercial oxides, significant differences on texture of the samples have been found. In the case of TiO2, the results also indicate that the dry impregnation method affects the structure so that phase transformation (anatase to rutile) occurs at lower temperatures.

Les maladies ostéoarticulaires représentent environ 10% de l’ensemble des pathologies identifiées en France chaque année. Ces maladies inflammatoires et dégénératives des articulations sont pour la plupart consécutives au vieillissement ou à un traumatisme et évoluent vers l’usure des cartilages, d’où un handicap sévère. Comme aucun traitement ne permet la réparation totale du tissu cartilagineux, la recherche médicale développe des techniques d’ingénierie tissulaire. Ces techniques utilisent des substrats polymériques et des cellules souches qui sont « contraints » de se développer pour former du tissu cartilagineux. Cependant, ces techniques ne peuvent pas encore être utilisées à l’échelle d’une articulation complète car il n’est pas possible de reproduire ex vivo à grande échelle la structure et les propriétés mécaniques et physicochimiques du cartilage articulaire. Dans ce contexte, les travaux de cette thèse ont permis de développer des matériaux polymères capables d’être implantés à l’échelle macroscopique dans les articulations pathologiques afin de combler l’usure des cartilages. Pour se faire, de nouveaux biomatériaux - hydrogels p(HEMA) - ont été obtenus en contrôlant le caractère hydrophile des hydrogels p(HEMA) au cours de leur synthèse chimique en présence de différents co-monomères (acide acrylique, acrylamide, acrylate d'éthylène et acrylate de butyle). Partant de là, les propriétés physicochimiques, mécaniques et tribologiques de ces nouveaux hydrogels ont été optimisées afin d’obtenir des propriétés similaires à celles du cartilage articulaire sain. Ensuite, la libération contrôlée de médicaments par ces hydrogels a été étudiée afin de minimiser les risques inflammatoires lors de leur utilisation en ingénierie tissulaire du cartilage articulaire. / Osteoarticular diseases re present approximately 10% of all diseases identified in France each year. These inflammatory and degenerative joint disease are mostly consecutive with age or injuries and the wear progress of cartilage, resulting in severe disability. Because no treatment will total repair the cartilage tissue, medical research is developing techniques based on tissue engineering. These techniques use polymer substrates and stem cells that are "forced" to develop into cartilage tissue. However, these techniques cannot be used across a run articulation because Il is not possible-to replicate ex vivo a large-scale structure and the physicochemical and mechanical properties of articular cartilage. In this context, the purpose of this thesis is to develop polymer materials that can be implanted at the macroscopic level in the joints disease that will fill the wear of the cartilage. To do so, new biomaterials - hydrogels p (HEMA)- were obtained by controlling the hydrophilic nature of hydrogels p (HEMA) during their chemical synthesis in the presence of various co-monomers (acrylic acid, acrylamide, acrylate ethylene and butyl acrylate). From there, physicochemical, mechanical and tribological properties of these novel hydrogels have been optimized to obtain similar properties to those of healthy articular cartilage. Then, the controlled release of drugs from these hydrogels was studied to minimize inflammatory when used in tissue engineering of articular cartilage.

Le présent travail rentre dans le cadre du projet Hubert-Curien Tassili (PHC) entre l’université de Mostaganem et l’université de Perpignan, c’est une thèse de doctorat en cotutelle qui a comme objectif la contribution à l’étude de la contamination des eaux et des sédiments de l’Oued Chéliff et de ses deux affluents Oued Rhiou et Oued Mina. Cette étude a été abordée par un prélèvement saisonnier réalisé pendant deux périodes distinctes période humide et période sèche au niveau de 15 stations le long des cours d’eau. La qualité des eaux et des sédiments des cours d’eau a été déterminée par l’analyse des paramètres physico-chimiques, des métaux et des traceurs fluorescents.Les résultats obtenus ont montré une forte contamination en conductivité, DCO, DBO5 pendant la période humide et en Cl- et MES pendant la période sèche. Les résultats des métaux ont montré des concentrations importantes en Al, Fe et Ni particulièrement au niveau de l’Oued Chéliff et son affluent Oued Rhiou en période sèche. Cependant, Oued Mina présente des valeurs élevées de Li et de Sr. Les concentrations de types tryptophane, tyrosine et indole montrent des valeurs élevées au niveau des stations de rejets. L’évaluation de la qualité des sédiments de l’Oued Chéliff a montré que l’Oued Chéliff et son affluent Oued Rhiou sont caractérisés par la présence de fortes concentrations de Al, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Pb pendant les deux périodes.Cette étude nous a permis de déduire que la qualité de l’eau et des sédiments de l’Oued Chéliff et de ses deux affluents a été altérée par les activités anthropiques et les phénomènes naturels. / The present thesis was carried out in co-tutelle between University of Mostaganem (Algeria) and University of Perpignan Via Domitia (France), it was partially funded through a PHC TASSILI project (15MDU937). It aims to study the quality of waters and sediments of Cheliff river and its two important tributaries Oued Rhiou and Mina rivers. During this work, seasonal samplings were performed for both water and sediment in 15 different stations along the watercourses during wet and dry.In order to evaluate the water and sediment quality of watercourses, several parameters were analyzed: the physicochemical parameters, fluorescence amino acids and trace metals. The study reveals a significant organic contamination along the watercourses with high concentrations of conductivity, COD, BOD5 during the wet period and Cl-, TSM during the dry period. The results of trace metals showed high concentrations of Al, Fe and Ni, particularly along the Cheliff and Oued Rhiou rivers during the dry period. On the other hand, Mina river presented high concentrations of Sr and Li. The presence of tryptophan like, tyrosine like and indole like in water samples revealed the impact of untreated urban discharges rejected into watercourses. Another part of the work is devoted to assess the quality of sediments of Cheliff river and its tributaries. The results show that the Cheliff river and its tributary Oued Rhiou are characterized through the presence of high concentrations of Al, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Pb, during wet and dry periods. The present study has shown that the Cheliff river and its tributaries were strongly impacted by anthropogenic pollution and natural phenomenon.

Surface water pollution is prevalent in numerous areas of central Roodepoort mainly due to gold mining activities. The surface water quality for the Bosmontspruit, Russell’s Stream and the New Canada Dam was assessed from October 2010 to March 2011. Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the water were determined for 8 monitoring points and the results obtained were compared with the In-stream water quality guidelines for the Klip River catchment and the South African Water Quality Guidelines. A trend noticed throughout the sampling period was the non-compliance in the levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) and dissolved oxygen. The results indicated that concentrations of iron, aluminium, nickel, manganese and potassium were above the limit across the Bosmontspruit and Russell’s stream. There was also significant evidence of excessive faecal coliform and ammonium pollution in the Bosmontspruit. During the monitoring period it was noted that water from these streams were utilised for crop irrigation, bathing, livestock and human consumption and may pose a health hazard due to poor water quality. / Environmental Sciences / M.Sc. (Environmental Science)

OLIVEIRA, Aurelice Barbosa de. Caracterização físico-química, química e bioquímica do suco tropical de manga (Mangifera indica L.) não adoçado obtido pelo processo hot fill. 2006. 110 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Fortaleza-Ce, 2006 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-01T12:11:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_aboliveira.pdf: 464268 bytes, checksum: dfae11a628100cfbc737e4e4df8790a0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-01T12:13:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_aboliveira.pdf: 464268 bytes, checksum: dfae11a628100cfbc737e4e4df8790a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-01T12:13:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_aboliveira.pdf: 464268 bytes, checksum: dfae11a628100cfbc737e4e4df8790a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / The present work aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and chemical parameters and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activity on the processing stages and shelf life of the tropical non sweetened mango juice preserved by hot fill method. The samples were removed afterwards the pulp discharged, homogenation, pasteurization and the product in the end of the processing and after 55, 110 and 165 days of storage (28ºC ± 2ºC). Total titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids (ºBrix), reducing and total sugar, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, anthocyanins and colour (L*, a* e b*) were analysed. The results showed that pH, total titratable acidity, total sugar content and carotenoids not have a statistical significance at a level of 5% along the storage time. It was observed a higher PPO activity during the studied processing stages and in the shelf life of the product, keeping oscillating in a general manner. The POD showed an increasing activity during the processing stages and keeping stable along the storage. In conclusion the physicochemical and chemical parameters for this product were within the limits established by the Brazilian legislation and the thermal treatment was not efficient to inactivate these enzymes probably due to the possible presence of isoforms with different thermo stability grades and/or isotypes renaturation. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os parâmetros físico-químicos e químicos e a atividade da polifenoloxidase (PPO) e peroxidase (POD) nas etapas de processamento e durante a vida de prateleira do suco tropical de manga não adoçado envasado pelo processo hot fill. Foram retiradas amostras após as etapas de despolpa, homogeneização e pasteurização e do produto logo após o processamento e aos 55, 110 e 165 dias de armazenamento (28ºC ± 2ºC). A acidez total titulável, pH, sólidos solúveis totais (ºBrix), açúcares redutores e totais, ácido ascórbico, carotenóides, antocianinas e cor (L*, a* e b*) foram analisados. Os resultados apresentaram que o pH, a acidez total titulável, o conteúdo de açúcar total e carotenóides não apresentaram significância estatística ao nível de 5% durante o período de armazenagem. Foi observada uma maior atividade da PPO durante as etapas de processamento estudadas bem como na vida de prateleira do produto, de um modo geral mantendo-se oscilante. A POD apresentou atividade crescente nas etapas de processamento e em seguida mantendo-se constante durante o armazenamento. Conclui-se que os parâmetros físico-químicos e químicos para esse produto encontram-se dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela Legislação Brasileira e o tratamento térmico não se apresentou eficiente para a inativação dessas enzimas, devido possivelmente a presença de isoformas com diferentes graus de termoestabilidade e/ou renaturação de isotipos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:50:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Fracalossi Baioco.pdf: 791854 bytes, checksum: 59f8b324bb88b6f6a6d459366bd121d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O yacon é uma raiz tuberosa considerada alimento funcional devido ao alto conteúdo de frutooligossacarídeos (FOS). Por ser um alimento perecível, em razão do alto teor de água, métodos de processamento têm sido propostos para preservar os constituintes nutricionais e propiciar o seu armazenamento. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e a avaliação de metodologias de processamento das raízes de yacon visando à produção de suco integral, xarope e farinha. Na condução dos experimentos, primeiro foi avaliado o melhor procedimento para extração do suco das raízes: (i) aplicando o branqueamento a 100 °C por quatro minutos e (ii) não aplicando o tratamento. Definida a melhor forma de obtenção do suco, utilizou-se dessa para produção dos sucos empregados na elaboração do xarope. A porção de suco obtida foi dividida em quatro frações, sendo a elas adicionadas as seguintes quantidades de antioxidantes por quilograma de raiz descascada, respectivamente: (i) ácido cítrico - 0,18 g, (ii) ácido ascórbico - 0,18 g, (iii) combinação de ácido cítrico e ascórbico na proporção de 50% cada - 0,9 g e (iv) sem adição de antioxidante. A farinha foi processada a partir da torta, resultante da obtenção dos sucos, que foi seca a 60 °C e triturado em liquidificador. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas e de cor dos derivados. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio de ANOVA e teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. O tratamento branqueamento foi eficaz na elaboração dos sucos, por inibir o escurecimento, manter constantes as coordenadas de cor e não alterar as características físico-químicas do suco. O emprego do calor na concentração dos sucos para elaboração dos xaropes não promoveu hidrólise dos açúcares complexos em açúcares simples, pois o teor de glicídios redutores não aumentou em nenhum dos tratamentos. Em relação às coordenadas de cor, o xarope com ácido cítrico apresentou maior valor de L*, indicando maior claridade em relação aos demais, e também apresentou valor de h* próximo de 90°, indicando maior proximidade à cor amarela, e maior valor de C*, mostrando maior pureza da cor. A farinha da torta apresentou alto teor de fibra bruta e, juntamente com o xarope controle, o maior teor de cinzas. Os xaropes tiveram menores teores de proteínas, enquanto a farinha da torta apresentou as menores médias de glicídios redutores e não redutores. Desse modo, nos aspectos nutricional e dietético, os xaropes são os preferidos, devido aos maiores teores de glicídios não redutores, tendo o xarope com o antioxidante ácido cítrico apresentado as melhores coordenadas de cor e pH próximo de 4,5, tornando-se o melhor derivado de yacon entre os analisados no presente estudo / The yacon is a tuberous root considered a functional food due to the high content of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). In fact to be a perishable food, because of the high water content, processing methods have been proposed to preserve the nutritional constituents and provide its storage. In reason of this, the present study aimed the development and evaluation methods of yacon root processing in order to produce pulpy juice, syrup and flour. For conducting the experiments, first was estimated the best way to extract juice from the root: (i) apply blanching treatment at 100 °C during four minutes, and (ii) do not apply the treatment. Attested the best way to obtain the juice, it was used for the production of juices used in the syrup preparation. The portion of the juice obtained was divided into four fractions, each of them received the following amounts of antioxidants per kilogram of peeled root, respectively: (i) citric acid - 0.18 g, (ii) ascorbic acid - 0.18 g, (iii) a combination of citric acid and ascorbic acid at ratio of 50% each - 0.9 g, and (iv) without the addition of antioxidant. The flour was processed from marc, resulting of juices processing, which was dried at 60 °C and grounded in a blender. Analyses of physicochemical characteristics and color of yacon products were carried out. Obtained data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey s test. The bleaching treatment was effective in the juices preparation, because inhibit browning, maintain constant color coordinates and not change the juice physicochemical characteristics. The use of heat in the juice concentration for the syrup preparation not promoted hydrolysis of complex sugars into simple sugars, because reducing glycids did not increase in any of the treatments. Regarding color coordinates, the syrup with citric acid showed higher L* value, indicating greater clarity in relation to others, and also presented the h* value close to 90°, indicating greater proximity to the yellow color, and higher *C value, showing a greater color purity. Flour of yacon marc showed high crude fiber content and, along with control syrup, the higher ash content. Syrups had lower levels of protein, while the flour of yacon marc had the lowest averages of reducing and non-reducing glycids. Thus, in the nutritional and dietary aspects, syrups are preferred due to higher non-reducing glycids, and the syrup with the citric acid antioxidant presented the best color coordinates and pH next to 4.5, making it the best yacon product analyzed in this study

<i>Coriandrum sativum</i>, conhecido popularmente como coentro, é um vegetal usado na alimentação humana. Também é utilizado como planta medicinal para tratamento de diabetes, complicações gastrintestinais, e como um antiedêmico, antisséptico e emenagogo. Em investigações acerca dos efeitos do extrato de plantas, é importante a determinação de alguns parâmetros físico-químicos. Diversos modelos experimentais têm sido usados, inclusive com o emprego de radionuclídeos. Em procedimentos da Medicina Nuclear que auxiliam o diagnóstico de doenças, o tecnécio-99m (99mTc) é o radionuclídeo mais utilizado. Hemácias marcadas com 99mTc estão entre as várias estruturas celulares que podem ser marcadas com este radionuclídeo e usadas como radiofármaco. Para a marcação com 99mTc é necessária a presença de um agente redutor, e o mais utilizado é o cloreto estanoso (SnCl2). As terapias com drogas e condições de dieta além de doenças podem alterar a marcação de constituintes sanguíneos, bem como a biodistribuição de diferentes radiofármacos. A exposição às vibrações geradas por plataforma oscilatória produz exercícios de corpo inteiro. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a preparação de um extrato do <i>Coriandrum sativum</i>, através de parâmetros físico-químicos, verificar os efeitos desse produto natural na radiomarcação de constituintes sanguíneos e em associação à vibração gerada pela plataforma na biodistribuição de Na99mTcO4 e na concentração de alguns biomarcadores. O extrato de coentro teve a o pico de absorbância em 480 nm. O extrato de coentro foi inversamente correlacionado com a concentração na condutividade elétrica. Foi encontrado o maior valor de pH na menor concentração do extrato (0,5 mg/mL). Não houve uma alteração significativa na marcação de constituintes sanguíneos com 99mTc. E a associação do extrato de coentro e vibração gerada por plataforma com frequência de 12 Hz teve efeito no baço, como observado na fixação do radiofármaco nesse órgão e ação em alguns órgãos alternando a concentração de alguns biomarcadores. Em conclusão, parâmetros físico-químicos podem ser úteis para caracterizar o extrato estudado. Provavelmente, as propriedades redox associadas com substâncias desse extrato podem ser os responsáveis pela ausência do efeito na radiomarcação de constituintes sanguíneos. A determinação da captação do Na99mTcO4 em diferentes órgãos permite verificar que o extrato de coentro sozinho não foi capaz de interferir na biodistribuição do radiofármaco. Contudo o tratamento de animais com vibração gerada pela plataforma alterou significativamente a fixação do pertecnetato de sódio no baço e a concentração do colesterol, triglicerídeo, CK e bilirrubina. / <i>Coriandrum sativum</i>, popularly known as coriander, is a vegetable used in human alimentation. It is also used as a medicinal plant for the treatment of diabetes, gastrointestinal complications, and as an antiedemic, antiseptic and emenagogue. In the investigations about the effects of a plant extract, it is important to determine some of its physicochemical parameters. Several experimental models have been used, including the use of radionuclides. In Nuclear Medicine procedures that assist the diagnosis of diseases, technetium-99m (99mTc) is the most used radionuclide. Red blood cells labeled with 99mTc are among the various cellular structures that can be labeled with this radionuclide and used as a radiopharmaceutical. The labeling process involving 99mTc requires the presence of a reducing agent and the most used for this purpose is the stannous chloride (SnCl2). The drugs therapy, diet conditions and diseases can alter the labeling of blood constituents, as well the biodistribution of several radiopharmaceuticals. The exposure to vibrations generated in oscillating platform produces whole body vibration (WBV) exercise. The aim of this study was to characterize the preparation of an extract of <i>Coriandrum sativum</i>, through physicochemical parameters, verify the effects of this natural product in radiolabeling of blood constituents and in association with vibration generated by platform on the Na99mTcO4 biodistribution, and in concentrations of some biomarkers. The extract of coriander had a pick absorbance at 480 nm. The coriander extract was inversely correlated with the concentration in electric conductivity. Was founded the highest value of pH at the lower concentration of the extract (0.5 mg/mL). There was no significant alteration on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc. The association between the coriander extract and vibration generated in platform with frequency of 12 Hz had effect in spleen, as observed in the fixation of the radiopharmaceutical in the organ and action in some organs altering the concentration of some biomarkers. In conclusion, physicochemical parameters can be useful to characterize the studied extract. Probably, the redox properties associated with the substances of this extract could be responsible by the absence of effect on the radiolabeling of blood constituents. The determination of the uptake of the radiopharmaceutical sodium pertechnetate in different organs permits to verify that extract of coriander alone was not capable in interfering on the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical. However, the treatment of the animals with vibration generated in the platform alters significantly the fixation of the sodium pertechnetate in the spleen and the concentrations of Cholesterol, triglyceride, CK and bilirubin.

Bien que dits « inoxydables », les aciers inox peuvent être sujets à diverses formes decorrosion localisée telles que la piqûration. La formation de piqûres, nuisible à l’aspect et à l’intégritéstructurelle du matériau, est notamment contrôlée par les propriétés du film passif protecteur qui seforme à la surface des inox. De nombreuses études ont été menées sur les mécanismes de piqûration desurfaces modèles préparées au laboratoire. Cette thèse, au contraire, étudie les relations entre lespropriétés physico-chimiques et électroniques, d’une part, et la résistance à la corrosion par piqûres,d’autre part, de films passifs formés sur des inox par des finis de surfaces industriels.Les propriétés des films passifs ont été caractérisées par des méthodes variées, utiliséesclassiquement ou de façon plus originale : multi-piqûres et transitoires électrochimiques pour lapropriété d’usage, XPS et SDL pour la chimie de surface, spectroscopie d’impédance électrochimique,chrono-ampérométrie et photoélectrochimie pour les propriétés semi-conductrices des films.Il a été montré que la résistance à la piqûration des finis industriels pouvait valablement êtredéterminée par la méthode des transitoires électrochimiques et par la multi-piqûres, utiliséesauparavant pour les seules surfaces modèles. Par ailleurs, l’analyse comparée des résultats depiqûration et de ceux d’XPS et SDL a mis en évidence que la composition chimique des films passifsne suffit pas à rendre compte des différences de résistance à la piqûration des différents finisindustriels testés. En revanche, l’analyse des propriétés semi-conductrices des différents films passifs apermis de proposer des explications à ces écarts de comportements en corrosion localisée, confirmantque structure et taux de défauts du film passif sont deux paramètres clef de la résistance à la corrosionpar piqûres des films passifs.Enfin, une amélioration du comportement en piqûration des surfaces industrielles a pu êtremise en évidence, soit après un traitement court de ces dernières en milieu nitrique acide, soit àl’application aux échantillons d’un balayage en potentiel en milieu sulfate neutre. / Stainless steels can suffer localized corrosion like pitting corrosion which can damage thestructural integrity of the material. The pit formation is mainly controlled by properties of theprotective layer formed on the stainless steel surface, which is called passive film. Many studies haveexamined pitting mechanism on model surface prepared in the laboratory. This work is dedicated tostudy the relations between physicochemical and electronic properties of industrially processedpassive films and their pitting corrosion resistance.The properties of passive films have been characterized with several methods which can beconventional or in a more innovative way: multi-pitting statistics and electrochemical noise for the useproperty, XPS and SDL for the surface chemistry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,chronoamperometry and photo-electrochemistry for semi-conductive properties of the passive films.Multi-pitting statistics and electrochemical transients which were usually used on modelsurfaces have been shown to be accurate for the evaluation of the pitting resistance of industrialsurface finishing samples. Furthermore, the comparison of the results of pitting resistance and of XPSand SDL analyses has shown that the chemical composition of passive films is not sufficient to explainthe difference of pitting resistance behavior among tested industrial passive films. However, the semiconductiveproperties characterizations are able to explain these differences of localized corrosionresistance. They confirm that structuration and defect level are two key parameters of pitting resistanceproperties of passive films.At last, this study highlighted that the pitting resistance of industrial passive films can beimproved by a short nitric acid treatment or by sweep voltammetry in neutral sulfate medium.