Les humains sont capables de suivre visuellement des objets sans effort. Cependant les algorithmes de vision artificielle rencontrent des limitations pour suivre des objets en mouvement rapide, sous un éclairage variable, en présence d'occultations, dans un environnement complexe ou dont l'apparence varie à cause de déformations et de changements de point de vue. Parce que des systèmes génériques, précis, robustes et rapides sont nécessaires pour de nombreuses d’applications, le suivi d’objets reste un problème pratique important en vision par ordinateur. La première contribution de cette thèse est une approche calculatoire rapide pour le suivi d'objets de forme et de mouvement variable. Elle consiste en un système unifié et configurable pour estimer l'attitude d’un objet déformable dans un espace d'états de dimension petite ou grande. L’objet est décomposé en une suite de segments composés de parties et organisés selon une hiérarchie spatio-temporelle contrainte. L'efficacité et l’universalité de cette approche sont démontrées expérimentalement sur de nombreux exemples de suivi de divers objets flexibles et articulés. Les caractéristiques de Haar (HLF) sont abondement utilisées pour le suivi d’objets. La deuxième contribution est une méthode de décomposition des HLF permettant de les calculer de manière efficace. Ces caractéristiques sont décomposées en noyaux plus simples, éventuellement réutilisables, et reformulées comme des convolutions multi-passes. La recherche et l'alignement des noyaux dans et entre les passes permet de créer des arbres récursifs de noyaux qui nécessitent moins d’opérations en mémoire que les systèmes de calcul classiques, pour un résultat de convolution identique et une mise en œuvre plus efficace. Cette approche a été validée expérimentalement sur des exemples de HLF très utilisés / Humans can visually track objects mostly effortlessly. However, it is hard for a computer to track a fast moving object under varying illumination and occlusions, in clutter, and with varying appearance in camera projective space due to its relaxed rigidity or change in viewpoint. Since a generic, precise, robust, and fast tracker could trigger many applications, object tracking has been a fundamental problem of practical importance since the beginnings of computer vision. The first contribution of the thesis is a computationally efficient approach to tracking objects of various shapes and motions. It describes a unifying tracking system that can be configured to track the pose of a deformable object in a low or high-dimensional state-space. The object is decomposed into a chained assembly of segments of multiple parts that are arranged under a hierarchy of tailored spatio-temporal constraints. The robustness and generality of the approach is widely demonstrated on tracking various flexible and articulated objects. Haar-like features are widely used in tracking. The second contribution of the thesis is a parser of ensembles of Haar-like features to compute them efficiently. The features are decomposed into simpler kernels, possibly shared by subsets of features, thus forming multi-pass convolutions. Discovering and aligning these kernels within and between passes allows forming recursive trees of kernels that require fewer memory operations than the classic computation, thereby producing the same result but more efficiently. The approach is validated experimentally on popular examples of Haar-like features

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-02-09T15:05:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisandro J. de Vargas_.pdf: 2133593 bytes, checksum: d88e4cf367950643d13827d22a1c4888 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-09T15:05:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisandro J. de Vargas_.pdf: 2133593 bytes, checksum: d88e4cf367950643d13827d22a1c4888 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-22 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Sistemas de informação têm sido introduzidos progressivamente nos ambientes de manufatura. Isso advém da necessidade de captar dados, otimizar processos e gerar informações de maneira eficiente, inclusive em tempo real das operações produtivas, visando facilitar a tomada de decisão de gerentes e analistas. O Manufacturing Execution System (MES), denominado Sistema de Controle da Manufatura, pode auxiliar as empresas a captar dados e gerar informações, identificar e melhorar seus resultados. Entretanto, o simples acesso a um sistema de informação não garante vantagem. Portanto, para obter resultados consistentes é necessário alinhamento a jusante e a montante entre estratégias e táticas às práticas de produção com os sistemas de informação disponíveis no chão-de-fábrica. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa buscou responder ao problema de pesquisa como determinar o foco das funcionalidades que compõem os pilares de um MES para à satisfação dos objetivos estratégicos da manufatura?; sendo o MES representado pelos pilares e suas funcionalidades e estratégia da manufatura representada pelas prioridades de competência da manufatura. O objetivo geral consistiu em elaborar uma modelagem que possa distribuir importâncias entre as funcionalidades que compõem os pilares de um MES para aplicações industrias. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi a modelagem qualiquantitativa e as técnicas de coleta de dados foram entrevistas, aplicação da Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) e escala Likert, e grupo focal. A modelagem desenvolvida possibilita identificar um vetor de importância entre funcionalidades e um quadrante entre aplicação e melhoria destes vetores. Com isso, permite que as empresas que possuem ou buscam implantar sistemas MES e aplicadores de sistemas MES possam identificar quais elementos de medição e controle da manufatura mais representam os objetivos estratégicos da manufatura; além de contribuir ao avanço em pesquisas acerca de MES e estratégia da manufatura. Esta modelagem foi aplicada em duas empresas que datam o uso do MES de onze e oito anos, com produto e processos diferentes. Os resultados obtidos foram considerados consistentes e representativos à realidade das empresas. / Information systems have been progressively introduced in manufacturing environments. This is due to the need to capture data, optimize processes and generate information efficiently, including real-time production operations, to facilitate decision-making by managers and analysts. The Manufacturing Execution System (MES), called the Manufacturing Control System, can help companies capture data and generate information, identify and improve their results. However, simple access to an information system does not assure advantage. Therefore, to achieve consistent results, downstream and upstream alignment between strategies and tactics is required for production practices with the information systems available on the factory floor. In this sense, this research sought to answer the research problem how to determine the focus of the features that make up the core functions of a MES for the satisfaction of the strategic objectives of the manufacture; being the MES represented by the core functions and its features and manufacturing strategy represented by the competitive capabilities. The overall objective was to elaborate a model that can distribute importance between the features that make up the core functions of a MES for industrial applications. The research method used was qualitativequantitative modeling and the techniques of data collection were interviews, application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Likert scale, and focus group. The developed model allows identifying a vector of importance between features and a quadrant between application and improvement of these vectors. Thereby, it allows companies that have or are look up to deploy MES systems and MES system applicators to identify which elements of manufacturing measurement and control most represent the strategic objectives of manufacturing; besides contributing to the advancement in research on MES and manufacturing strategy. This model was applied in two companies that date the use of the MES of eleven and eight years, with diferente product and processes. The results obtained were considered consistent and representative to the reality of the companies.

There are many different programs that can perform Computer Aided Design (CAD). In order for these programs to share data, file translations need to occur. These translations have typically been done by IGES and STEP files. With the work done at the BYU CAD Lab to create a multi-engineer synchronous heterogeneous CAD environment, these translation processes have become synchronous by using a server and a database to manage the data. However, this system stores part data in a database. The data in the database cannot be used in traditional Product Lifecycle Management systems. In order to remedy this, a new database was developed that enables every edit made in a CAD part across multiple CAD systems to be stored as well as worked on simultaneously. This allows users to access every action performed in a part. Branching was introduced to the database which allows users to work on multiple configurations of a part simultaneously and reduces file save sizes for different configurations by 98.6% compared to those created by traditional CAD systems.

An important challenge in natural language surface realization is the generation of grammatical sentences from incomplete sentence plans. Realization can be broken into a two-stage process consisting of an over-generating rule-based module followed by a ranker that outputs the most probable candidate sentence based on a statistical language model. Thus far, an n-gram language model has been evaluated in this context. More sophisticated syntactic knowledge is expected to improve such a ranker. In this thesis, a new language model based on featurized functional dependency syntax was developed and evaluated. Generation accuracies and cross-entropy for the new language model did not beat the comparison bigram language model.

Though mental health issues are prevalent in Black young adults, they underutilize mental healthcare services. This research examined the role of feature-based discrimination in mental healthcare (under)utilization. Study 1, a secondary analysis of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, provided no evidence supporting a link between skin tone and mental healthcare utilization, when controlling for depression diagnosis. However, when controlling for depression symptoms, there was a trend such that Black young adults with darker, as opposed to lighter, skin tone utilized healthcare less. Study 2, an experimental study with 33 Black college students, showed 73% of the sample preferred a Black counselor. Additionally, they preferred counselors with darker skin, wider nose, and thicker lips, compared to counselors with lighter skin, narrower nose, and thinner lips. These findings suggest the importance of taking into account Afrocentric features and its social consequences when assessing health-related behaviors in Black Americans.

Pour adresser les nœuds technologiques avancés dans le cadre de la lithographie électronique, une nouvelle stratégie de correction des effets de proximité a été imaginée pour prendre le relai de la technique standard de modulation de dose. Dans ces travaux de thèse, les effets de proximité ont été analysés sur les outils e-beam de dernière génération au sein du LETI. Les limites de la modulation de dose ont aussi été évaluées. Parallèlement, une approche plus fondamentale, basée sur la simulation, a permis de mieux comprendre l'impact des différentes étapes du procédé de lithographie sur les motifs réalisés. Une nouvelle stratégie de correction avancée, appelée exposition multiple, a ensuite été mise au point. Celle-ci fait intervenir des motifs spécifiques appelés eRIF (electron Resolution lmprovement Features) dont l'exposition, couplée à celle des motifs initiaux permet de mieux contrôler la répartition de la dose injectée dans la résine. On parle alors d'expositions multiples. Au cours de ces travaux le positionnement des eRIF, ainsi que leurs dimensions ont fait l'objet d'une étude approfondie. L'élaboration d'algorithmes d'optimisation et la réalisation d'expérimentations en salle blanche ont permis d'optimiser ces paramètres et de mettre en évidence les gains apportés par les eRIF. Par rapport à la modulation de dose, des améliorations significatives ont pu être démontrées sur de véritables circuits intégrés. Grâce à l'exposition multiple, la résolution ultime des outils de lithographie e-beam a été repoussée de 2 nœuds technologiques pour les niveaux les plus critiques d'un circuit. Les règles de dessin retenues pour réaliser les eRIF ont ensuite été intégrées dans des modèles de corrections. via le logiciel de préparation de données INSCALE d'ASELTA NANOGRAPHICS pour assurer une correction automatisée des circuits. / In electron beam lithography, a new proximity affects correction strategy has been imagined to push the resolution capabilities beyond the limitations of the standard dose modulation. In this work, the proximity affects inherent to e-beam lithography have been studied on the newest e-beam tools available at LETI. First, the limits of the standard dose modulation correction have been evaluated. The influences of each step of the lithographic process have also been analyzed from a theoretical point a view. A simulation approach was built and used to determine the impact of each of these steps on the patterned features. Then, a new writing strategy has been fully developed. It involves sub resolution features known as eRIF (electron Resolution Improvement features) which provide a finer control of the dose profile into the resist. Since the eRIF are exposed a top the nominal features, this new writing strategy is called multiple pass exposure. In this work, the position, the dose and the design of the eRIF have been studied and optimized to get the best of this new strategy. To do so, experiments were led in a clean room environment, and minimization algorithms have been developed. It has been demonstrated that the eRIF provide a significant gain compared to the standard dose modulation. Improvements have been observed even on the most critical levels of the Integrated circuits. By using the multiple pass exposure with optimized eRIF, the resolution capabilities of the e-beam tool have been reduced by 2 technological nodes. The design rules that have been determined to use the eRIF the most efficient way were finally implemented in INSCALE, the new data preparation software developed by ASELTA NANOGRAPHICS. This way, multiple pass exposure can be used in an automated mode to correct full layouts.

La classification de séries temporelles a suscité beaucoup d’intérêt au cours des dernières années en raison de ces nombreuses applications. Nous commençons par proposer la méthode Dense Bag-of-Temporal-SIFT-Words (D-BoTSW) qui utilise des descripteurs locaux basés sur la méthode SIFT, adaptés pour les données en une dimension et extraits à intervalles réguliers. Des expériences approfondies montrent que notre méthode D-BoTSW surpassent de façon significative presque tous les classificateurs de référence comparés. Ensuite, nous proposons un nouvel algorithmebasé sur l’algorithme Learning Time Series Shapelets (LTS) que nous appelons Adversarially- Built Shapelets (ABS). Cette méthode est basée sur l’introduction d’exemples adversaires dans le processus d’apprentissage de LTS et elle permet de générer des shapelets plus robustes. Des expériences montrent une amélioration significative de la performance entre l’algorithme de base et notre proposition. En raison du manque de jeux de données labelisés, formatés et disponibles enligne, nous utilisons deux jeux de données appelés TiSeLaC et Brazilian-Amazon. / Time Series Classification (TSC) has received an important amount of interest over the past years due to many real-life applications. In this PhD, we create new algorithms for TSC, with a particular emphasis on Remote Sensing (RS) time series data. We first propose the Dense Bag-of-Temporal-SIFT-Words (D-BoTSW) method that uses dense local features based on SIFT features for 1D data. Extensive experiments exhibit that D-BoTSW significantly outperforms nearly all compared standalone baseline classifiers. Then, we propose an enhancement of the Learning Time Series Shapelets (LTS) algorithm called Adversarially-Built Shapelets (ABS) based on the introduction of adversarial time series during the learning process. Adversarial time series provide an additional regularization benefit for the shapelets and experiments show a performance improvementbetween the baseline and our proposed framework. Due to the lack of available RS time series datasets,we also present and experiment on two remote sensing time series datasets called TiSeLaCand Brazilian-Amazon

When species compete for resources, in a stable homogeneous environment, there are two possible outcomes. The first is that one species will out-compete the other and exclude it from the environment. This is known as the competitive exclusion principle. The second is that both species will manage to coexist. Coexistence can only occur if the species’ niches are differentiated such that interspecific competition is minimised, or eliminated. This outcome is known as resource partitioning. Two closely related Australian skink species of the Egernia genus, Egernia multiscutata and Egernia whitii, are abundant and sympatric on Wedge Island in South Australia’s Spencer Gulf. The species are morphologically very similar and appear to have very similar life histories and habitat requirements. Ostensibly, they would compete for limiting resources in this environment. This thesis is the first investigation into resource partitioning in this previously unstudied model organism. I report the results of multi-faceted investigations into the coexistence of the skinks, E. multiscutata and E. whitii on Wedge Island and the evidence for, and mechanisms of, any facultative resource partitioning between them. Study methods involved a transect survey of most of Wedge Island to determine the species’ distributions and any evidence for resource partitioning; a morphological comparison to investigate any potential competitive advantages of either species; a habitat choice experiment to establish retreat-site preferences in the absence of interspecific interference; and, a series of staged dyadic encounter experiments to investigate interspecific competitive interactions. Resource partitioning was evidenced by differential distributions of the species among substrates containing the elements required for permanent refuge shelters. This partitioning was not mediated by avoidance of particular substrates but by the presence of the opponent species, combined with attraction to suitable substrates. Asymmetries in some morphological characters were found to confer a potential competitive advantage to E. multiscutata in agonistic encounters with E. whitii. Both species were found to have the same refuge site preferences when interference competition was experimentally removed. This result was not concordant with observed resource partitioning in the field and suggests that the habitat choices of both species are modified by the presence of the opponent species. Analyses of staged dyadic encounter experiments showed that E. multiscutata was more likely to gain greater access to a contested habitat resource and more likely to exclude E. whitii from the resource than vice-versa. Nevertheless, the outcome of competitive interactions was not completely deterministic and there was some tolerance of co-habitation. E. multiscutata’s competitive advantage was attributable largely to its greater mass and head dimensions relative to snout to vent length. However, differential behavioural responses to the threat of larger opponent size also played an important part in resource partitioning between the species.

由於社會人口結構逐漸老化，電子健康照護服務的需求日漸增長，在今日成為健康照護服務中成長最迅速的領域，因此，服務設計就在健康照護產業中成為一個關鍵的議題。設計一個成功且完善的服務系統，首先要先了解病患的特性及需求，我們引用調節變項模型的概念，提出一套電子化健康照護服務設計架構，研究病患的服務偏好以及服務特色之間的配適性關係。本研究採個案研究法，透過台大醫院遠距醫療照護服務計畫中收集資料，我們研究結果發現在病患服務偏好以及服務特色當中存在著高度的配適性關係，如同我們的假設，在這之間的配適度將是一個影響服務效能的關鍵因素之一，本篇論文的貢獻在於為電子健康照護服務產業上提供一個良好的服務系統架構，並且提出一個驗證後的模型以了解關鍵的相關服務特色。 / The demand of e-Health care has been dramatically increasing and is quickly becoming one of the fastest growing areas of health-care today, due to today’s rapidly aging society; service design has therefore become a critical issue in the e-Health industry. To design a successful e-Health system, one must consider the different characteristics and preferences of each patient and design a system from a practical point of view. According to the concept of fit through moderation, this research aims to propose an e-Health design framework that examines the correlational fit between e-Health features and patient preference for achieving the best performance. We conducted a survey, where data was collected from the e-Health care program at the National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH). From these sources, we found that there is an existing fit between e-Health service features and the preferences of different patient segments. Our findings also coincide with our pervious hypotheses that the fit between service features and patient preference contribute the service performance. The contribution of study is to provide a better understanding of critical service features through a validated framework in order to develop a better service system design for the provision of e-Health service.

隨著網路學習模式的發展演進，數位學習模式也逐漸由重視個人自我學習，慢慢轉變成由電腦促成多人合作學習模式，進而產生了網路學習社群的概念。過去網路社群相關研究多以一般商業社群或是社交導向社群為研究範圍，並依據使用者參與動機及透過討論區內容分析互動行為，加以歸納出網路社群角色類型以及不同角色類型對社群經營的影響。而網路學習社群研究則著重於討論互動的歷程，以探討成員行為與角色之間的關係為主，鮮少有研究定義網路學習社群角色類型與行為特徵，並據此促成更有效的網路合作式學習成員組合，提升網路合作式討論歷程。 本研究以過去社交性及網路學習社群之研究為基礎，應用其研究結果於學習社群角色探討，並定義網路學習社群角色類型行為特徵，再依據網路合作式學習應以異質性分組實施之理論基礎，提出基於學習社群角色行為特徵之異質性分組策略，探討不同分組機制下網路學習社群成員進行合作學習之討論歷程差異。本研究採取準實驗法，實驗過程分為隨機分組與立意分組兩階段，每一階段分別實施三週。由教師選定學科領域範圍，小組在限定範圍內發想題目進行討論與合作，並且在wiki共筆平台上完成各組之小組作業。在資料分析層面以數位學習平台討論區紀錄、兩階段團體效能與凝聚力問卷前後測資料進行序列分析量化地分析，並且輔以平台討論紀錄說明分析結果。 實驗結果顯示以社群角色類型行為特徵所發展之異質分組策略可以使小組在合作式學習討論歷程上有所影響，共計三點發現：一、相較於隨機分組策略本研究所提異質性立意分組策略能有效提升小組討論互動程度與討論行為歷程層次，異質性立意分組策略使小組合作歷程跳脫單純的資訊分享行為晉升到尋求解決方法以及歸納與分析之反覆修正的討論行為歷程。二、相較於隨機分組策略本研究所提異質性立意分組策略對於小組知識建構層次有一定程度的提昇之效，第二階段各組在協商意涵與共同建構知識行為上提昇2%，而在驗證與修正已存在的經驗與知識行為上提昇8%，顯示異質性分組策略下小組在驗證與修正已存在的經驗與知識之層次有明顯提昇。三、異質性立意分組策略對於團體效能提昇有所助益，隨著合作歷程的轉變也同時了提昇的小組完成任務之信念。 / As web-based learning, which evolves from self-leaning into cooperative learning, makes a concept of web-based group learning community. Most studies about community focus on commercial community or social community and analyze users’ motives and behaviors through online discussion contents to conclude many types of community role and their impacts on community interactions. In contrast, web-based learning community studies focus on relationships between users’ behaviors and their role behaviors features but researchers seldom take advantage of the relationships result to form a formation strategy and see how it affect the process of group discussion. The purpose of study is to organize and conclude relative community studies to identify students’ role behavior features and make a group formation strategy based on heterogeneous group learning theory. This study was conducted by quasi-experiment. The experiment had two phases: I. Group learning in random arrangement, and II. Group learning in group formation strategy. In each phase, the course teacher announced relative issues and asked each group to figure out a topic as well as write a general report of the topic on wiki platform for three weeks. After experiment, researcher collected questionnaires of group efficiency and group cohesion, discussion contents to analyze. After comparing two phases, the experiment result contained three results: 1. The heterogeneous group formation strategy raised most groups in phase II the solving-problem behavior level and made groups not only share information but also search lot of information to analyze their interested topic. 2. The heterogeneous group formation strategy affected knowledge construction process of group learning. Phase II raised 8% high level knowledge construction behavior-“testing and modification of proposed synthesis or co-construction”. 3. The heterogeneous group formation strategy raised the group efficiency to help group members have faith to fulfill their learning task. Besides, the result indicates that good learning process didn’t have direct impacts on the scores of their group task.