Although researchers studying adolescent aggression have proposed a conceptual distinction between physical and relational aggression, there is contradictory evidence regarding the degree to which they differ in their trajectories and relations to other outcomes. This study explored the importance of differentiating between these two forms of aggression based on comparisons of their trajectories, relation with each other, impact on delinquency and substance use, and gender differences. Data were collected as part of the Multisite Violence Prevention Project, conducted at 19 middle schools from four sites with a predominantly low-income, minority sample of students (N = 2,822). Growth curves showed significant linear increases and quadratic trends for physical and relational aggression. Boys and girls had similar shaped trajectories, but boys reported significantly higher levels of physical aggression than girls. Bivariate latent growth curve models and autoregressive models suggested that physical aggression was a stronger predictor of externalizing difficulties than relational aggression.

This thesis deals with counterproductive work behaviour, which manifestations among Czech employees are examined by internationally accepted questionnaire. Thesis tries to find out the answer to original hypothesis whether Czech employees have increased tendency to such behaviour. This behaviour is later dividend to four kinds: sabotage the results of own work, illegal enrichment, mobbing and displays of aggression at workplace. Thesis uses segmentation of extensive sample of respondents using age, sex, education, number of subordinates, number of job changes to provide more detailed insight of Czech employee and by doing so, it reveals high-risk segment of employees with tendency to counterproductive work behaviour.

Episodes of aggression and violence continue to beset our public spaces. This thesis explores how well we understand the transition to violence—and how aggression and violence in public spaces can be managed or controlled. We begin by arguing that established social psychological approaches to aggression and violence are inadequate for the task. Existing models explain violence through the failure of individuals to inhibit their own impulses or control their own emotions sufficiently. At best the models allow for the importance of dyadic interactions as individuals provoke each other as part of an escalation cycle. We argue that public space aggression and violence involves multiple parties and more complex sets of social dynamics. We suggest that, at the very least, the roles of third-parties and social categories need to be at the heart of theorising about violence in public spaces. To support our arguments, we examined violence directly through detailed behavioural microanalyses of real-life aggressive incidents captured on CCTV footage. We also built agent-based models (ABM) to explore different theoretical approaches to the impact of groups and third-parties on aggression and violence. The thesis contains seven studies. We begin with a CCTV behavioural microanalysis (Study 1) that showed collective group self-regulation of aggressive and violent behaviour in both within- and between-group conflicts. This study demonstrated an ‘intergroup hostility bias’, showing a greater likelihood of aggressive, escalatory acts towards outgroup members in intergroup conflicts than towards ingroup members in intragroup conflicts. Furthermore, this study demonstrated an ‘intragroup de-escalatory bias’, showing a greater likelihood of peace-making, de-escalatory behaviours towards ingroup members in intragroup conflicts than towards outgroup members in intergroup conflicts. Overall, we found that the majority of coded actions were acts of de-escalation performed by third-parties. With evidence stressing the importance of social dynamics, we compared dyadic models of aggression against an alternative social model (which allowed normative influence of others) in a dynamic agent-based modelling environment. We modelled the dynamics of metacontrast group formation (Studies 2 and 3), and found that group processes can produce both escalation of violence and inhibition of violence (Study 4). We found greater polarisation of violent positions in intergroup interactions than in intragroup interactions (Studies 5a and 5b). However, an emergent intergroup hostility bias did not emerge from this polarisation process. In Study 6, we re-examined the intergroup hostility bias present in our CCTV footage. We found an intergroup hostility bias for non-physical escalatory acts but not for physical escalatory acts. We examined the standardised number of actions contributed by third-parties and assessed the relationship between specific third-party conflict management strategies (policers and pacifiers) and conflict violence severity (Study 7). Overall, our results showed that third-parties and groups are integral features of the dynamics of violence. Third-parties largely attempt to de-escalate conflict, and the conflict management strategy they employ has a direct relationship to the violent outcome. Groups have a tendency to de-escalate their own members, and self-policing and collective inhibition take place. These findings have importance for current models of aggression and violence and also for evidence-based violence reduction initiatives.

Aggression in the context of marriage and family is a common and serious issue in therapy with couples and families. While it is known that aggression may be transferred across generations, the exact mechanism for how it is transmitted is not fully understood. This study presents adult attachment style as a moderator through which the relationship between family of origin aggression and marital aggression is developed. The present study examined Relationship Evaluation (RELATE) questionnaire data for 332 individuals. Anxious and avoidant attachment were examined as potential moderators between family of origin (FOO) physical aggression or parental hostile conflict style and marital physical and sexual aggression perpetration and victimization. Results indicate that for men, anxious attachment may be a moderator for FOO physical aggression or hostile conflict and marital sexual aggression perpetration, and that avoidant attachment may be a moderator for FOO hostile conflict and marital sexual aggression perpetration. For men, neither attachment style is a significant moderator in models analyzing FOO physical aggression or hostile conflict and marital outcomes including physical aggression perpetration or victimization, sexual aggression victimization, or hostile conflict. For women, anxious attachment may be a moderator for FOO physical aggression and marital physical aggression perpetration. No other models investigating marital physical aggression perpetration as a dependent variable were significant. For women, neither attachment style is a significant moderator in models analyzing FOO physical aggression or hostile conflict and marital outcomes including physical aggression victimization, sexual aggression victimization, sexual aggression perpetration, or hostile conflict. Future research should investigate adult attachment as a moderator of intergenerational transmission of aggression using larger and more heterogeneous samples with more precise measures of aggression to analyze more specific groups of insecure adults in the context of their partner's attachment style. Limitations and clinical implications of these results for therapists working with couples are discussed.

Moral och moralutveckling är ett komplext område som kan vara viktigt att belysa i socialt arbete, då det visat sig att ungdomar med ett normbrytande beteende ofta har en lägre moralnivå än andra ungdomar. Det kan därför hävdas att det finns ett behov av moralfrämjande insatser inom ramen för behandling. Studiens syfte är att undersöka moralutveckling och ställa detta mot behandlingsprogrammet Aggression Replacement Training för att se hur de moralbildande komponenterna är tänkta att främja normbrytande ungdomars moralutveckling. Ett vidare syfte är att undersöka hur moralteorier och ART kan förstås ur ett genusperspektiv. I Studien används scoping samt en riktad innehållsanalys för att tematisera manual, forskning och litteratur. Resultatet visar att ART:s syfte med moralträning är att ungdomar ska ledas framåt i sin moralutveckling och nå en medvetenhet kring ömsesidigt beroende mellan individ och samhälle. Behandlingsutfallet påverkas av en kombination av olika faktorer, inom och utanför behandlingsprogrammets ramar. Det är oklart huruvida det finns ett behov av att anpassa behandling utefter kön, dock kan det hävdas att det utifrån ett genusperspektiv krävs individanpassning. Diskussionen belyser att det kan finnas ett behov av att göra en distinktion mellan moraliskt resonerande och moraliskt handlande, samt så diskuteras genusperspektivets betydelse i relation till könsroller och socialisering. / Morality and moral development are complex topics that may be important to social work, as it has been found that adolescents with antisocial behavior often has a lower moral level than other juveniles. It can therefore be argued that there is a need for moral interventions when different interventions are organized. The purpose of this study is to explore moral development in relation to the treatment program Aggression Replacement Training, how the components in moral skill training are meant to promote moral development in juvenile delinquents. A further aim is to examine how moral theories and ART can be understood from a gender perspective. Methods used in this study are scoping and directed content analysis. The results show that ART:s aim with moral training is to lead juveniles forward in their moral development. A combination of factors, both within and outside the treatment program affects the treatment outcome. Whether there is a need to adjust treatment to sex is unclear, thus it can be argued that there from a gender perspective may exist a need for more personalized treatment. The discussion illuminates a need to make a distinction between moral reasoning and moral action in treatment. Furthermore the discussion considers gender perspective in relation to gender role and socialization.

The purpose of this study was to examine group perpetrated antigay violence. Specifically, the effects of MGRS, peer dynamics, and increases in negative affect on antigay aggression were examined. The differential utility of aggression toward gay and heterosexual targets in relieving a state of negative affect (e.g., anger, fear) was also evaluated. Participants completed questionnaires that included a measure of MGRS, and then were assigned to one of three group conditions(individual, stranger, and friend). Participants then viewed a video depicting male-male intimacy and competed in the TAP against either a fictitious gay or heterosexual opponent. Results showed a main effect for condition, such that higher levels of aggression were observed in the group, relative to the individual, conditions. Analyses also revealed a significant positive relation between MGRS and aggression among participants competing with a stranger against a heterosexual opponent. Neither condition nor opponent differentially predicted changes in negative affect.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the agonistic behaviors and reconciliation in captive and free-ranging Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis). The dominance style of Formosan macaques was compared with long-tailed, rhesus and Japanese macaques. I have used scan, focal sampling and ad libitum on aggressions of adult macaques. I have recorded post-conflict (PC) focal samplings on victims and compared those with matched control (MC) focal samplings. Agonistic behaviors had significantly higher frequency in captive than in free-ranging Formosan macaques. The frequencies of hostile and submission were significantly higher in captive than in free-ranging Formosan macaques. The captive adult females of higher rank had higher frequency of threat and hostile, and lower frequency of submission. Threat was the most frequent aggression (52-72%) expressed by both the captive and free-ranging adult monkeys. The victims in captive and free-ranging Formosan macaques usually submitted immediately after aggression (82-89%). The proportion of counter aggression in captive and free-ranging Formosan macaques were relative low (9-16%). The aqerage conciliatory tendency for adult Formosan macaques was 14.3% to 19.6%. The affiliative contacts in PC and MC in captive and free-ranging Formosan macaques were striking that both preferred grooming. The Formosan macaques significantly reconciled more during PC than MC period both in captive and free-ranging conditions. In addition, both had significantly more attracted than dispersed PC-MC pairs. The conciliatory tendencies in captive and free-ranging Formosan macaques were similar regardless of kin and non-kin partners. This study indicated that Formosan macaques were close to the macaques of Fascicularis group. Therefore, Formosan macaques had a despotic dominance style as suggested by Phylogenetic hypotheses.

Aktualumas. Paauglių agresyvaus elgesio tyrinėjimo aktualumą lemia dabartinė Lietuvos situacija. Socialiniai gyvenimo pokyčiai paskatino paauglių agresijos protrūkį, mokyklose padaugėjo paauglių agresyvaus elgesio atvejų. Laikui bėgant šis agresyvus elgesys gali peraugti į nusikalstamą veiklą. Darbo tikslas: ištirti sportuojančių paauglių agresijos ypatumus. Darbo uždaviniai: ? Įvertinti sportuojančių paauglių agresijos lygį lyties ir amžiaus aspektu. ? Nustatyti sportuojančių paauglių požiūrį į agresiją lyties ir amžiaus aspektu. Darbo objektas: sportuojančių paauglių agresijos ypatumai ir agresyvaus elgesio priežastys. Tyrimo problema: ar sportuojantys paaugliai agresyvūs? Hipotezė: Sportuojantys berniukai agresyvesni nei sportuojančios mergaitės. Svarbiausi rezultatai ir pagrindinės išvados: Buvo naudojamos tokios metodikos: A. Asingerio klausimynas, nustatyti sportuojančių paauglių požiūriui. Taip pat B. Braklino ir E. Vagnerio asmens tyrinėjimų projekcinė metodika „Rankos“ testas. 1 Atlikus B. Braklino, Piodrovskio ir E. Vagnerio 1961m. „Rankos“ testą, remiantis asmens tyrinėjimų projekcine metodika, nustatėme, kad agresyvumo lygis turi tendenciją didėti kečiantis amžiui. Sportuojantys berniukai yra agresyvesni, nei mergaitės (p<0,05). 2 Atlikus A. Asingerio anketinę apklausą ir apdorojus gautus rezultatus, nustatėme, kad tarp sportuojančių berniukų yra daugiau agresyviai nusiteikusių, negu tarp mergaičių (p<0,05). Tarp 13 -14m. ir 15 – 17m. sportuojančių paauglių pagal... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Topicality. Teenagers‘ aggressive behavior is connected with the present situation in Lithuania. Social problems play a very important role in the growth of teenagers‘ aggression, more and more cases of aggressive behavior appear at schools. In the time run such aggressive behavior may turn into criminal actions. Purpose of the work: to make research on features of aggression of teenagers‘ in sports The tasks of the work: • To evaluate the level of aggression among teenagers in sports taking into consideration their sex and age. • To determine teenagers‘ in sports view on aggression taking into consideration their sex and age. The object of the work: features of aggression of teenagers‘ in sports and reasons of their aggressive behavior. The problem of the research: are teenagers in sports aggressive? Hypothesis: boys sportsmen are more aggressive than girls. The main results and outcomes: Methods used: A. Asinger‘s questionnaire to determine teenagers’ in sport view on aggression. Also B. Braclin‘s and E. Wagner‘s projection methods on personality research named „Hand“ test. 1. Having made „Hand“ test by B. Braclin and E. Wagner it turned out that the level of aggression has tendency to grow with the growing age. Boys sportsmen are more aggressive than girls (p<0,05). 2. Having made A. Asinger’s questionnaire and having analyzed the results of it, it turned out that there are more boys tending to aggression in sports than girls (p<0,05). The reliable differences of view... [to full text]

Aktualumas. Susidomėjimą agresijos tyrimais galima paaiškinti kaip reakciją į agresijos, smurto ir prievartos didėjimą šiuolaikiniame, civilizuotame pasaulyje. Nors agresijos rūšys, įvairios agresyvumo apraiškos gana plačiai aprašomos literatūroje, tačiau duomenų apie paauglių – studentų agresyvumą dar stokojama. Hipotezė: sportuojančių studentų požiūris į agresiją yra palankesnis nei nesportuojančių studentų. Tyrimo objektas – sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių studentų požiūris į agresiją ir raiškos formos. Tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių studentų požiūrį į agresiją ir agresijos raiškos formas. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Atskleisti sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių studentų požiūrį į agresiją. 2. Ištirti sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių studentų agresijos raiškos formas: fizinę, netiesioginę ir verbalinę. Ištyrus sportuojančius ir nesportuojančius studentus A. Asingerio metodika, matome, kad 82 procentų sportuojančių ir 72 procentų nesportuojančių studentų požiūris į agresiją yra neutralus (p>0,05). Ištyrus sportuojančius ir nesportuojančius studentus A. Basso ir A. Darki metodika paaiškėjo, kad sportuojančių studentų agresyvumas yra vidutinis, o nesportuojančių studentų agresyvumas yra žemas (p<0,05). Sportuojančių studentų didesnė yra fizinė, netiesioginė ir verbalinė agresijos, susierzinimas ir kaltės jausmas. Skirtumas tarp sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių studentų, pagal fizinę ir verbalinę agresijas, susierzinimą yra patikimas (p<0,05)... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Topicality. The interest in the research of aggression may be explained as a reaction to the increment of aggression, violence, and compulsion in a contemporary civilized world. Types of aggression and various manifestations of aggressiveness are widely portrayed in literature, however, the data on the adolescents - students’ aggressiveness is still insufficient. Hypothesis: the attitude towards the aggression is more favorable among the students who are going in for sports, than of those who are not. Object of research: students’ going in for sports and not going in for sports attitude towards aggression and forms of its expression. Aim of research: to reveal students’ going in for sports and not going in for sports attitude towards aggression and forms of its expression. Goals of research: 1. to reveal students’ going in for sports and not going in for sports attitude towards aggression. 2. To examine how students going in for sports and not going in for sports express aggressiveness. After examining the students going in for sports and not going in for sports according to A. Asinger methodology we can see that the majority of students from both groups have a neutral attitude towards the aggression (p> 0.05). After examining the students who go in for sports and do not go in for sports according to A. Basso and A. Darki methodology it turned out that the aggressiveness of going in for sports students is medium, and of those not going in for sports the aggressiveness is... [to full text]