No description available.

Grâce à une étude exhaustive de la notion de vie dans l'œuvre d'Arthur Schopenhauer, la thèse répond à la question de la vie et du vivre-encore. Il s'agit de montrer comment la métaphysique schopenhauerienne de la volonté explique et justifie le phénomène de la vie ainsi que celui de la persistance dans le vivre. D'emblée, la thèse propose d'établir la définition ultime et métaphysique de la vie. C'est alors que le phénomène de la vie se trouve défini de part en part comme volonté de vivre et alors, comme un phénomène qui cherche à vivre et à vivre encore. La thèse explique aussi comment les différentes approches de la vie proposées par Schopenhauer permettent de définir cette notion selon une perspective biologique, philosophique, existentielle et métaphorique, mais toujours relativement à la définition métaphysique de la vie. Une étude du sentiment de vie révèle l'épreuve de la vie comme volonté de vivre, c'est-à-dire d'une vie qui se veut toujours elle-même. C'est alors que la vie s'impose en soi comme une nécessité de vivre, mais aussi comme une nécessité de souffrir parce que vivre c'est aussi toujours souffrir. La négation de la volonté comme solution à la douleur de vivre se trouve alors critiquée et remise en cause par un examen des tensions entre le besoin d'affirmation de la volonté dans le phénomène de la vie et l'intention de négation de la volonté chez le sujet qui cherche son salut. Il apparait donc clairement qu'en ayant placé au cœur du sujet une volonté de vivre aveugle et puissante Schopenhauer a fait de la vie un phénomène quasi incorruptible : l'affirmation de la volonté s'impose comme un impératif et ainsi s'impose la vie comme nécessité de vivre. / The thesis answers the question of life and further living by means of an exhaustive study of the concept of life in Arthur Schopenhauer's work. The principal concern is to demonstrate how Schopenhauer's metaphysics explains and justifies the phenomenon of life as well as the phenomenon of the persistence into the living. From the beginning the thesis establishes the ultimate and the metaphysical definition of life. Therefore the phenomenon of life is defined throughout as Will-to-live and then, as a phenomenon that seeks for life and further living. The thesis also shows how Schopenhauer's different approaches to the concept of life allow one to define life from a biological, philosophical, existential and a metaphorical perspective, but which is always related to the metaphysical definition of life. A study of the feeling of life reveals that what is always felt is the Will-to-live i.e. a life that always wants itself. Then life imposes itself into itself as a necessity to live, but also as a necessity to suffer because living always entails suffering. The negation of the will as a solution for existential pain and suffering is therefore criticized and reconsidered by an examination of all the existing tensions between the need of the phenomenon of life to affirm the will and the intention to negate the will in the subject looking for salvation. Subsequently it appears evident that by putting a blind and powerful Will-to-live into the heart of the subject Schopenhauer has rendered life into an almost incorruptible phenomenon: the affirmation of the will imposes itself as an imperative and so life imposes itself as a necessity to live.

No description available.

Le but premier de notre travail est de restituer la complexité des relations qui existent entre Franz Rosenzweig, son œuvre "l'Étoile de la Rédemption", et son lectorat. L'"Étoile de la Rédemption" est connue pour être un livre difficile, dont le langage est aussi conceptuel que littéraire. Mais la véritable difficulté de la pensée de Rosenzweig dans l'"Étoile" est d'arriver à garder liées une dimension dialogale qui participe d'une existence vivante à travers la correspondance que Rosenzweig a écrite à destination de ses amis et la dimension textuelle qui tend à se constituer comme un monde en tant que tel – un livre est toujours quelque chose qui se suffit à lui-même. Pouvons-nous être satisfaits par l'idée que l'"Étoile" est seulement une transition entre deux états : entre un point de vue philosophique - où ne se trouve nul espoir – et un point de vue révélé – où existe uniquement l'espoir ? L'"Étoile" est plus qu'une simple transition. Rosenzweig parle aussi d'un seuil et d'un porche. Avec ces deux termes, une tension se trouve au sein de l'"Étoile" entre une vie révélée qui se dévoile à l'intérieur même de celle-ci et une vie révélée qui ne peut commencer qu'au-delà de celle-ci. Auteur, œuvre et lecteurs auront un rôle important à jouer important pour élucider ce problème. / The entire point of our work is to give back the complexity of the relations between Franz Rosenzweig, his work, The "Star of Redemption", and his readership. The "Star of Redemption" is known as a difficult book, whose language is as many conceptual as literary. But the very difficulty of the Rosenzweig's thought in The "Star" is to keep in bound the dialogical dimension,which is participating to a lively existence through the letters he wrote to his friends -, and the textual dimension, which tend to be a world in itself - a book is something that is self-sufficient. Can we be satisfied by the idea that The Star is only a transition between two states: between a philosophical point of view – where is no hope – and a revealed one – where is hope and orientation? The Star is more as simply a transition. Rosenzweig speaks also of a Threshold and a Gate. With these two terms a tension inhabits The "Star" between a revealed life which begins inside the book and a revealed life which begins outside the book. Author, work and readership will have a significant role to play in this problem.

Σκοπός της εργασίας είναι η διερεύνηση των γλωσσικών χαρακτηριστικών στα κειμενικά είδη που εμφανίζονται στα σχολικά εγχειρίδια της Ιστορίας και της Βιολογίας του γυμνασίου, με βάση το θεωρητικό πλαίσιο και τη μεθοδολογία της Συστημικής Λειτουργικής Γλωσσολογίας (ΣΛΓ). Συγκεκριμένα, αναλύονται οι λεξικoγραμματικοί πόροι και τα σημασιολογικά χαρακτηριστικά σε είκοσι τέσσερα συνολικά κείμενα από τα σχολικά εγχειρίδια. Η έρευνα εστιάζει στις διαδικασίες και τους μετέχοντες (σύστημα μεταβιβαστικότητας), στη λεξική πυκνότητα, στην τροπικότητα, στη γραμματική μεταφορά (ιδίως στην ονοματοποίηση), στην χρονικότητα και την αιτιότητα και στις συνδετικές σχέσεις. Οι διαφοροποιήσεις του λόγου των ανθρωπιστικών και φυσικών επιστημών, η αφαίρεση και η τεχνικότητα, και τα σύνδρομα χαρακτηριστικών που χαρακτηρίζουν τα κειμενικά είδη, εξετάζονται σε συσχέτιση και με τα ευρήματα συναφών ερευνών που έχουν γίνει τόσο στην Ελλάδα όσο και διεθνώς (κυρίως στην Αυστραλία). Όπως προκύπτει από την ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων, τα χαρακτηριστικά αυξάνονται από τη μία τάξη στην άλλη και εντοπίζονται διαφορές στα δύο αντικείμενα. Η ανασυγκρότηση της γνώσης απαιτεί από τα παιδιά του γυμνασίου εξοικείωση με τις γραμματικές μορφές της γραπτής γλώσσας και του τρόπου που αναπτύσσονται στα κειμενικά είδη στα διάφορα μαθήματα. Επιπλέον, προτείνεται η συστηματικότερη ανάλυση και προσαρμογή των εργαλείων της ΣΛΓ στην ελληνική γλώσσα, δεδομένου ότι έχει εφαρμοστεί κατά κύριο λόγο στην αγγλική, και, τέλος, γίνονται κάποιες προεκτάσεις στην εκπαίδευση και τον γραμματισμό με γνώμονα μια ισονομιστική και χειραφετητική γνώση. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the language of genres in History and Biology school textbooks in early secondary school (gymnasio), within the frame of systemic functional linguistics (SFL). More specifically, our aim is to analyze the lexicogrammar and semantics of twenty four texts from school textbooks. The study focuses on processes and participants (system of transitivity), lexical density, modality, grammatical metaphor (especially nominalization), temporality, causality and conjunctive relations. Differences in discourse of humanities and natural sciences, technicality and abstraction, and the co-occurrence (syndromes) of characteristics in different genres are considered in relation with the findings of relevant Greek and international researches. According to data analysis, there is an increasing tension from lower to higher grade and some differences between the two subject areas. The reconstruction of knowledge demands from early secondary pupils familiarization with grammatical forms of written language and with the way that they are deployed in school genres. Furthermore, it is suggested more specific analysis and adaptation of SFL tools in Greek language, given that they have implemented basically in English, and, finally, our remarks are extended to education and literacy under the rule of equal opportunities and emancipative knowledge.

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2014-11-10T11:38:41Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:38:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2014-11-10T11:38:41Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:38:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A análise por ativação com nêutrons é um método utilizado na determinação de diversos elementos em diferentes tipos de matrizes. Entretanto, quando a amostra contém altos teores de U ocorre o problema de interferência devido aos produtos de fissão do isótopo 235U. Um dos métodos de tratar este problema é fazer a correção usando fatores de interferência devido à fissão do U para os radionuclídeos utilizados nas análises dos elementos. No presente estudo foram determinados os valores dos fatores de interferência devido à fissão do U para os radioisótopos 141Ce, 143Ce,140La, 99Mo, 147Nd, 153Sm e 95Zr no reator nuclear de pesquisas IEA-R1 do IPEN-CNEN/SP. Esses fatores de interferência foram determinados experimentalmente, por meio da irradiação dos padrões sintéticos em uma determinada posição do reator, e teoricamente, determinando a razão dos fluxos de nêutrons epitérmicos e térmicos na mesma posição onde os padrões sintéticos foram irradiados e utilizando parâmetros nucleares da literatura. Os fatores de interferência obtidos foram comparados com os valores reportados em outros estudos. Para avaliar esses fatores de interferência, eles foram aplicados em análises dos elementos alvo deste estudo, nos materiais de referência certificados NIST 8704 Buffalo River Sediment, IRMM BCR-667 Estuarine Sediment e IAEA-SL-1 Lake Sediment. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

The music of Béla Bartók is defined in part by its unique blend of rhythmic vitality and inventiveness, and his string quartets offer a glimpse into a consistency of technique evident throughout his compositional career. Bartók's rhythmic environments are primarily metrical, but many of his rhythmic configurations are placed in such a way as to potentially override established meter. It is necessary, therefore, to institute an analytical means by which the delineation and comparison of rhythmic structures both within and without the metrical context may be accomplished. An analytical method using Timepoint Accent Structures (TAS) allows for the comparison of rhythms resulting from patterns of accent produced by pitch onset, dynamic stress, articulation or any other accentual factors. Timepoint Grouping Structures (TGS) delineate the number of timepoints present in alternating groups/blocks in a texture, thereby allowing for the recognition of patterning created by these larger groups. By applying TAS and TGS analysis, relationships of rhythmic equivalency, rotation, retrograde, complementation, augmentation, diminution, subset, superset, exchange, compression and expansion are clearly confirmed in the string quartets. In addition, symmetrical structures and arithmetic progressions are discovered. In many ways, Bartók's rhythmic organization mimics his procedures of pitch structuring.