Chacun de leur côté, les phénomènes de la guerre et des tournois au Moyen Âge ont déjà bénéficié d’études nombreuses et approfondies. En revanche, on a négligé d’analyser en profondeur le lien entre ces deux mondes, accusé pourtant de s’étioler au XVe siècle au profit de spectacles grandioses n’ayant plus rien à voir avec la réalité d’un champ de bataille. Par ailleurs, dans le domaine militaire, les gentilshommes imprégnés d’un idéal chevaleresque obsolète se débattraient pour essayer de faire encore croire au maintien de leur suprématie guerrière.La réalité est bien plus complexe et les interactions entre le domaine de la guerre et celui des lices sont multiples. Ce sont d’abord les mêmes personnes qu’on peut retrouver à combattre dans tous les contextes, des hommes censés être nobles, adoubés ou non, qui possèdent un équipement caractéristique, armes et armures, ainsi qu’un cheval entraîné au combat. Les adaptations de leur matériel aux rencontres normées, prévues pour augmenter leur sécurité, ne changent fondamentalement rien à leur façon de combattre. Leurs techniques martiales se révèlent riches et variées, tout comme leurs tactiques collectives, qui savent s’adapter aux différentes configurations rencontrées à la guerre grâce à une surprenante polyvalence. Enfin, la mentalité avec laquelle les hommes d’armes abordent les rencontres armées montrent d’importantes similitudes dans tous les contextes : on attend d’eux qu’ils donnent le meilleur d’eux-mêmes, en démontrant leur prouesse, sans renoncer face à l’adversité. Ainsi, à tous les niveaux, la frontière entre les lices et le champ de bataille s’avère finalement assez floue. / The phenomena of war and tournaments in the Middle Ages have already benefitted from several individual in-depth studies. However, a detailed analysis of the link between the two themes has always been lacking, even though we often accusingly claim that this link declined during the 15th century to be replaced by spectacular shows which had nothing to do with the reality of battlefields anymore. Moreover, some people would argue that, in the military field, noblemen – immersed in an obsolete chivalrous model – would have desperately tried to maintain a semblance of belligerent dominion.But the truth is far more complex and the interactions between the world of war and the world of lists are numerous. First, the same persons could be found in each context: men supposed to be noble – knighted or not – with characteristic pieces of equipment – arms and armours – and horses trained for combat. Adjusting their equipment for formal combats to improve their safety did not fundamentally change the way they fought. Their martial techniques were, in fact, rich and diverse – and so was their group tactic, which could adapt to different configurations encountered at war thanks to their surprising versatility. Lastly, the ways of men-at-arms in martial encounters reveals important similarities in every context: we expected them to give their best and achieve feats with no sign of renouncement while facing the enemy. Thus, the boundary between lists and battlefields actually turns out to be quite vague at every level.

The goal of this thesis was to analyse the development of abbey in Waldsassen since the end of 14th century to the finish of George's of Podiebrad reign. Author struggled to describe on the basis of analysis of above all unpublished monastic sources, which are deposited in State archive in Amberg, various aspects of life in Waldsassen convent. Apart from the economic base and its changes, which are well covered by amount of sources, also social a political relations to secular power in the Holy Roman Empire - roman rulers and princes are studied. Then the basis deals with contacts of monastery with the Crown of Bohemia and its aristocracy and also with the position of Waldsassen in the Order and its cooperation with other Cistercian monasteries. Matters dealt with the papal throne are not forgetten, too. Detailed analysis was dedicated to parish network and the land register of Waldsassen, which presents the valuable source for former economic relationships and toponyms of "Stiftland" and Upper Palatine. The fourth chapter is also comprehensive, describing Waldsassen during the Hussite wars and eliminates some myths about this period in the region. Closing parts of this thesis are dedicated to the renewal of abbey domain and to the effort, which was invested mutually to maintain good relations...

Principale ville de basse Normandie, Caen a connu à la Renaissance une intense activité sur le plan architectural. Pourtant, après avoir bénéficié au XIXe siècle du travail d’importantes sociétés savantes, elle est restée en marge du mouvement qui a vu, dans ces dernières années, un intérêt renouvelé pour les études urbaines : de grands monuments attendent encore leur première étude, souvent compliquée, il est vrai, par les destructions considérables causées par les bombardements de 1944. Portant aussi bien sur l’architecture religieuse, civile que militaire, cette thèse propose une étude de la création architecturale à Caen entre la fin du XVe siècle et le début du XVIIe, organisée autour de trois axes de réflexion. Le recensement des chantiers, attestés par les sources, l’analyse archéologique ou les travaux d’érudits, permet de mettre en évidence les phases de construction et celles de moindre activité, et donc de préciser l’histoire de la ville et son influence sur les constructions. Pour appréhender les conditions matérielles de la création architecturale, sont ensuite étudiés les rôles et statuts des maîtres d’ouvrage, maîtres d’œuvre et ouvriers, ainsi que la provenance, les usages et les conditions de mise en œuvre des matériaux. L’analyse des œuvres est enfin développée sur deux plans, typologique et stylistique, et, tout en soulignant leur caractère original, replace les réalisations caennaises au sein des réseaux d’échange entre les provinces, les villes et leurs environs. Cette synthèse est complétée par un catalogue présentant, sous la forme de notices et de fiches moins développées, les édifices construits à Caen entre le règne de Charles VIII et le début de celui de Louis XIII. / The main town of Lower Normandy, Caen, developed an intense architectural activity during the Renaissance period. However, after having benefited from the work of important learned societies in the 19th century, the city has remained on the sidelines of the renewed interest in urban studies of recent years. Some great monuments have not yet been considered, their study being, admittedly, often complicated by the extensive destructions caused by 1944 bombing. Examining religious, civil and military architecture, this thesis proposes a study of the architectural creation in Caen from the late 15th century to the early 17th century and discusses three key factors. The inventory of the works known through the archival records, the archaeological analysis or the scholarly publications highlights phases of high or low activity, and therefore makes clear the history of the town and its influence on constructions. To understand the material conditions of architectural creation, the role and status of owners, architects and workers, together with the origin, custom and conditions of implementation of the materials must be considered. The analysis of the buildings is separated into two parts: it focuses on the typological and stylistic aspects of the works. In this way, it highlights their original character and assesses their implication in exchange networks between the provinces, towns and neighborhoods. This synthesis is completed by a collection of files and of smaller records dedicated to the buildings erected in Caen from the reign of Charles VIII to the beginning of the reign of Louis XIII.

De l'institution du priorat à la chute définitive de la république en 1530, l'organisation de la vie dans la cité florentine a évolué tant dans ses structures effectives que dans ses représentations, laissant une place plus ou moins importante aux différents groupes sociaux, aux familles et individus qui la composent. au cours de cette période, le genre des livres de famille florentins s'est développé, a fleuri et s'est fané : œuvre dans son immense majorité de marchands, d'artisans qui appartiennent au popolo florentin, partie de la population appelée à participer au gouvernement de la cité, ces livres ont pour fonction de transmettre dans le cadre familial et de génération en génération ce que l'on considère important pour le devenir de la famille. quel lien y a-t-il entre ce genre et la vie de la république florentine, entre affaires de familles et affaires de la cité ? quelle est la place du politique dans cette logique de transmission ? quels aspects de la vie de la cité y sont représentés, comment sont-ils traités ? avec quels mots cette culture politique est-elle exprimée, dans quelle mesure est-elle redevable ou distincte de la tradition politique publique antérieure et contemporaine ? mêlant les approches historique, littéraire, linguistique, il s'agira ainsi de rendre compte de la question de la transmission du politique dans le genre des livres de famille en l'inscrivant dans le cadre global de l'évolution de la cité. / Based on a corpus which consists of 150 family books written between 1260 and 1480, this study intends to define the representations that Florence citizens had of their republic, of its running and of their role within it.The first part aims at identifying which room is given to historical and political passages in these books, and the functions of these excerpts in the overall writing strategy. The point is to study how the building of family identity was connected to the life of the city.The second part contains a stylistic and semantic analysis of the narrative parts that are dedicated to the major events of the 14th and 15th centuries. It offers a series of snapshots that define several specific configurations of the city’s political body and of how families refer to it. This textual analysis also provides us an image of the Florentine intellectual framework and a list of the key-concepts that characterized the political thought of the authors – which goes far beyond a mere interest in chronicles. The third part focuses on the use of those keywords in a diachronic perspective, in order to identify the evolutions, the involutions and the breaking points of this thought over the generations, and questions the link between citizens’ active political participation and their private writing on city affairs. The appendix presents transcriptions of the excerpts on the life of the city contained in the unpublished family books of the Florentine families, as well as biographical notes on their often unknown authors.

This thesis examines the importance of the royal court and household in Scotland during the reign of James I (1424-37). The medieval royal court and household has received little concentrated attention in recent Scottish studies. However, a significant body of published research exists elsewhere in Britain and Europe which shows the importance of this arena for other kingdoms at this time. These studies have emphasised how the court and household was an important centre for politics and culture in the medieval period, indicating how a similar study of the Scottish evidence is essential for a fuller understanding of James I’s reign. Through a variety of sources, the composition of James’s household and court affinity has been examined. It is evident from this that James lacked an appropriate body of companions and high-status administrative officers for a medieval ruler and this was to have significant consequences for his reign. Additionally, by looking at some of the cultural aspects of the royal court, in particular the architecture, literature and religion, a clearer picture of the socio-political dynamics and tensions of James I’s reign emerges. In contrast to the generally held view of James as a politically successful, strong and active monarch for much of his reign, this study instead indicates a king who failed to establish an attractive and useful court and household that could be exploited for royal political gain. With his failure to establish a suitable court and household, James was a king incomplete and it is the contention that this contributed significantly to the king’s assassination.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

This interdisciplinary research project combines the fields of nautical archaeology and computer visualization in order to create an interactive virtual reconstruction of a Portuguese nau. Information about the shipbuilding process is gathered from 16th and 17th century treaties by Fernando Oliveira and Joao Batista Lavanha, as well as from Dr. Filipe Castro (Texas A&M Department of Anthropology). Eight registered tonnage formulas from the 15th to 17th century are used to estimate the cargo capacity of the nau. Using this information, I develop an algorithm that creates a parametric computer model of a nau hull and calculates its registered tonnage. This parametric model allows the user to choose between the Oliveira and Lavanha hull shapes, adjust parameters to fine tune the hull shape further, and save the information about the hull shape for future editing. The eight registered tonnage estimates are compared to the volume of the parametric hull model below a generic waterline. The process I use to adapt the information provided by the two shipbuilding treatises into an algorithm determines the hull shape of a nau. This allows for projects in the future to introduce other shipbuilding approaches and information as it becomes available to this parametric model.

Cette thèse porte sur les transformations de l’économie et de la société romaines au cours d’un long XVe siècle (1398-1527). La croissance économique de Rome est provoquée et entretenue par le retour de la papauté après la parenthèse du Schisme. À partir du milieu du XVe siècle, les rythmes de l’économie romaine s’accélèrent : l’afflux de capitaux provenant des marchands-banquiers toscans, mais aussi réinvestis de l’économie rurale dans l’économie urbaine, créent de nouvelles conditions de production et de nouveaux modes de consommation. La réactivation du statut de capitale s’accompagne d’une demande croissante, en particulier en produits de luxe. L’enjeu de cette recherche est de comprendre et d’analyser comment la société romaine, les familles et les individus qui la composent, se sont adaptés à cette nouvelle conjoncture, parfois encore incertaine. Plus largement, il s’agit d’étudier l’adaptation des comportements et des pratiques socio-économiques à la croissance démographique et économique. Les thématiques abordées couvrent un spectre très large, depuis l’économie rurale du casale jusqu’au marché immobilier, du cadre macro-économique à travers l’approvisionnement urbain et les importations jusqu’à la micro-histoire des artisans, bouchers, poissonniers. L’un des axes de la thèse porte sur les phénomènes de mobilité sociale qui affectent aussi bien les milieux populaires que la noblesse citadine. Enfin, cette thèse replace Rome dans un contexte plus large, celui des villes d’Italie, soulignant ses spécificités ou sa conformité avec les modèles d’Italie septentrionale ou méridionale. / This PhD aims at improving our understanding of the deep transformations that affect both Roman economy and society during the 15th century (1398-1527). The economic revival displayed by the Quattrocento’s Rome turns out to be sustained and increased by the return of the papal Court in Rome by the end of the 14th century. From the second half of the 15th century indeed, Roman economy’s pace changes, financial resources are flooding from the country to the city also as from Tuscan merchant-bankers, creating new conditions of production and new patterns of consumption. The renewed status of capital city leads to an ever-increasing demand, especially in luxury products. What’s at stake is to analyse and enlighten how the Roman society managed to adapt itself and to respond to a changing situation and to an impressive demographic and economic growth. The six chapters of this book cover a wide scale, from the rural economy of the casale up to the real estate market ; from the macroeconomic frame through the question of urban supply and imports up to the microstoria of craftsmen, butchers, fishmongers. This PhD also deals with the process of social mobility which concern the urban nobility as well as the craftsmen. Finally, this research replaces Rome in the wider context of the Italian urban world, by trying to underline its specificities or its conformity to the models of northern and southern Italy.

The thesis deals with the significant western Bohemian noble family of the younger Rabštejns in the turbulent "Hussite Century", known also as the short 15th century (1400-1485). The primary focus of the research is the examination of the lives and careers of individual members of the family, the most prominent of which are the Chancellor Prokop († probably 1470) and the humanist Jan (1437-1473), author of the famous Dialogus. Their critically written biographies, appropriately set in the context of the political, religious and cultural history of the given period, review the factual errors of present research and answer the question of how specific nobles of the Rabštejn family managed the dramatic events of the "Hussite Century". The explication elaborated based on a classic genealogical and biographical approach is supplemented by sections on the social and economic rise of the younger Rabštejns in the 15th century, using knowledge from a modern, dynamically developing study of social mobility, royal court issues and noble representation. This, along with extensive source and literary heuristics on which the thesis is based, enables us to look at the history of the studied noble family with multiple lenses and place it in a wider context. The sources used are critically examined, and their selection...

This thesis encompasses an edition of the text Exhortatio ad canonicos regulares de vitio proprietatis, contained in manuscript III D 16 from the National library of the Czech Republic in Prague, which was formerly in possession of the monastery library of regular canons in Roudnice nad Labem. The edition is based on eight manuscripts, and a second edition of a parallel text has been created from another two manuscripts. The thesis includes a description of the manuscripts, a textual analysis examining the text's origin and its connection with other tracts about property of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, particularly the works by Henry of Langenstein, as well as a translation of the tract into Czech.