O objeto desse trabalho é a atuação dos agentes mercantis, ligados ao comércio de remédios, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro no final do século XVIII e início do XIX. Figuras centrais no abastecimento de medicamentos para Minas Gerais tiveram um papel de intermediários no que diz respeito as práticas médicas. A pesquisa desses homens revelou o universo dos remédios consumidos e a utilização e aplicação dos mesmos até as mudanças estruturadas com a chegada da Família Real / The main object of this study are the market agents and them activities, related to trade remedies, in Rio de Janeiro at the end of the eighteenth century and beginning of the nineteenth century, those traders are central figures in the supply of medicines for Minas Gerais had a role as intermediary with regard to medical practices; The research of these men revealed the universe of drugs and its applications until the structural changes with the arrival of the Royal Family.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the relationship of Andrew Johnson to the South and the effect of that relationship on presidential reconstruction. It is not meant to be a complete retelling of the story of reconstruction, rather it is an attempt to determine how Johnson affected southern ideas of reconstruction and, equally important, how southerners influenced Johnson.

Esta tese propõe-se a investigar os usos do livro na América Portuguesa, fazendo referências também a Portugal. Embora concentre-se nos anos compreendidos entre 1750 e 1822, para compreender as especificidades deste mesmo período, recua quando necessário ao século XVI. Primeiramente, apresenta um quadro das referências culturais e dos alvos de ataque da censura portuguesa e dos leitores no período do Reformismo Ilustrado: de um lado, as teorias corporativas de poder da Segunda Escolástica, os milenarismos e o anti-cientificismo e, de outro, a Ilustração e, ainda, as linhas gerais do Reformismo Ilustrado português, de Pombal ao Príncipe Regente D. João VI. Em segundo lugar, focaliza a atuação da censura e da Coroa em relação aos livros, isto é, os usos prescritos e interditados, avaliando os parâmetros censórios e suas modificações sob o Reformismo Ilustrado; acompanhando as práticas de controle e, inversamente, de difusão que afetaram a circulação e a posse de livros; e, ainda, examinando as concessões de licença para a leitura de livros proibidos. Por fim, aborda os usos do livro no mundo luso-brasileiro, através da análise da distribuição da posse de livros e da composição das bibliotecas; depois, da identificação das concepções de uso formuladas pelos próprios leitores; e, em seguida, examinando as práticas de leitura que acompanharam a formulação de proposições heréticas e, de forma mais particularizada, a Conjuração de Minas Gerais, avaliando os pesos respectivos da influência das Luzes e de outras referências culturais. / This thesis proposes a research about the uses of books in Portuguese-America with reference to Portugal also. Although it concentrates in the years between 1750 and 1822, it goes back to the sixteenth Century to understand particular characteristics of the later period. Firstly, it presents a series of cultural references and some practices of the Portuguese censorship with readers during the period of the Enlightened Reformism. On one hand, there were the corporate theories of power from the Second Scholastic, the millennium beliefs and the anti-scientificism, and, on the other hand, the Enlightenment and the main characteristics of the Portuguese Enlightened Reformism, since the rule of marquis of Pombal until that of the Regent Prince D. João VI. Secondly, it focuses on the practices censorship and the Crown in relation to books - that is, the prescribed and prohibited use which evaluated the parameters that established censorship and their modifications under the Enlightened Reformism. Also it accompanies the controlling practices and the diffusion practices that affected the circulation and the possession of books and examines the concession of licenses for the reading of prohibited books. Finally, it incorporates the uses of books in the Portuguese-Brazilian world through, the analysis, lastly, of the distribution of the possession of books and the composition of libraries and the conceptions identified and formulated by the readers themselves. Concluding, the practices that accompanied the formulation of heretic proposals and the Inconfidência Mineira are examined and specifically the different influences of the Enlightenment and other cultural influences.

Esta tese propõe-se a investigar os usos do livro na América Portuguesa, fazendo referências também a Portugal. Embora concentre-se nos anos compreendidos entre 1750 e 1822, para compreender as especificidades deste mesmo período, recua quando necessário ao século XVI. Primeiramente, apresenta um quadro das referências culturais e dos alvos de ataque da censura portuguesa e dos leitores no período do Reformismo Ilustrado: de um lado, as teorias corporativas de poder da Segunda Escolástica, os milenarismos e o anti-cientificismo e, de outro, a Ilustração e, ainda, as linhas gerais do Reformismo Ilustrado português, de Pombal ao Príncipe Regente D. João VI. Em segundo lugar, focaliza a atuação da censura e da Coroa em relação aos livros, isto é, os usos prescritos e interditados, avaliando os parâmetros censórios e suas modificações sob o Reformismo Ilustrado; acompanhando as práticas de controle e, inversamente, de difusão que afetaram a circulação e a posse de livros; e, ainda, examinando as concessões de licença para a leitura de livros proibidos. Por fim, aborda os usos do livro no mundo luso-brasileiro, através da análise da distribuição da posse de livros e da composição das bibliotecas; depois, da identificação das concepções de uso formuladas pelos próprios leitores; e, em seguida, examinando as práticas de leitura que acompanharam a formulação de proposições heréticas e, de forma mais particularizada, a Conjuração de Minas Gerais, avaliando os pesos respectivos da influência das Luzes e de outras referências culturais. / This thesis proposes a research about the uses of books in Portuguese-America with reference to Portugal also. Although it concentrates in the years between 1750 and 1822, it goes back to the sixteenth Century to understand particular characteristics of the later period. Firstly, it presents a series of cultural references and some practices of the Portuguese censorship with readers during the period of the Enlightened Reformism. On one hand, there were the corporate theories of power from the Second Scholastic, the millennium beliefs and the anti-scientificism, and, on the other hand, the Enlightenment and the main characteristics of the Portuguese Enlightened Reformism, since the rule of marquis of Pombal until that of the Regent Prince D. João VI. Secondly, it focuses on the practices censorship and the Crown in relation to books - that is, the prescribed and prohibited use which evaluated the parameters that established censorship and their modifications under the Enlightened Reformism. Also it accompanies the controlling practices and the diffusion practices that affected the circulation and the possession of books and examines the concession of licenses for the reading of prohibited books. Finally, it incorporates the uses of books in the Portuguese-Brazilian world through, the analysis, lastly, of the distribution of the possession of books and the composition of libraries and the conceptions identified and formulated by the readers themselves. Concluding, the practices that accompanied the formulation of heretic proposals and the Inconfidência Mineira are examined and specifically the different influences of the Enlightenment and other cultural influences.

Cette thèse se donne pour ambition d'éclairer un aspect méconnu de l'oeuvre et de la pensée de Sergueï Eisenstein, en se concentrant sur la relation privilégiée qu'il entretient durant toute sa vie avec l'art de Daumier. Tout en traversant l'oeuvre graphique, théâtrale, cinématographique et théorique d'Eisenstein, cette recherche entend également révéler Daumier sous un nouveau jour, en faisant découvrir la réception dont il jouit en Russie et en U.R.S.S. Il s'agira par la même occasion d'exposer et d'interroger le regard stimulant et original qu'Eisenstein porte sur l'art de Daumier. Ce parcours se voudra nécessairement transdisciplinaire. / The aim of this PhD thesis is to cast a new light on Eisenstein's work and thought, by focusing on his privileged relationship with Daumier's art. As we will come across Eisenstein's graphic, theatrical, cinematographical and theoretical work, we will unveil Daumier's still unknown reception in Russia and in U.S.S.R. By the same token, we will expose and discuss Eisenstein's challenging and modern vision of Daumier. The methodology chosen here is necessarily transciplinar.

Zugl.: Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Univ., Diss., 2008

This research aims, through the lives of Sergeant ordinances Bento José de Oliveira (1748-1808) and the crimes imputed to him, it understands the conflicts among the main administrative authorities of the captaincy of Sergipe d´El Rei, especially among captains -mores and ombudsmen, the subordination administrative period of Sergipe d´El Rei to the Bahia Captaincy General (1763-1808). Bento José de Oliveira was plantation owner of Cotinguiba and Staff Sergeant ordinances, known for numerous complaints for constituting the intercourse bandits which disturbed the authorities of Sergipe Capitany during the final three decades of the eighteenth century and the early years of the next century. The Prince Regent D. João ordered his arrest in the prison of Lisbon, where he died. The trajectory of Bento José de Oliveira serves us as a mean to move forward in the universe that has on the one hand the effort of the Portuguese Crown in the reigns of José I and Queen Mary I (including the regency of Prince João, future D. João VI) to rationalize the political and administrative centralization and, second, the centrifugal forces and a individuals autonomous and local groups who, through their particular interests, imprinted their actions to that social formation. We use the biography as a methodological tool. It is essential in this research to understand the relationship between the individual and the social, between a staff sergeant and his context, searching to see the biography character as being fragmented, multiple and marked by his own historicity and choices. This research falls under the strand of renewed political history, that is, seen outside the offices, the official programs of parties, elections and the |great men|, and aiming to find the meanings involving society and serve to legitimize the power and guide social relations. So one of the key concepts is the political culture of the Old Portuguese regime, based on an occupancy of positions and posts, through the provision of services to the Crown, responsible for granting privileges that allowed the significant chosen economic advantages and social prestige. The recurrence of delicts and disorder attributed to that individual highlights some aspects of the I weaknesses institutional and difficulty of establishing order in the Captaincy of Sergipe during the second half of the Eighteenth Century. This leads us to question the links of the vassals of Sergipe d´El Rei and its role in maintaining the institutional order. / Esta pesquisa objetiva, a partir da trajetória do sargento-mor de ordenanças Bento José de Oliveira (1748-1808) e dos crimes lhe imputados, compreender os conflitos entre as principais autoridades administrativas da capitania de Sergipe d El Rei, principalmente entre os capitães-mores e ouvidores, no período de subalternidade administrativa de Sergipe d El Rei à Capitania Geral da Bahia (1763-1808). Bento José de Oliveira foi senhor de engenho da Cotinguiba e sargento-mor de ordenanças, conhecido pelas inúmeras denúncias por constituir um coito de facinorosos que inquietou as autoridades da capitania de Sergipe durante as três décadas finais do século XVIII e os primeiros anos do século seguinte. O príncipe-regente D. João ordenou sua prisão num cárcere de Lisboa, onde faleceu. A trajetória de Bento José de Oliveira nos serve como meio para adentrarmos no universo que tem por um lado o esforço da coroa portuguesa nos reinados de D. José I e D. Maria I (incluindo a regência do príncipe D. João, futuramente, D. João VI) de racionalizar a centralização político-administrativa e, por outro, as forças centrífugas e autônomas de indivíduos e grupos locais que, por meio de seus interesses particulares, imprimiam seus atos àquela formação social. Utilizamos a biografia como ferramenta metodológica. É fundamental nesta pesquisa perceber as relações entre o individual e o social, entre um sargento-mor e seu contexto, buscando ver o personagem biografado como ser fragmentado, múltiplo e marcado por sua própria historicidade e escolhas. Esta pesquisa se insere na vertente da história política renovada, ou seja, vista fora dos gabinetes, dos programas oficiais dos partidos, das eleições e dos grandes homens , e visando encontrar os significados que envolvem a sociedade e servem para legitimar o poder e orientar as relações sociais. Assim, um dos conceitos-chave é o de cultura política do Antigo Regime português, baseado na ocupação de cargos e postos, através da prestação de serviços à coroa, responsável por conceder privilégios que possibilitavam aos escolhidos vantagens econômicas significativas, bem como prestígio social. A recorrência de crimes e desordens atribuídas a esse indivíduo evidencia alguns aspectos das fragilidades institucionais e dificuldade de se estabelecer a ordem na Capitania de Sergipe durante a segunda metade do século XVIII. Isso nos leva a questionar os vínculos dos vassalos de Sergipe d El Rei e o seu papel na manutenção da ordem institucional.

The aim of this thesis is to provide an introduction to the work of writer and journalist Harriet Ward, resident in the Eastern Cape from 1842 to 1848. She was a prolific correspondent to various periodicals published both in South Africa and in London. It would be true to say, to judge from the evidence, that she fulfilled a need felt by the British public for information on life and events in South Africa, and that she became the trusted guide of the middle-class reader. Her range covers reports from the frontiers of war, journalistic articles, memoirs, short stories, novels, autobiography, and editions of other writers' work. After the publication of her articles on the Seventh Frontier War (1846-7), she was recognised and respected as a commentator on the situation at the Eastern Cape, an unusual role for a woman at this time. She was also amongst the foremost victorian women writers published from the early eighteen forties until the end of the eighteen-fifties. Harriet Ward has left a vivid historical and sociological account of the Cape frontier, and her observations and judgements provide a hitherto virtually unknown perspective on an important part of South African history and letters. What makes her even more interesting, as this study seeks to show, is that she was far from conventional in her response to her new environment, both as as a woman and as a representative of a colonialist power. The record she has left of her thoughts on the people, landscape and situations of the time has the capacity to surprise the post-colonial literary critic and historian. Her struggle to find a discursive mode in which to express her consciousness of the oppression, patriarchal and colonial, of the marginalised, whether woman, indigene, Afrikaner, or creole, reveals a significantly transgressive or subversive response to the issues of the day. In re-discovering Harriet Ward, we are forced to reassess our assumptions regarding the period of colonial history to which she was a witness.