As Aventuras de David Simple, primeiro romance de Sarah Fielding publicado em 1744, foi redescoberto pela crítica anglo-saxã nos anos 60 através da adoção de perspectivas que buscavam questionar as abordagens canônicas no que se refere ao romance moderno como gênero. Neste trabalho, procuramos compreender a contribuição, dentro da história do romance, dos principais estudos acerca de David Simple, e propor uma análise crítica que, aproximando-se do material narrativo, visa a expor como se formulam, no nível da fatura, algumas das questões fundamentais da vida socioeconômica e literária da Inglaterra neste período / The Adventures of David Simple, Sarah Fielding\'s first novel published in 1744, was rediscovered by Anglo Saxon critics in the 1960\'s who employed new perspectives that aimed at questioning earlier canonical assumptions regarding the modern novel as a genre. The aim of this research is to understand the contributions, to the history of the novel, of the main studies concerning David Simple, and also to propose a critical analysis that, approaching the narrative material, aims at exposing how the novel formulates, in the managing of its structure and themes, some of the fundamental issues in socioeconomic and literary English life in this period

Orientador: Luiz Roberto Monzani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T22:31:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro_ClaraCarnicerode_M.pdf: 898272 bytes, checksum: c2eab5298c3e8e6afa57476e9283458a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A pesquisa, a ser aqui exposta, pretende analisar a elaboração do sistema filosófico do Marquês de Sade, tendo como base o estudo das filosofias iluminista e libertina da França do século XVIII. O estudo foi dividido em dez temas principais, entendidos como os mais pertinentes para se examinar a argumentação de uma ética sadeana. São eles: (1) a consciência moral, (2) a natureza, (3) o remorso, (4) o sangue-frio em oposição à paixão, (5) o discurso do poder, (6) a teoria do excesso e a doutrina da predestinação, (7) a elaboração do crime, (8) a dissimulação, (9) o diálogo libertino e (10) o sexo como estímulo da inteligência ou a ascensão libertina. Sendo assim, propomo-nos a descrever e analisar detalhadamente cada um desses temas aplicados à obra de Sade e relacionados às filosofias libertina e iluminista / Abstract: This research intends to analyse the development of Marquis de Sade¿s philosophical system based upon the enlightenment¿s and the libertine¿s philosophies on the eighteenth century France. The study has been divided in ten main themes, understood as the most appropriate to provide a detailed argumentative examination of Sade¿s ethic, such as: (1) the moral conscience, (2) the nature, (3) the remorse, (4) cold-bloodedness against passion, (5) the power discourse, (6) the excess theory and the predestination doctrine, (7) the crime¿s development, (8) the disguise, (9) the libertine¿s dialogue and (10) sex as an intellectual stimulus or the libertine¿s ascension. Therefore, this study claims to describe and analyse in detail each one of these themes applied to Sade¿s work and related to the enlightenment¿s and libertine¿s philosophies / Mestrado / Filosofia / Mestre em Filosofia

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:17:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Java I P Marcondes.pdf: 759515 bytes, checksum: ec8e1d8f33c7df9f94973ef0c13bdaca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-09 / This work is a study of the territory defense problem in Captiancy of Goiás in the 18th Century, and how one must realize that the the logic that motivated its functioning was not of an economic nature, but obeyed principles devised within a particular political device. Between the 1720s and the 1750s, the defence of the mines of Goiás touted indigenous settlements as true barracks, which served as shelter for the pacified indigenous that were used as soldiers in attacks against the region s indigenous. At that point, it interested organizing the closing of territory, a phenomenon that joined the concentration of fiscal activities under Royal Road, the prohibition of navigation of the Tocantins and Araguaia rivers and fighting against smuggling. However, since the early years of the 1750s, new issues emerged within what was meant by defending the of Goiás. The idea of settlement of the captaincy, now conceived as a more efficient way to defend the royal possessions, articulated the creation of new settlements, now understood as unities of population, evidence of portuguese presence along the full territory extension. Moreover, the creation of roads linking the camps, the opening of communications with others Colony s Captaincy and the franchising of rivers navigation integrated mechanisms triggered in defending territory. Therefore, the aim of this work is the distinction between these two ways of thinking about territory defense. / Este trabalho é um estudo do problema da defesa do território na Capitania de Goiás no século XVIII, e de como é preciso perceber que a lógica que animava seu funcionamento não era de natureza econômica, mas obedecia a princípios concebidos no interior de um dispositivo político particular. Entre as décadas de 1720 e 1750, a defesa das minas de Goiás agenciava os aldeamentos indígenas como verdadeiros quartéis, que serviam de abrigo a indígenas pacificados e utilizados como soldados nas investidas contra os indígenas da região. Àquela altura, interessava organizar o fechamento do território, um fenômeno que unia a concentração das atividades fiscais sobre a Estrada Real, a proibição da navegação dos rios Tocantins e Araguaia e o combate ao contrabando. No entanto, já nos primeiros anos da década de 1750, emergem novas questões no interior daquilo que se entendia por defesa do território de Goiás. A ideia do povoamento da Capitania, agora concebida como meio mais eficiente de defender as possessões reais, articulava a criação de novos aldeamentos, agora entendidos como unidades de povoamento, marcas da presença portuguesa por toda extensão do território. Além disso, a criação de estradas de ligação entre os arraiais, a abertura de comunicações com outras Capitanias da Colônia e o franqueamento da navegação dos rios integraram mecanismos acionados na defesa do território. A distinção entre essas duas formas de pensar a defesa do território, o objetivo deste trabalho.

Neste trabalho buscou-se estudar a Inquisição portuguesa em dois períodos distintos. Primeiramente, objetivou-se compreender o período, a partir de 1720, no qual ocorreram os picos da repressão do Santo Ofício português em relação a práticas de feitiçaria, sendo justamente os feiticeiros o objeto do estudo. Pretendeu-se analisar a visão e os procedimentos da Inquisição no tocante a esse tipo de práticas e crenças. O segundo objetivo do trabalho consistiu em analisar o período de declínio da instituição inquisitorial, após a década de 70 do século XVIII, interessando, por um lado, o esforço de manutenção da Inquisição e, por outro, a descrença em relação às atuações dos feiticeiros e seus poderes. Pretendeu-se apreender diálogos existentes entre a autoridade oficial (católica) e o lado extra-oficial (feiticeiros), bem como entender o posicionamento da Inquisição posta entre esses que contatavam o sagrado sem o intermédio eclesiástico e os ilustrados, cujas luzes da razão vinham se desenrolando ao longo dos Setecentos. / This work aimed to study the Portuguese Inquisition in two distinct moments. In a first moment, it aimed to understand the period starting at 1720, in which occurred the peaks of the Holy Offices repression to practices of sorcery, being sorcerers the object of study. It was intended to analyze the points of view and procedures of the Inquisition concerning such practices and beliefs. The second objective was to assess the period of decline of the inquisitorial institution, after the 1770s, interesting, on one hand, the Inquisitions effort to maintain herself and, on the other hand, a disbelief concerning the actions of sorcerers and their powers. It was intended to capture the dialogues between the official (Catholic) and unofficial (sorcerers) sides, as well as to understand the positioning of the Inquisition put between those who contacted the sacred without the ecclesiastical intermediate, and the enlightenment men, whose lights of reason had been unfolding along the 18th century.

A dissertação analisa a trajetória social dos libertos de Mariana (MG) na segunda metade do século XVIII, período caracterizado pela reorganização da economia local, após o auge da mineração. Ao longo do século formou-se, naquela sociedade, um contingente significativo de egressos do cativeiro. O trabalho procura demonstrar, por meio do exame de diversos repertórios documentais (registros de óbitos, testamentos, inventários e ações cíveis), que o aspecto central daquelas trajetórias sociais foi a obtenção da liberdade. Ainda que a maior parte desses libertos contraísse dívidas e morresse na pobreza, a alforria representava o ponto de inflexão decisivo em suas vidas. / This work analyses the social trajectory of the freedmen in Mariana (MG) in the second half of the eighteenth century, a period characterized by the reorganization of the local economy, after the mining peak. Throughout the century, a significant contingent of people released from captivity was formed in that society. This work aims at demonstrating, through the exam of several documents, death records, testaments, inventories e civil actions, that the central aspect of such social trajectories was the conquest of freedom. Although most of the freedmen obtained debts and died in poverty, the manumission represented the turning point in their lives.

Esta tese apresenta um estudo sobre a espacialização da economia colonial nas minas do Cuiabá e do Mato Grosso, no centro da América do Sul, na primeira metade do século XVIII. No primeiro capítulo procuramos demonstrar como algumas interpretações e imagens recorrentes a respeito da economia colonial reproduzida nos territórios que formariam a capitania de Mato Grosso, impõem-se aos indícios documentais e são reproduzidas sem o questionamento sobre os pressupostos que as sustentam. No segundo capítulo, definimos nosso posicionamento teórico e metodológico em relação aos documentos cartográficos. No terceiro capítulo analisamos mapas classificados como sertanistas. Demonstramos que uma análise dos rústicos mapas do sertanismo revela uma lógica da expansão das conquistas territoriais portuguesas distante das interpretações consagradas sobre estes mapas. No quarto capítulo reconstruímos o processo de formação de ambientes rurais na primeira década de colonização portuguesa nas minas do Cuiabá, revelando a estruturação de uma estrutura fundiária diversificada voltada para o comércio e o mercado interno. No quinto capítulo analisamos a relação entre as práticas administrativas e a espacialização da economia colonial. No sexto capítulo, procuramos relacionar a espacialização da economia no centro da América do Sul às transformações da economia na primeira metade do século XVIII, em diversas escalas. / This thesis present a study about the spatialization of the colonial economy in the mines of Cuiabá and of Mato Grosso, in the center of South America in the first half of the eighteenth century. In the first chapter we demonstrate how some recurring images and interpretations about the economy reproduced in the colonial territories that would form the captaincy of Mato Grosso, are imposed regarding the documental evidences and are reproduced without questioning the assumptions that underpin them. In the second chapter, we defined our theoretical and methodological positioning in relation to cartographic documents. In the third chapter we analyze maps classified as sertanistas. We demonstrate that an analysis of rustic maps of sertanismo reveals a logical of the Portuguese expansion distant of the interpretations consecrated about these maps. In the fourth chapter we reconstruct the process of formation of rural environments in the first decade of colonization in the mines of Cuiabá, revealing the structuring a diversified land structure facing the trade and the internal market. In the fifth chapter we analyze the relationship between and administrative practices and the colonial economy spacialization. In the sixth chapter, we relate the economy spacialization at the center of South America with the transformations of the economy in the first half of the eighteenth century, in various scales.

Orientador: Silvia Hunold Lara / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campoinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T20:03:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alfagali_CrislayneGlossMarao_M.pdf: 5108904 bytes, checksum: bc41bff909465e93aae51f2ef4571065 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A dissertação analisa as condições de vida e de trabalho dos artesãos do ferro que moraram na região de Mariana e Vila Rica, no século XVIII. Por meio da análise de registros das Câmaras dessas duas vilas, de inventários e testamentos, investiga-se o lugar social que esses homens de ofício ocuparam no contexto do Antigo Regime, examinando especialmente as condições materiais de exercício do ofício de ferreiro e de outros correlatos; o processo de ensino-aprendizagem desenvolvido no interior das oficinas; os modos de convivência do trabalho livre e escravo; as heranças (européias e africanas) no conjunto de técnicas, saberes e habilidades empregadas na mineração e transformação do ferro; as diferenças entre artífices livres, negros e libertos; as possibilidades de ascensão econômica pelo trabalho; as solidariedades importantes entre esses artesãos e como eles lidavam com o poder local / Abstract: The main goal of this dissertation is to analyze life and work conditions of iron craftsmen who lived in Vila Rica and at Mariana's region at the eighteenth century. Through the analysis of sources from the Common Council of these two villages, from wills and inventories, we investigate the social place occupied by these artisans in the Old Regime context, examining especially the material conditions to hold the blacksmith occupation and others related to it; the teaching-learning process developed within the workshops; the modes of coexistence of free and slave labor; the inheritance (European and African) in the set of techniques, knowledge and skills that were employed in the iron smelting and smiting; the differences between free artisans, black and freed man; the possibilities of economic ascent through work; the important solidarities that were established between these artisans and how they dealt with the local power / Mestrado / Historia Social / Mestra em História

The purpose of this study is to examine ordinary people’s resistance against the king and queen between the years of 1718 and 1790 in Sweden. This is done by examining court cases of treasonous and defamatory words used against the king and queen. The criticism and resistance towards the king and queen are analysed and compared to see how men and women in powerful positions were perceived differently. This essay also tries to answer how the dominant elite respond to the resistance. To analyse the everyday resistance, James C. Scott’s theories about hidden and public transcript are used. Criticism against the royal family was illegal in 18th century Sweden and was therefore often spoken in private settings. When the criticism or defamation was spoken in public places, it was often the result of drunkenness, outbursts of strong feelings or mental illness. The resistance found in these words can also be publicly displayed when the sender was disguised, either by anonymous texts or using a physical disguise. The king was the main subject of the critique; in 17 of 21 cases the king was criticised and the queen in 6 cases. These numbers includes cases where both were criticised. Criticism against the king often concerned political issues or a person’s discontent about something. In contrast, the queen was subject to slander against her character. The king was also more often represented as an abstract power figure in the analysed cases. This is connected to the king’s formal power, whereas the queen’s power was more informal. Both the king and queen was criticised for their reckless spending, since society’s divisions affected both men and women. Class also affected how the resistance was performed, where people from higher classes gave written criticism and lower classes tended to express their criticism more spontaneously.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka de ideologiska motiven bakom frisläppandet av spannmålshandeln 1775 och 1780. Utgångspunkten är det funktionalistiska synssättet med handlingsaxiom inom det praxeologiska läran som komplement för att undersöka individernas situation. Tillvägagångssättet blir att undersöka böndernas och statens ekonomiska situation och syn på marknaden före och efter tidigare nämnda årtal.    Under tidiga 1700-talet var Sverige ett samhälle med starkt statlig kontroll av marknaden med inrikes tullar, premier och fördelar för vissa personer i samhället. Samtidigt under upplysningstiden träder tänkare som Adam Smith, Anders Chydenius och även fysiokrater fram och hävdar att en fri marknad skulle vara till fördel för både landet och individerna, något som Johan Liljencrantz delvis var influerad av. Resultatet av denna uppsats visar att upplysningstiden och fysiokratism låg bakom frisläppandet av spannmålshandeln då fokus centrerades till bondens positiva ekonomiska utveckling. / The main purpose in this essay is to research the ideological motives behind the extrication of the grain trade in 1775 and 1780. To do this research I have to see the Swedish state and farmers economic situation before 1775 and after 1775, but also what time Liljencrantz lived in and how relevant the time was to the reform. The starting point for this essay is using the functionalism analysis with action axiom of praxeology in mind to see the relationship between the state and the individual.    During the early 18th century, Sweden had a mercantile system where the industry had to be protected with high tariffs and a strong nobility owning them. During the enlightenment thinkers like Adam Smith, Anders Chydenius and to some extent physiocrats sought a society with free market that would have the result of more wealth, to the nation as well as to the citizen. The result of this essay is that Liljencrantz reform were the causes of his time and political view, the time of enlightenment and physiocracy to make the farmer more free and prosperous. It was also the start of the more liberal economy that would dominate the Swedish society in the 1800 hundreds.

Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished