Nesta dissertação, a partir da minha produção prática intitulada Em busca de Elliot Erwit, viso verificar conceitos em relação à fotografia e sua inclusão no campo da arte contemporânea. Inicialmente realizado em uma viagem a Nova Iorque, Em busca de Elliot Erwit contempla a fotografia a partir de sua relação com uma busca de imagens e um imaginário urbano, busca incentivada por um desejo despertado de meu encontro casual com um livro de fotografias. Com isso, questões como viagem, olhar e documento serão indispensáveis para refletir a ação de fotografar e o desenvolvimento de uma narrativa textual que acompanha as fotos, acalentando a ideia de que o fotografar seria um ato de ficção. / In this research, I intend to verify, from my praccal producon tled In search of Elliot Erwit, concepts in relaon to photography and its inclusion in the field of contemporary art. Inially conducted on a trip to New York, In search of Ellio Erwi contemplates photography from its relaonship with a search for urban images and a imagery urban, pursued fueled by a desire aroused by the chance encounter between me and a photo book. With this, issues such as travel, look and document will be indispensable to reflect the acon of photography and the development of a textual narrave that accompanies the photos, cherishing the idea that photographing it would be an act of ficon.

Nas últimas décadas, assistimos a uma verdadeira reabilitação da autoconsciência retórica – com Hayden White no papel de arauto – no âmbito da historiografia. Contudo, embora o trabalho de White tenha se mostrado para muitos – entre os quais me incluo – como uma tentativa de ―avanço‖ em nossa autoconsciência, ele foi, paradoxalmente, muitas vezes visto e apresentado em discursos escandalizados como sinônimo de ―retrocesso‖ e ―obscurantismo‖. Persuadido do contrário – de que o ―ceticismo‖ de White não é um mal – prejudicial, contraproducente ou pernicioso ao nosso ofício –, eu analiso críticas desferidas ao dito ―relativismo linguístico‖. Tendo em vista a controvérsia filosófica da linguagem como portadora de referencialidade ocorrida entre a primeira sofística e Platão no Mundo Antigo, demonstro como as censuras de Carlo Ginzburg – o mais virulento de seus críticos – buscaram fundamento na argumentação platônico-aristotélica contra o relativismo da primeira sofística. Reapresento também argumentos de outros historiadores escandalizados com o trabalho de White para evidenciar que um tópos comum na argumentação desses críticos constitui-se como platonismo: a noção de que o ―narrativismo‖ conduz ao dilema teórico da impossibilidade de dizer o falso, tese atribuída por Platão à primeira sofística, para quem os múltiplos discursos arruinariam a própria noção de verdade. Paralelamente, a fim de demonstrar que esse dilema existe apenas no horizonte platônico (que compartimenta verdade e ficção em dois blocos distintos e separados), reavalio a relação entre história, verdade e ficção. Por fim, e considerando a linguagem como um elemento inexpugnável do discurso nas ciências humanas, defendo as perspectivas de White e da primeira sofística contra o voo platônico de superação da nossa inevitável condição humana. / In the last decades, we have witnessed a true rehabilitation of rhetorical self-conscience – with Hayden White in the Herald paper – in the context of historiography. However, while White's work has been shown for many – including myself – as an attempt to ―advance‖ in our self-consciousness, he was, paradoxically, often seen and presented in scandalized discourses as a synonym for ―setback‖ and ―obscurantism‖. Persuaded otherwise – that the White‘s ―skepticism‖ is not an evil – harmful, counterproductive or pernicious to our craft – i analyze the criticisms triggered to the so-called ―linguistic relativism.‖ Considering the philosophical controversy of language as ―carrier of referentiality‖ occurred between the first sophistic and Plato in the Ancient World, I demonstrate how the reproaches of Carlo Ginzburg – the most virulent of his critics – sought essentials in the platonic-aristotelian arguments against the relativist of the first sophistry. I evaluate as well arguments of other scandalized historians with White's work to show that a common topos in the argument of these critics constitutes itself as Platonism: the notion that the ―narrativism‖ leads to the theoretical dilemma of the impossibility of say the false, argument given by Plato to first sophistic, and to whom the multiple discourses would undermine the very notion of truth. In parallel, in order to demonstrate that this dilemma exists only in the platonic horizon (which compartmentalize truth and fiction in two distinct and separate blocks), i evaluate again the relation between history, truth and fiction. Finally, and considering the language as an inexpugnable element of discourse in the human sciences, I advocate the prospects of White and the first sophistic against platonic flight overcoming our inevitable human condition.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Estephan.pdf: 1215415 bytes, checksum: f61c9e77e2ecd69ada4230caf1026243 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research work has, as main target, to analyse the violinistic work from the native of the city of São Paulo, Americo Jacomino, the Canhoto (the Left-handed), (1889-1928). For that we ll first reflect about the theoretic-methodological aspects that served as reference for this research work, where History and Music dialogue frequently. Then, we ll stand out its professional route, when he started his career in circus, theathers anda movie-theathers until he gets into the mainly concert rooms in São Paulo: The Teatro Municipal and the Conservatório Dramático e Musical . After that, we ll analyse his musical production from this phonographic file and scores, looking for a reflect, about his compositional universe. Finally, as reference, the Argentinean Tangos composed and intepreted by Canhoto we ll make an investigation about the guitar in the South American continent, from the approach of Canhoto and Carlos Gordel, as well between the Brazilian and the Argetinean Tango, to finish, talking about the Paraguayan Agustin Barrios, one of the most important violinist from the beginning of the Twentieth Century / Este trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivo central, analisar a obra violonística do paulistano Américo Jacomino, o Canhoto (1889-1928). Para tanto, refletiremos inicialmente sobre os aspetos teórico-metodológicos que serviram de referência para este trabalho de pesquisa, onde História e Música dialogam com freqüência Em seguida, destacaremos sua trajetória profissional, quando iniciou sua carreira tocando em circos, teatros e cinemas, até adentrar às principais salas de concerto de São Paulo: o Teatro Municipal e o Conservatório Dramático e Musical. Posteriormente, analisaremos sua produção musical, a partir de seus registros fonográficos e partituras, buscando um refletir sobre seu universo composicional. Por fim, tendo como referência os tangos argentinos compostos e interpretados por Canhoto, faremos uma investigação sobre o violão no continente sul-americano, a partir da aproximação das carreiras de Canhoto e Carlos Gardel, assim como entre o tango brasileiro e o argentino, para encerrarmos, com uma abordagem sobre este que foi um dos mais importantes violonistas deste início de século XX, o paraguaio Agustin Barrios

L'étude du rapport entre les choses et le langage constitue probablement un lieu commun de la critique de l'oeuvre de Francis Ponge, mais il appert que des lieux communs se retrouvent aussi dans les manières qu'ont les critiques de traiter cette question, et ainsi de polariser les lectures. À cet égard, les analyses philosophiques démontrent une tendance à catégoriser les textes de Ponge selon deux principales approches: la phénoménologie et le structuralisme. Tandis que la première voit dans le rapport entre le langage et les choses une quête essentialiste basée sur les affects, l'autre tend à faire du texte poétique un objet autoréférentiel. Ces deux tendances suggèrent ainsi une interprétation idéaliste qui situe le langage comme fondement du monde. La pensée de Ludwig Wittgenstein permet d'effectuer un changement de paradigme et de souligner les apories des deux positions précédentes. Bien que la pratique de Ponge et celle de Wittgenstein n'aient jamais été rapprochées, elles possèdent toutefois des affinités, car tous deux cultivent une méfiance envers les lieux communs, les modèles absolus et la ressemblance comme critères de formation d'ensembles génériques. À cette recherche d'unité, Ponge et Wittgenstein opposent la variété des choses qui permet une attention particulière à la différence et à la singularité. Cette critique de l'idéalisme et de l'unité comme fondements du sens permet aussi de s'objecter à une théorie du langage qui établit des liens strictes entre les mots et les objets et de réorienter la poésie de Ponge dans une dynamique plurielle de la signification basée sur l'indétermination référentielle où l'écriture devient une pragmatique qui énonce des règles spécifiques propres à chaque objet-textuel. L'approche poétique de Ponge a fortement été influencée par la peinture cubiste, notamment par ses innovations techniques et par la problématisation des rapports à la référence qu'elle propose. Le rapprochement de ces deux esthétiques permet donc de brouiller les limites strictes entre les disciplines et de rapprocher l'oeuvre de Ponge de celle de Donald Judd qui, par ses « specific objects », voulait transgresser l'autonomisation des champs. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Francis Ponge, Objet, Référence, Signification spécifique, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Donald Judd, Cubisme, Poésie, Philosophie.

Graduate

Since the dawn of industrialization, many authoritarian regimes have taken on massive public works projects which seem impressive or farfetched. Few onlookers are surprised when these projects are not completed or are completed at such a high cost that they appear to be an exercise in futility. Usually these failures are written off as dictatorial incompetence and overambition, but the initial motivations for beginning them are rarely addressed. This paper will argue that, rather than being a symptom of precipitant development or front for embezzlement, many of these projects were designed to fail because the regime received the largest benefit by starting them—not by completing them. Empirically this research will focus on the Toshka ‘New River Valley’ project in Egypt, which is Egypt’s largest development project and is designed to create a second Nile River Valley in the South and eventually be home to 20% of the Egypt’s population. In this report I explore the governments’ motivations, their intentions, the resulting symbolism and the repercussions of the Toshka project. / text

This paper explores and interrogates late Victorian anxieties concerning the issues of masculinity and labor, taking Thomas Hardy’s Jude the Obscure as a key text in this discourse. I argue that Hardy, drawing upon his own experiences, offers a meditation on the differing Victorian modes of masculinity outlined and embodied in the thought of John Henry Newman and Thomas Carlyle, and in doing so, constructs a dialectical tension between already outmoded, yet remarkably persistent, answers to the questions and pressures of modernity. Through the use of one of the text’s central images—that of Christminster and its accompanying Gothic architecture—Hardy creates an opposition between an idealized intellectual labor and the earthy reality of manual labor. Both forms—figured in either the heroic and organic terms of Carlyle or the reserved, tradition-bound reaction of Newman—represent the ideal that allows Jude to live, but also the force that leads to his death. Therefore, in the clash between the ideal and real, the dialectic fails to deliver a possible synthesis, and instead spirals restlessly in the darkened gaps of self-negation. At the same time, because the specter of a crude social and biological Darwinism consciously haunts the edges of the story, the dialectic never stops demanding a synthesis if Jude is to discover the grounding for a fully integrated identity or ethics. The central question for Hardy thus becomes one of form: For a modern masculine subjectivity to take hold, external social forms must have a connective vitality with interior dispositions, a proposition that Hardy views as a near impossibility. / text

No description available.

No description available.

Economic globalization is a relatively recent phenomenon which has become familiar nowadays both in theory and practice. By definition, economic globalization is a transnational phenomenon characteristic of the post-industrial era and whose driving forces are respectively the recent technological innovations (as its engine), media of communication (information technology) as its facilitator, and political liberalism as its underlying political ideology, particularly after the collapse of doctrinaire socialism and the disintegration of the Soviet Union and its satellites. The phenomenon of economic globalization is ambiguous. It is a symbol of promise for some, yet a symbol of threat and alienation for others. It has both positive and negative effects. In effect, we can appreciate the dividends of economic globalization as they are evident in the growth of international trade, a tendency to universalize liberal democracy as a result of the failure of socialism and its command economy, an apparent international solidarity, economic prosperity as well as the triumph of the market economy. On the negative side, we cannot be blind to the obvious growing marginalization of the poor countries and the poor within countries, the demise of the nation-state coupled with social and political instability, inequality and social injustices between and within countries, ecological degradation and moral decadence due to blind interests in the market and maximization of profit. However, the negative effects seem to weigh more than the positive ones. This raises the question of how to respond to economic globalization. Two responses are analysed and critiqued in this dissertation. The first response, that of Samir Amin, comes from a Neo-Marxist perspective. Amin suggests a reversal of economic globalization altogether. This reversal consists in the reconsideration of the international socialism whereby each state should be allowed to negotiate the terms of interdependence with other states (poly-centrism). The second response is that of Hans Kung, who suggests a global ethic that could give economic globalization a human face. This economy with a human face is an "Aristotelian mean" economy; a kind of economy which is between the welfare state and neo-capitalism. The content of this global ethic supposed to underlie this economy is a set of values drawn from most of the religious traditions of the world. My contention is that neither Amin's international socialism nor Kung's global ethic constitute a satisfactory challenge to the power of the market and profit that are the main motive of economic globalization. Amin's international socialism is unrealistic and unreliable, particularly in this time when Marxist socialism has failed economically and has shown itself unpopular and unhelpful in practice. Kung's idea of global ethic is a powerful suggestion. Nevertheless it lacks a conceptual foundation which would redeem it from the risk of being a mere ethical contract. This conceptual framework should be an alternative to that of the Smithian homo oeconomicus that informs today's economy. The present economic order evolves around the neoclassical narrow understanding of the human being as homo oeconomicus. Thus, if we are to provide an ethic for the phenomenon of economic globalization, we have to build it on a concept that goes beyond the economic man. Such a concept should be an answer to the following double question: What/who are we, and how should we live given what/who we are? The concept that seems to best answer these questions is the concept of imago Dei as relational, central to the Judeo-Christian anthropology. The social, political and ecological implications of imago Dei as relational should help us to reconstruct the human community as the context of moral values, empower the state as the natural society that can work in partnership with the Church as the family of God, and finally consider those values that can help us to consider the enviromnent as something that is not at the disposal of human domination and overexploitation. The ethic of imago Dei as reIational is applied to the Burundian context as its testing ground. With the ethic of imago Dei as relational, the growth of the international trade should benefit the poor instead of marginalizing them, political liberalism would not lead to disorder which the profit seekers exploit to the detriment of the state, solidarity would imply equality and social justice as well as environmental care, and moral values would recover their priority over market judgment in which everything is referred to in terms of commodity. The implications of such an ordering are the following: the humanization of foreign aid and humanitarian service, the orientation of economic investment towards human promotion and not only for profit, a shift from self-enrichment minded political leadership to a leadership open to socio-economic empowerment of the poor as well as environmental care. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2001.