In 2000, the EU, under the influence of its current progress in the integration process, established a list of fairly ambitious goals in the economic, social and environmental issues, which it had wanted to achieve by 2010. The reform program has been named the Lisbon Strategy and has often been paraphrased as "catch up and overtake the U. S." Shortly after its launch, however, it began to be clear that such radical reform was not realistically possible, especially because of its complexity, a lack of willingness of Member States to implement these reforms and a poor set of implementation tools. The Lisbon Strategy has been followed by a new EU global reform document for 2020, Europe 2020, mainly due to the fact that the problems plaguing European countries remain the same and they haven't been adequately resolved by the Lisbon Strategy. The aim of this paper is to analyze the implementation of the Lisbon strategy in the Czech Republic, identify in which areas the CR has been successful, and in which it has lagged behind the performance of other EU members as well as where it could achieve a more significant progress. At the same time, the work examines the reasons why the Lisbon Strategy, though a very interesting concept of reform, has remained out of public interest, and its achievements haven't...

The European Union aims to reduce interregional disparities through its regional policy. This thesis deals with the effectiveness of EU regional policy and trends of regional disparities according to selected indicators. In the case study the impact of EU regional policy is observed in Ireland, the Czech republic and Bulgaria. Regional disparities are examined at NUTS 2 level. The Williamson curve is tested to explore the association between the level of economic development and level of disparities. In the comparative study the values of indicators are compared to the EU average. In the end, the thesis is focused on evaluation of EU regional policy efectiveness and seven recommendations are proposed to contribute to the improvement of EU regional policy so that goals of Europe 2020 Strategy are achieved.

2020 – this year will surely be remembered as the year of the Covid19-pandemic. Writing these lines in August 2020, there are around 20 million people infected (numbers increasing continuously) – and the whole population of the world affected by the virus. 750.000 people died in the first months of the pandemic. And all over the world poverty increases, and the most vulnerable are most affected by the crisis. Are there any ‘answers’ sermons can give? Or is this a time for silently listening with the congregations to the word of God? What is the role of preaching in the pandemic – knowing that we will never simply return to the situation ‘before’ the pandemic, but that our way of living, and also our way of preaching and celebrating worship will change.

Den här uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka Dagens Nyheters rapportering om bränderna i Kalifornien 2020 samt bränderna i Amazonas 2020. Vi avser att undersöka vad det finns för skillnader och likheter i omfång och karaktär av Dagens Nyheters rapportering om bränderna samt på vilket sätt Dagens Nyheter framställer klimatförändringarna i rapporteringen om respektive brand. Studien avser även att undersöka vilka faktorer som kan förklara skillnadeni rapporteringen av bränderna samt förekomsten av klimatförändringarna. Utifrån Anabela Carvalho (2008) och Peter Berglez (2019) fastställda analysmodell har vi bedrivit en kvalitativ kritisk diskursanalys av 18 artiklar under perioderna för respektive brand. Studientar sin teoretiska ansats i tidigare diskursanalyser av klimatrapportering (Berglez & Lidskog2017), (Carvalho 2012) samt en diskursanalys av nyhetsrapportering vid kriser (Chouliaraki 2006). Utöver det utgår studien även från global journalistik, framing, gatekeeping och närhetsprincipen i form av geografisk samt kulturell närhet. Resultatet visar att klimatförändringarna nämns som grund till bränderna i Kalifornien, men sällan uttalat utan snarare mellan raderna. Sedermera nämns klimatförändringarna i rapporteringen om bränderna i Amazonas som att klimatförändringarna snarare blir påverkade av bränderna än som anledningen till att bränderna sker. Den främsta anledningen till bränderna pågår tycks bero på avverkning av skogen och i rapporteringen sätter Dagens Nyheter de brasilianska myndigheterna, och särskilt Jair Bolsonaro, som ansvarig till bränderna. Slutligen kunde vi även se att fler individer fick komma till tals i rapporteringen om bränderna i Kalifornien och att nyhetsrapporteringen föreföll sig under diskursen emergency news, en etablerad diskurs i Lilie Chouliarakis studie The spectatorship of suffering (2006) medan rapporteringen om vilka individer som påverkas av bränderna i Amazonas snarare landade under kategorin adventure news.

Europa befinner sig sedan 24 februari 2022 i det känsligaste säkerhetspolitiska läget sedan andra världskriget. I Försvarsbeslutet från 2020 gav regeringen Försvarsmakten uppgiften att tillväxa för att möta den försämrade utvecklingen som pågått under drygt ett decennium. Tillväxten påverkas nu av besluten att skänka kvalificerad materiel till Ukraina och beslutet att ansöka om medlemskap i försvarsalliansen Nato.    Syftet med denna studie är att, för oss som författare, skapa förståelse för på vilket sätt armén kan försörja nationell försvarsförmåga, integrering med Nato samt stödja Ukraina med materiel. Vår forskning genomfördes som en kvalitativ studie där vi intervjuade personer med insikter och perspektiv från den strategiska-, militärstrategiska-, operativa- och taktiska nivån. Detta kompletterades med perspektiv från försvarsindustrin och från forskare vid Försvarshögskolan.   Vi har i vår undersökning sökt förståelse för hur arméns resurser avseende personal, materiel och infrastruktur påverkas när den utsätts för hot och friktioner. Dessa resurser är vitala när armén växer i storlek och skapar militär krigföringsförmåga. Som referensram har vi använt det Resursbaserade synsättet (RBV), dynamiska förmågor och flexibilitetsperspektivet.      Resultatet av vår forskning visar på att det pågår en kamp om resurser. Efterfrågan hos försvarsindustrin har ökat då många länder försöker att öka sin militära förmåga. Europa har gjort sig beroende av den amerikanska försvarsindustrin vilket nu gör det svårt att ersätta brister eller nyanskaffa materiel och ammunition.   Försvarsmakten behöver genomföra ambitionssänkningar då det för närvarade är svårt att tillföra mer resurser. / Since February 24, 2022, Europe has been in its most volatile securitysituation since World War II. In the Government Bill from 2020, thegovernment gave the Armed Forces the task to increase in volume andcapability to meet the deteriorating development that has been ongoingfor just over a decade. Growth is now affected by the decisions to donatequalified equipment to Ukraine and the decision to apply for membershipin the NATO defence alliance.The purpose of this study is to create an understanding, for us as authors,of how the army can provide national defence capability, integration withNATO and military support to Ukraine.Our research was conducted as a qualitative study where we interviewedpeople with insights and perspectives from the strategic-, militarystrategic-, operational- and tactical levels. This was broadened withperspectives from the defense industry and from researchers at theSwedish Defence University.In our research, we sought an understanding of how the army’s resources(personnel, equipment, and infrastructure) are affected when it is exposedto frictions and threats. These resources are vital as the Army grows andcreates military capabilities. As a frame of reference, we have used theResource Based Approach (RBV), dynamic capabilities and the Flexibilityperspective.The results of our research show that there is an ongoing struggle forresources. Demand on the defense industry has increased as manycountries try to increase their military capabilities. Europe has becomedependent on the American defense industry, which now makes it difficultto replace deficiencies or acquire new equipment and ammunition.The Armed Forces need to change its objectives due to difficulties in addingmore resources

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo general describir cómo la desigualdad digital afectó la implementación del programa “Aprendo en casa” en la institución educativa 7106 Villa Limatambo, en el distrito de Villa María Del Triunfo. Para lo cual se analizará opiniones de familias, alumnos y docentes para proponer recomendaciones a su implementación. El tipo de investigación fue cualitativa, por lo cual se entrevistó a los miembros de la comunidad educativa, directivos, docentes, estudiantes, padres y madres familias. Para el recojo de información se realizó la investigación documental, las entrevistas personales y los grupos focales. El estudio concluyó que la desigualdad digital afectó negativamente la implementación del programa “Aprendo en casa” en la institución educativa 7106 Villa Limatambo, en el distrito de Villa María Del Triunfo desde la perspectiva de las familias, los estudiantes y docentes. Uno de los hallazgos se obtuvo desde la perspectiva de los padres y estudiantes; mientras que el segundo, desde la perspectiva de los docentes. Ambos grupos coincidieron en que la desigualdad digital tuvo como principal factor la falta de conectividad a internet, así como el uso de herramientas tecnológicas deficientes. También coincidieron en que las acciones del Estado a través del programa “Aprendo en casa” fueron insuficientes para cubrir las necesidades de todos los estudiantes que se encontraban matriculados al momento en que se dio inicio al programa debido a la emergencia sanitaria decretada por el gobierno. Otro de los factores que limitó el programa fue la calidad deficiente de algunos recursos de la plataforma de Aprendo en Casa, la sobrecarga de trabajo de los docentes, no lograr el desarrollo de las competencias de los estudiantes y el descuido del aspecto emocional de los docentes y los estudiantes. Todo ello afectó de manera negativa el desarrollo del programa. Cabe indicar, que muchos padres de familia fueron afectados económicamente porque debieron realizar gastos extras, que no estaban contemplados en su presupuesto, para poder adquirir equipos (smartphone, laptop y/o computadora) hasta electrodomésticos, con la finalidad que sus hijos pudieran tener una mejor comodidad y comunicación con los docentes. Inclusive, debido a estos gastos económicos imprevistos, algunos padres tuvieron que buscar trabajos adicionales, ya que, con el ingreso mensual no les alcanzaba para poder adquirir lo mencionado, Además, estas familias, en muchos casos no gozan ni siquiera con una buena vivienda, servicios básicos, en general, no cuentan con una buena calidad de vida. / This research aimed to describe in general how digital inequality affected the implementation of the "Aprendo en casa" (Learn at Home) program at educational institution 7106 Villa Limatambo in the district of Villa María Del Triunfo. To do this, opinions of families, students and teachers will be analyzed to propose recommendations for its implementation. The type of research was qualitative, so members of the educational community, directors, teachers, students, parents and families were interviewed. Documentary research, personal interviews and focus groups were carried out to collect information. The study concluded that digital inequality negatively affected the implementation of the "Aprendo en casa" program at educational institution 7106 Villa Limatambo in the district of Villa María Del Triunfo from the perspective of families, students and teachers. One of the findings was obtained from the perspective of parents and students, while the second was from the perspective of teachers. Both groups agreed that digital inequality was mainly due to a lack of internet connectivity and the use of inadequate technological tools. They also agreed that the actions of the State through the "Aprendo en casa" program were insufficient to meet the needs of all the students who were enrolled at the time the program started due to the health emergency declared by the government. Another factor that limited the program was the poor quality of some resources on the Aprendo en Casa platform, the overload of work for teachers, the failure to develop the students' competencies and the neglect of the emotional aspect of teachers and students. All of this negatively affected the development of the program. It should be noted that many parents were financially affected because they had to make extra expenses that were not contemplated in their budget in order to buy equipment (smartphone, laptop and/or computer) or even appliances, in order for their children to have better comfort and communication with teachers. In some cases, due to these unexpected financial expenses, some parents had to look for additional jobs, as their monthly income was not enough to buy the mentioned items. In addition, these families, in many cases, do not even enjoy good housing, basic services and, in general, do not have a good quality of life.

Le présent ouvrage interroge à la source le concept de pli. Il le fait en prenant pour objet d‟étude l‟inséparabilité de l‟activité de peindre et du milieu peinture en lequel celle-ci s‟exerce. Le texte revient constamment sur ce même objet et fait basculer la compréhension que l‟on pourrait avoir du concept de pli de l‟intériorité vers le dehors, mieux, vers l‟intériorité du dehors. L‟oeuvre d‟art étant à la fois un être-tenu et un être-dehors, epoché et rythme, celle-ci s‟avère être alors l‟un des derniers lieux, sinon le dernier où demeure agissant cette inséparabilité que rend manifeste ma pratique de création losqu‟opèrent en elle les concepts d‟origine, de souci et de liberté. L‟intitulé Le geste et la forme cerne donc l‟ensemble de la problématique éthique au fondement de ces études au doctorat. Il le cerne en ce sens que, me tenant devant l‟étant en totalité, par-delà le fait qu‟avec chaque geste posé il s‟agit de tenir la promesse des gestes précédents pour les suivants, de sorte que puisse s‟y maintenir, avec chaque pas gagné, la possibilité de former une forme non donnée à l‟avance, il y va qu‟en cette forme s‟ouvre et s‟y maintienne, comme forme de vie, cette sensibilité à l‟absence d‟objet qui nous distingue de tout autre être vivant. Questionnée par le sens, s‟affirme ici, pour toute pratique de création quelle qu‟elle soit, l‟importance de la pensée phénoménologique, et plus particulièrement celle, herméneutique, de Heidegger, pour mettre des mots sur ce que ma pratique m‟offre lors des moments d‟attente et de surprise à titre d‟expériences que nous avons et qui nous ont, contrairement à celles que nous faisons et qui décident hors de nous. Le sol de l‟art étant ainsi l‟être et non la conscience, l‟espace de l‟art est le suspens d‟un monde tout fait pour nous. En lui s‟installe d‟un coup en l‟oeuvre d‟art la prégnance du sens dans le sensible, là où sens et sensibilité ne sont l‟un pour l‟autre que la différence d‟un identique. „„Le geste se fait forme‟‟résume mon travail dans le non-lieu de la création en quelque sorte. Ce moment relève de l‟attente. „„La forme se fait geste‟‟ révèle notre être-au-monde. Ce moment relève de la surprise, de l‟amplitude d‟un échange des regards que sous-tend l‟image d‟appel, là où, en elle, la transcendance prend son appel à elle-même.

This masters's thesis deals with the characterisation of the concept of corporate social responsibility, aiming its attention on its limits and opportunities within the European Union. First part of the thesis focuses on the charactistics of the theoretical concepts and approaches to corporate responsibility, entrepreneurship and businesses, while second part adresses the possibilities of international and european support and control of business activities, especially of the european institutions and other initiatives within the european context

El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en analizar los determinantes del crecimiento económico de Perú, Chile y México durante el periodo 2006-2020. Esto con la finalidad de corroborar cuáles son los principales factores afines que determinan el crecimiento en estas economías para poder deducir si estos factores fueron los causantes de la considerable diferencia en términos de caída del PBI durante el segundo trimestre del 2020. Para ello se utiliza la metodología Growth at Risk propuesta por el FMI. De este trabajo se resalta el impacto de factores externos como el crecimiento del PBI de China, el crecimiento del PBI de Estados Unidos y el precio del cobre. Así como también se considera relevante añadir al análisis variables que muestren cómo va la estabilidad macroeconómica en estos países para lo cual se consideraron las siguientes variables: que la inflación se encuentre en cierto rango, la dinámica de la deuda y el rating crediticio. Se procede a hacer estimaciones y se sospecha que las variables explicativas durante el periodo en análisis pueden ser insuficientes para explicar el desempeño diferencial de estas economías. Por ello, se propone como hipótesis del trabajo que dicha diferencia se debe al grado de medidas restrictivas aplicadas para lidiar con la pandemia del COVID-19. En especial, si estas medidas fueron generalizadas, focalizadas o laxas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:30:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edson Martins Junior.pdf: 926005 bytes, checksum: 70b13eacfdd6e648f250d7363f9e45a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This doctoral thesis entitled "Intercultural cultivations: a study of the National Education Plan (2011-2020), its fields of race and curricular possibilities" discusses and analyzes the challenges and opportunities that are set curriculum beginning of this century, marked by the intensification processes of globalization and new faces of his relationship with the National States, particularly on educational policies and, consequently, the national curricula. When considering in particular the prospects for Nestor Canclini and Terry Eagleton, this paper recognizes the cultural and contextuality of social processes, and therefore its manifestation in education and curriculum, which implies the choice of play or destabilize hegemonic models through actions of cultural hybridization and cultivation producing, via labor, material and immaterial conditions of life in society. As this scenario theoretical formulation of this work builds on the bill No. 8035/2010 proposing the PNE (National Education Plan) for the decade 2011-2020 and exposes the difficult balance between the economic development along capitalist lines and social gains in the sense emancipation in educational practices, particularly through the doings of the curriculum. The work, at its end, the tendency of the PNE to expand the possibilities of deepening capitalist logic in Brazilian society through public education, and presents flanks that represent strategic opportunities to build an educational system that promotes social and cultural diversity and intensification of cross-cultural creations through policies, practices and actions to destabilize the hegemonic cultural order in this educational doings / Esta tese de doutorado intitulada Cultivações Interculturais: um estudo sobre o Plano Nacional de Educação (2011-2020), seus campos de disputa e possibilidades curriculares discute e analisa os desafios e oportunidades curriculares que estão postos neste início de século, marcado pela intensificação dos processos de globalização e por novas faces de sua relação com os Estados Nacionais, particularmente no tocante às políticas educacionais e, consequentemente, aos currículos nacionais. Ao considerar, especialmente, as perspectivas de Nestor Canclini e Terry Eagleton, este trabalho reconhece a dimensão cultural e contextualidade dos processos sociais, e, consequentemente, sua manifestação na educação e no currículo, o que implica na opção por reproduzir ou desestabilizar os modelos hegemônicos por meio de ações de hibridização e cultivação cultural que produzem, via trabalho, as condições materiais e imateriais da vida em sociedade. Como cenário desta formulação teórica este trabalho toma como base o projeto de lei nº 8035/2010 que propõe o PNE (Plano Nacional de Educação) para o decênio 2011-2020 e expõe a difícil conciliação entre desenvolvimento econômico nos moldes capitalistas e ganhos sociais no sentido da emancipação nas práticas educacionais, particularmente por meio dos fazeres curriculares. O trabalho, em seu final, apresenta a tendência do PNE em ampliar as possibilidades de aprofundamento da lógica capitalista na sociedade brasileira por meio da educação pública, assim como apresenta flancos que representam possibilidades estratégicas para a construção de um sistema educacional que promova a diversidade sociocultural e a intensificação de criações interculturais por meio de políticas, ações e práticas de desestabilização da ordem cultural hegemônica presente nos fazeres educacionais