Les radiations sont omniprésentes. Elles ont de nombreuses applications dans des domaines variés: en médecine, elles permettent de réaliser des diagnostiques et de guérir des patients; en communication, tous les systèmes modernes utilisent des formes de rayonnements électromagnétiques; et en science, les chercheurs les utilisent pour découvrir la composition et la structure des matériaux, pour n'en nommer que quelques-unes. Concrètement, la radiation est un processus au cours duquel des particules ou des ondes voyagent à travers différents types de matériaux. La radiation peut être très énergétique, et aller jusqu'à casser les atomes de la matière ordinaire. Dans ce cas, on parlera de radiation ionisante. Il est communément admis que la radiation ionisante peut être bien plus nocif pour les êtres vivants que la radiation non ionisante. Dans cette dissertation, nous traiterons de la radiation ionisante. La radioactivité est le processus d'émission des radiations ionisantes. Elle existe sous forme naturelle, et est présente dans les sols, dans l'air et notre planète entière est bombardée en permanence de rayonnements cosmiques énergétiques. Depuis le début du XXe siècle, les chercheurs sont capables de créer artificiellement de la matière radioactive. Cette découverte a offert de multiples avancées technologiques, mais a eu également de lourdes conséquences pour l'humanité comme l'ont démontrés les évènements de Tchernobyl et de Fukushima ou d'autres accidents dans le monde médical. Cette dangerosité a conduit à l'élaboration d'un système de radioprotection. Dans la pratique, la radioprotection est principalement mise en œuvre en utilisant la méthode ALARA. Cette méthodologie consiste à justifier, optimiser et limiter les doses reçues. Elle est utilisée conjointement avec les limites légales. Le facteur d'optimisation est contraint par le fait que l'exposition volontaire d'un travailleur aux radiations lors d'une opération doit être plus bénéfique que si aucune intervention humaine n'était conduite dans une situation donnée. Dans le monde industriel et scientifique, il existe des infrastructures qui émettent des rayonnements ionisants. La plupart d'entre elles nécessitent des opérations de maintenance. Dans l'esprit du principe ALARA, ces interventions doivent être optimisées pour réduire l'exposition des travailleurs aux rayonnements ionisants. Cette optimisation ne peut pas être réalisée de manière automatique car la faisabilité des interventions nécessite dans tous les cas une évaluation humaine. La planification des interventions peut cependant être facilitée par des moyens techniques et scientifiques comme par exemple un outil informatique. Dans le contexte décrit ci-dessus, cette thèse regroupe des considérations techniques et scientifiques, et présente la méthodologie utilisée pour développer des outils logiciels pour la mise en œuvre de la radioprotection. / Radiation is omnipresent. It has many interesting applications: in medicine, where it allows curing and diagnosing patients; in communication, where modern communication systems make use of electromagnetic radiation; and in science, where it is used to discover the structure of materials; to name a few. Physically, radiation is a process in which particles or waves travel through any kind of material, usually air. Radiation can be very energetic, in which case it can break the atoms of ordinary matter (ionization). If this is the case, radiation is called ionizing. It is known that ionizing radiation can be far more harmful to living beings than non-ionizing radiation. In this dissertation, we are concerned with ionizing radiation. Naturally occurring ionizing radiation in the form of radioactivity is a most natural phenomenon. Almost everything is radioactive: there is radiation emerging from the soil, it is in the air, and the whole planet is constantly undergoing streams of energetic cosmic radiation. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, we are also able to artificially create radio-active matter. This has opened a lot of interesting technological opportunities, but has also given a tremendous responsibility to humanity, as the nuclear accidents in Chernobyl and Fukushima, and various accidents in the medical world have made clear. This has led to the elaboration of a radiological protection system. In practice, the radiological protection system is mostly implemented using a methodology that is indicated with the acronym ALARA: As Low As Reasonably Achievable. This methodology consists of justifying, optimizing and limiting the radiation dose received. This methodology is applied in conjunction with the legal limits. The word "reasonably" means that the optimization of radiation exposure has to be seen in context. The optimization is constrained by the fact that the positive effects of an operation might surpass the negative effects caused by the radiation. Several industrial and scientific procedures give rise to facilities with ionizing radiation. Most technical and scientific facilities also need maintenance operations. In the spirit of ALARA, these interventions need to be optimized in terms of the exposure of the maintenace workers to ionizing radiation. This optimization cannot be automated since the feasibility of the intervention tasks requires human assessment. The intervention planning could however be facilitated by technical-scientific means, e.g. software tools. In the context sketched above, this thesis provides technical-scientific considerations and the development of technical-scientific methodologies and software tools for the implementation of radiation protection.In particular, this thesis addresses the need for an interactive visual intervention planning tool in the context of high energy particle accelerator facilities.

Réalisée au sein du doctorat SACRe, la démarche de cette thèse est celle d'une recherche par la pratique. Elle est constituée de deux films en 3D stéréoscopique (3Ds). Ils sont accompagnés d'un manuscrit qui fait état des explorations et met en forme la réflexion menée au cours des trois années de doctorat.Dans un premier temps, la thèse s'emploie à définir la notion de continuité au cinéma. Elle conduit à l'identification des éléments requis pour l'existence de la continuité d'une part, et pour sa compréhension d'autre part, permettant ainsi d'établir un modèle de la continuité cinématographique, qui partage certains de ses principes avec d'autres domaines, tant scientifiques qu'artistiques.Nous analysons ensuite le cas singulier de la stéréoscopie, entre continuités et discontinuités. Cette étude technique et perceptive permet d'aborder pleinement les spécificités de cette technique, afin de faire l'état des lieux de la continuité dans le cinéma en 3D stéréoscopique.La recherche s'achève en mettant en lumière les possibilités artistiques inexplorées en 3Ds, parmi lesquelles celle d'enrichir la continuité stéréoscopique en s'inspirant de la façon dont l'architecture et la musique ont traité les notions de continuité et de discontinuité. Nous avons expérimenté certaines de ces possibilités au travers de deux courts métrages, dont nous rendons compte dans la dernière partie du manuscrit. / This work has been driven among the Sciences, Arts, Design and Research doctoral program (SACRe), which relies on a practice-based research. It is therefore made of two stereoscopic 3D (S3D) movies and a dissertation that reports the explorations and our reflexive approach during this three years program.The thesis first focuses on formalising the concept of continuity in cinema. This leads to enlighten elements that permits the continuity to exist on one hand, as well as those required for its understanding on the other hand, so as to define a general model of cinematographic continuity; that reveals itself to be sharing some of its principles with scientific disciplines as well as artistic ones.We then analyse the singular case of stereoscopy, between continuities and discontinuities. This technical and perceptual study enables us to apprehend its specificities, in order to examine the state of continuity in nowadays stereoscopic cinema.This work finally focuses on unexplored artistic possibilities in S3D, among which the enrichment of stereoscopic continuity, inspired by the way architecture and music have treated continuity and discontinuity issues. We have experimented some of these possibilities through two short films, as we report at the end of the dissertation.

L'objectif de la thèse est l'élaboration de lois de commande de haute performance et leur validation en temps réel sur une plateforme expérimentale 3D de nano-positionnement à base de courant à effet tunnel, développée au laboratoire GIPSA-lab. Elle s'inscrit donc dans le cadre des systèmes micro-/nano-mécatronique (MEMS), et de la commande. Plus précisément, le principal enjeu considéré est de positionner la pointe métallique à effet tunnel (comme en microscopie à effet tunnel STM) contre la surface métallique en utilisant des actionneurs piézoélectriques en X, Y et Z et un micro-levier (comme en microscopie à force atomique AFM) actionné électrostatiquement en Z avec une grande précision et une bande passante élevée. Cependant, la présence de différents effets indésirables apparaissant à cette petite échelle (comme le bruit de mesure, des non-linéarités de natures différentes, les couplages, les vibrations) affectent fortement la performance globale du système 3D. En conséquence, une commande de haute performance est nécessaire. Pour cela, un nouveau modèle 3D du système a été développé et des méthodes de contrôle appropriées pour un tel système ont été élaborées. Tout d'abord l'accent est mis sur de positionnement selon les axes X et Y. Les effets d'hystérésis et de fluage non linéaires présents dans les actionneurs piézoélectriques ont été compensés et une comparaison entre les différentes méthodes de compensation est effectuée. Des techniques modernes de commande robuste SISO et MIMO sont ensuite utilisées pour réduire les effets des vibrations piézoélectriques et des couplages entre les axes X et Y. Le mouvement horizontal est alors combiné avec le mouvement vertical (Axe Z) et une commande du courant tunnel et du micro-levier. Des résultats expérimentaux illustrent le nano positionnement 3D de la pointe, et des résultats de simulation pour la reconstruction de la topographie de la surface ainsi que le positionnement du micro-levier à base d'un modèle multi-modes. / The objective of this thesis was to elaborate high performance control strategies and their real-time validation on a tunneling current-based 3D nanopositioning system developed in GIPSA-lab. The thesis lies in the domain of micro-/nano mechatronic systems (MEMS) focused on applications of fast and precise positioning and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). More precisely, the aim is to position the metallic tunneling tip (like in STM) over the metallic surface using piezoelectric actuators in X, Y and Z directions and actuated micro-cantilever (like in Atomic Force Microscope AFM), electrostatically driven in Z direction, with high precision, over possibly high bandwidth. However, the presence of different adverse effects appearing at such small scale (e.g. measurement noise, nonlinearities of different nature, cross-couplings, vibrations) strongly affect the overall performance of the 3D system. Therefore a high performance control is needed. To that end, a novel 3D model of the system has been developed and appropriate control methods for such a system have been elaborated. First the focus is on horizontal X and Y directions. The nonlinear hysteresis and creep effects exhibited by piezoelectric actuators have been compensated and a comparison between different compensation methods is provided. Modern SISO and MIMO robust control methods are next used to reduce high frequency effects of piezo vibration and cross-couplings between X and Y axes. Next, the horizontal motion is combined with the vertical one (Z axis) with tunneling current and micro-cantilever control. Illustrative experimental results for 3D nanopositioning of tunneling tip, as well as simulation results for surface topography reconstruction and multi-mode cantilever positioning, are finally given.

The three-dimensional mapping environments has been intensively studied in the last decade. Among the benefits of this research topic is possible to highlight the addition of autonomy for car or even drones. The three-dimensional representation also allows viewing of a given scenario iteratively and with greater detail. However, until the time of this work was not found one framework to present in detail the implementation of algorithms to perform 3D mapping outdoor approaching a real-time processing. In view of this, in this work we developed a framework with the main stages of three-dimensional reconstruction. Therefore, stereoscopy was chosen as a technique for acquiring the depth information of the scene. In addition, this study evaluated four algorithms depth map generation, where it was possible to achieve the rate of 9 frames per second. / O mapeamento tridimensional de ambientes tem sido intensivamente estudado na última década. Entre os benefícios deste tema de pesquisa é possível destacar adição de autonomia á automóveis ou mesmo drones. A representação tridimensional também permite a visualização de um dado cenário de modo iterativo e com maior riqueza de detalhes. No entanto, até o momento da elaboração deste trabalho não foi encontrado um framework que apresente em detalhes a implementação de algoritmos para realização do mapeamento 3D de ambientes externos que se aproximasse de um processamento em tempo real. Diante disto, neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um framework com as principais etapas de reconstrução tridimensional. Para tanto, a estereoscopia foi escolhida como técnica para a aquisição da informação de profundidade do cenário. Além disto, neste trabalho foram avaliados 4 algoritmos de geração do mapa de profundidade, onde foi possível atingir a taxa de 9 quadros por segundo.

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-26T18:21:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPPSeL.pdf: 4068768 bytes, checksum: 7c8ea6a69927c82c229fac660e7735fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-11-08T18:29:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPPSeL.pdf: 4068768 bytes, checksum: 7c8ea6a69927c82c229fac660e7735fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-11-08T18:29:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPPSeL.pdf: 4068768 bytes, checksum: 7c8ea6a69927c82c229fac660e7735fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-08T18:29:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissPPSeL.pdf: 4068768 bytes, checksum: 7c8ea6a69927c82c229fac660e7735fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / The research herein is consolidated in fantastical narratives presented in animation movies allied with deep perception exploration. Its development aims to investigate how visual resources are used in animation movies to emphasize fantastical narratives in current contexts. The focus is placed on animations made by digital three-dimensional environment and on the use of stereoscopy working as tools that influence on the composition of narrative tension. The study is based upon the animation movies "How to Train Your Dragon" (DreamWorks, 2010), "How to Train Your Dragon 2" (DreamWorks, 2014) and "Frozen" (Disney, 2013) because of the fantastical storytelling, which evaluates their relations with stereoscopy's visuality and three-dimension digital space. At first a historical background to consolidate stereoscopy and animation techniques is described, which leads to contemporary cinematographic scenery and the use of 3D modeling. Then the research is directed to the study of film narratives previously mentioned followed by an evaluation of three-digital-dimensional language and the three-dimension characters building, in addition to their physical and psychological characteristics. In the end of the study, an analysis of the use of stereoscopy alongside with the narrative, characters and settings modeling of the three movies is proposed, verifying the stereoscopic space use in scenes with different dramatic intensity and how stereoscopy contributes to these narratives. / O presente trabalho tem como foco as narrativas fantásticas apresentadas em filmes de animação, aliadas à exploração da percepção de profundidade. Seu desenvolvimento tem o intuito de investigar como recursos visuais são utilizados em filmes de animação para reforçar narrativas fantásticas dentro do contexto contemporâneo. O foco se mantém nas animações criadas em ambiente digital tridimensional e no uso da estereoscopia como ferramenta que influencia a tensão da composição narrativa. Para realizar esse estudo, tem-se como base os longas-metragens de animação 3D "Como Treinar Seu Dragão" (How To Train Your Dragon – DreamWorks, 2010), "Como Treinar Seu Dragão 2" (How To Train Your Dragon 2 – DreamWorks, 2014) e "Frozen: Uma Aventura Congelante" (Frozen – Walt Disney 2013) devido às narrativas de cunho fantástico, onde avalia-se a visualidade proposta pela estereoscopia e ambientação em espaço digital tridimensional. Inicialmente, é descrito um panorama histórico para consolidar as técnicas da estereoscopia e da animação, o qual culmina no cenário cinematográfico atual e no uso de modelagem 3D. Em um segundo momento, a pesquisa se direciona ao estudo das narrativas dos filmes supracitados, seguido de uma avaliação sobre a linguagem tridimensional digital e da criação de modelos tridimensionais dos personagens, suas características físicas e psicológicas. Por último, é proposta uma análise sobre o uso da estereoscopia em conjunto com a narrativa e a modelagem dos personagens e cenários nos três filmes, verificando o uso do espaço estereoscópico em cenas de diferentes intensidades dramáticas e as maneiras como a estereoscopia contribuiu com as narrativas fílmicas.

Submitted by RICARDO OTTO ROZZA SCHMIDT null (rottoschmidt@gmail.com) on 2016-06-20T16:57:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado Dissertação Final_Dig.pdf: 14191761 bytes, checksum: dbea65724bee20d777cf130e21a9ab56 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-06-23T14:12:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 schmidt_ror_me_rcla.pdf: 14191761 bytes, checksum: dbea65724bee20d777cf130e21a9ab56 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-23T14:12:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 schmidt_ror_me_rcla.pdf: 14191761 bytes, checksum: dbea65724bee20d777cf130e21a9ab56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-03 / Os arenitos de água profunda, designados genericamente como turbiditos, têm enorme relevância energética e econômica para o Brasil. Na Bacia de Campos, a maior parte dos campos produtores contêm níveis turbidíticos da Formação Carapebus (Eoceno), focalizados neste estudo. É o caso dos campos de Enchova e Bonito. Nesta dissertação propõe-se a caracterização geológica-petrofísica dos reservatórios turbidíticos (Eoceno) nestes campos, que mesmo descobertos há 30 anos detém poucas informações publicadas no que se refere à sua disposição espacial litológica e petrofísica. A integração de metodologias e ferramentas possibilita a melhor compreensão dos reservatórios e de suas heterogeneidades. Neste trabalho foram integrados dados oriundos de testemunhos, perfis de poços, sísmica 3-D (40 km²) por meio dos métodos geoestatísticos Krigagem Indicativa e Krigagem Ordinária, de forma a contribuir com o entendimento da distribuição das principais unidades do reservatório. A análise litológica teve como enfoque os métodos qualitativos, apoiada na descrição de testemunhos apresentadas na pasta de poço, e quantitativo, baseado nas análises dos perfis geofísicos de 20 poços. Com base nesta correlação rocha-perfil, os litotipos arenito, carbonato e folhelho foram definidos e extrapolados para os intervalos não testemunhados. A interpretação e correlação dos perfis geofísicos identificaram dois níveis arenosos principais, o inferior com 10 a 15 m e superior com 70 a100 m, separados por uma camada de folhelho de 5 a 20 m. Salienta-se o controle deposicional de uma feição erosiva de idade Maastrichiano-Eoceno Médio, a qual concentra as maiores espessuras de areia a oeste dos campos. A caracterização estrutural do reservatório, definida por três feições dômicas alinhadas a NE, foi definida pela interpretação sísmica 3-D. A análise de atributos sísmicos de amplitude, realizada no intervalo definido entre os horizontes topo e base do reservatório, revelou geometrias associadas a complexos de canais discretos, em Enchova, e lobos canalizados, em Bonito. O modelo litológico do reservatório obtido pela aplicação da Krigagem indicativa representou satisfatoriamente os níveis turbidíticos quando comparados aos dados de poços e mapas atributos sísmicos, que indica as maiores espessuras dos turbiditos a oeste das áreas. O modelo da porosidade obtido pela Krigagem Ordinária (Krigagem Indicativa) indicou melhores condições porosas na porção oeste dos campos, correlacionando-se com o modelo litológico carbonatos fechados e folhelhos no modelo litológico. Ambos, os mapas de atributos sísmicos e modelos obtidos apresentam uma área com potencial exploratório a sul de Bonito, ainda não perfurada segundo a ANP. / Deep-water sandstones, known as turbidites, play an important role in Brazil's energy and economic scenario. In the Campos Basin, Carapebus Formation´s Eocene turbidites produce in most oil fields of the basin. Enchova and Bonito oil fields, focused in this study, represent Eocene sandstone production areas. Discovered 30 years ago, Eocene reservoirs have a lack of information regarding its lithological and petrophysical distribution. This master thesis proposes a geological-getrophysical reservoir characterization of Eocene turbidites on Enchova and Bonito fields. The integration of methodologies and tools enables a better understanding of the reservoir geometry and heterogeneity. This work integrates core descriptions from well reports, well logs and 3-D seismic through Indicator Kriging (lithology) and Ordinary Kriging (porosity) resulting in 3-D solid models. The models possibly a better understand of lithologic and petrophysical reservoir distribution. The lithological analysis is supported by qualitative methods, supported by the 70m core description provided with well log data, and quantitative, based on the analysis of 20 well logs. Based on this correlation between logs and rocks, the lithology classes, sandstone, carbonate and shale, were defined. The well-logs interpretation and correlation identified two main turbidite intervals, the lower 5 to 15 m and upper 70 to 100 m, separated by a shale layer 5 to 20 m. These intervals were depositionally controlled by an erosive feature associated with Maastrichtian-Middle Eocene unconformity, defining the distribution pattern of turbidites sands concentrated on the western portion of the fields. The reservoir structural characterization, performed trough 3-D seismic interpretation, is defined by three domal features separated by normal faults aligned to NE-SW. Seismic amplitude attributes calculated under the reservoir interval revealed channelized geometries on Enchova field and lobate architecture on Bonito field. The reservoir lithological model obtained through Indicator Kriging demonstrate coherence when compared to well data distribution and seismic attributes maps that indicate turbidite greatest thicknesses in western areas. The model of porosity obtained by Ordinary Kriging revealed best porosity conditions in the western portion of the fields, corresponding to the seismic attributes responses and lithological model. Both geostatistical models and seismic attributes maps revealed an interesting non drilled area located on south of Bonito field.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:36:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2757758 bytes, checksum: 190623edac59a5dd3d056de8a14e2653 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Recently, Brazil has defined its Digital Television standard. One of news in this model is the digitization of content transmitted by the broadcasters, which enables the convergence of applications and Internet services in interactive services for TV. In this sense, middleware for TV is the software which supports the implementation of such applications. The integration of 3D technologies in Digital Television environments extends the possibilities of interactivity and entertainment. Thus, the use of this technology can expand the range of research and business opportunities within the Interactive TV area. This work presents an architecture to support the execution of 3D applications on Digital Television environments. This architecture is based on DTV Brazilian middleware: Ginga. In this work are discussed strategies for integration of 3D technologies through execution and presentation environments of Ginga. Besides the definition of the architecture, this work presents a proof of concept for the new model presented as well as a performance analysis of the proposed solutions. Finally, a comparison is made between the solutions developed in order to determine which strategy is more feasible. / Recentemente o Brasil definiu seu padrão de TV Digital. Uma das novidades neste novo modelo é a digitalização do conteúdo transmitido pelas emissoras, que permite a convergência de aplicações e serviços de internet em serviços interativos para TV. Neste sentido, o middleware para TV é o software responsável por oferecer suporte à execução de tais aplicativos. A integração de tecnologias 3D a ambientes de TV Digital estende as possibilidades de interatividade e entretenimento. Através do uso deste tipo de tecnologia é possível ampliar o conjunto de possibilidades de pesquisa e negócios no âmbito da TV Interativa. Este trabalho apresenta uma arquitetura de suporte à execução de aplicações tridimensionais em ambientes de TVDI. Tal arquitetura é baseada no middleware brasileiro de TVDI: Ginga. Neste trabalho são discutidas as estratégias de integração de tecnologias 3D através dos ambientes de execução e apresentação do Ginga. Além da definição da arquitetura, este trabalho apresenta uma prova de conceito para o novo modelo apresentando, bem como uma análise de desempenho das soluções propostas. Por fim, é feita um estudo comparativo entre as soluções desenvolvidas, a fim de definir qual estratégia é mais viável.

Submitted by SHAIELY FERNANDES DOS SANTOS null (fer.shay@gmail.com) on 2017-07-04T16:04:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final_corrigida.pdf: 6609770 bytes, checksum: cf68b44bd226d8bbeb5bf8ce1f2066e6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-07-04T18:34:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_sf_me_rcla.pdf: 6609770 bytes, checksum: cf68b44bd226d8bbeb5bf8ce1f2066e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-04T18:34:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_sf_me_rcla.pdf: 6609770 bytes, checksum: cf68b44bd226d8bbeb5bf8ce1f2066e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A ampla variedade de aplicações de cobre estimula a exploração de áreas mineralizadas. A prospecção de sulfetos por meio de métodos geofísicos, como a Eletrorresistividade e a Polarização Induzida (IP), são altamente promissores devido ao contraste de resistividade elétrica e cargabilidade, onde depósitos com sulfetos disseminados ou filoneanos são caracterizados por baixa resistividade e alta polarizabilidade. Esse trabalho realizou estudo de prospecção geofísica por meio de aquisição tomográfica em ocorrência mineral de cobre, na região de Caçapava do Sul (RS). Foram realizadas três linhas de aquisição por meio da técnica de tomografia elétrica em arranjos Dipolo-dipolo, Schlumberger e Wenner com 400 metros de comprimento e 5 metros de espaçamento entre eletrodos, dispostas de forma perpendicular à estruturação geral da área, representada com um grande sinclinal, de alta complexidade geológica e estrutural, em cuja crista foram reconhecidas galerias de pesquisa com carbonatos e sulfetos de cobre. Os resultados indicam que o arranjo dipolo-dipolo melhor realça e detalha as feições em regiões com estruturas inclinadas e fraturas. Os modelos de inversão 2D e modelamento 3D apresentam regiões centrais e laterais com alta resistividade e alta cargabilidade com indicativo de provável zona de stockwork com sulfetos alojados. Zonas periféricas com moderada resistividade e moderada cargabilidade inferem possíveis áreas com presença de argilização, zonas com alta cargabilidade e baixa resistividade são prováveis zonas de sulfetação e as possíveis zonas de silicificação com altos valores de resistividade e baixos de cargabilidade, observadas nas adjacências das prováveis zonas mineralizadas. / The wide variety of copper applications encourages the exploration of mineralized areas. Sulfide prospecting by means of geophysical methods, such as electrical resistivity and induced polarization (IP), are highly promising due to the contrast of electrical resistivity and chargeability, where deposits with disseminated sulfides or filoneans are characterized by low resistivity and high polarizability. This work carried out a study of geophysical prospecting by means of tomographic acquisition in mineral copper occurrence, in the region of Caçapava do Sul (RS). Three acquisition lines were performed by means of electrical tomography technique using a Dipole-dipole, Schlumberger and Wenner arrangements, with a length of 400 meters and a spacing of 5 meters between the electrodes, arranged in perpendicular layout to the general structure of the area, represented by a large synclinal, of high geological and structural complexity, where research galleries with carbonates and copper sulfides were recognized in the ridge. The results indicate that the dipole-dipole arrangement best highlights and details features in regions with sloped structures and fractures. The 2D inversion models and 3D modeling indicate central and lateral regions with high resistivity and high chargeability with indicative of probable stockwork zone with housed sulfides. Peripheral zones with moderate resistivity and moderate chargeability infer possible areas with presence of argilization, zones with high chargeability and low resistivity are likely to be zones of sulfation and possible silicification zones with high resistivity values and low chargeability values, observed in the vicinity of the probable mineralized zones.

This paper describes a methodology to assess the energy performance of residential buildings starting from the semantic 3D city model of Vienna. Space heating, domestic hot water and electricity demand are taken into account. The paper deals with aspects related to urban data modelling, with particular attention to the energy-related topics, and with issues related to interactive data exploration/visualisation and management from a plugin-free web-browser, e.g. based on Cesium, a WebGL virtual globe and map engine. While providing references to existing previous works, only some general and introductory information is given about the data collection, harmonisation and integration process necessary to create the CityGML-based 3D city model, which serves as the central information hub for the different applications developed and described more in detail in this paper. The work aims, among the rest, at developing urban decision making and operational optimisation software tools to minimise non-renewable energy use in cities. The results obtained so far, as well as some comments about their quality and limitations, are presented, together with the discussion regarding the next steps and some planned improvements.

O Gráben de Barra de São João, situado na região de águas rasas da Bacia de Campos, é parte integrante do Sistema de Riftes do Cenozóico, localizado na região sudeste do Brasil. Este sistema foi formado em um evento que resultou na reativação das principais zonas de cisalhamento do Pré-Cambriano do sudeste do Brasil no Paleoceno. Neste trabalho proponho um novo arcabouço estrutural para o Gráben de Barra de São João baseado na interpretação de dados gravimétricos. Dados magnéticos aéreos, dados gravimétricos, uma linha sísmica 2D e um perfil de densidades de um poço foram utilizados como vínculos na interpretação. Para a estimativa do topo do embasamento foi necessário separar o efeito das fontes profundas no dado gravimétrico (anomalia residual). Com isso, foi realizada uma modelagem 2D direta baseada na interpretação sísmica para estimar as densidades das entidades geológicas da área em questão. Após esta modelagem, foi realizada uma inversão estrutural 3D do dado gravimétrico residual a fim de recuperar a profundidade do topo do embasamento. Este fluxograma de interpretação permitiu a identificação de um complexo arcabouço estrutural com três sistemas de falhas bem definido: Falhas normais de orientação NE-SW, e um sistema de falhas transcorrentes NW-SE e E-W. Estas orientações dividem o gráben em diversos altos e baixos internos. O dado magnético aéreo corrobora esta interpretação. A existência de rochas ultra-densas e fortemente magnéticas no embasamento foram interpretadas como um ofiolito que foi provavelmente intrudido (por obducção) na época do fechamento de um oceano no Proterozóico. / Barra de São João Graben, shallow water Campos Basin, is part of the Tertiary rift system that runs parallel to the Brazilian continental margin. This system was formed in an event that caused the reactivation of the main Precambrian shear zones of southeastern Brazil in the Paleocene. I propose a new the structural framework of Barra São João Graben based on gravity data interpretation. Magnetic data an available 2D seismic line and a density well-log of a nearby well were used as constraints to our interpretation. To estimate the top of the basement structure we separated the gravity effects of deep-sources from the shallow basement (residual anomaly). Then, we performed a 2D modeling exercise, where we keptfixed the basement topography and the density of the sediments, to estimate the density of the basement rocks. Next, we inverted the residual anomaly to recover the depth to the top of the basement. This interpretation strategy allowed the identification of a complex structural framework with three main fault systems: NE-SW normal faults system, and a NW-SE and E-W transfer fault systems. These trends divide the graben into several internal highs and lows. The magnetic anomalies corroborate our interpretation. The existence of ultra-dense and strongly magnetized elongated bodies in the basementwere interpreted as ophiolite bodies that probably intruded by the time of the shutdown of the Proterozoic ocean.