International Maritime Organisation (IMO) har under många år arbetat för att förenkla och harmonisera det administrativa arbetet för fartyg vid hamnanlöp från internationell resa. Syftet har varit att minimera data och förenkla deklarationer och dokument som skall rapporteras till myndigheter i det land som fartyget anlöper. Den senaste åtgärden som gjorts i Europa är EU direktivet 2010/65/EU så kallat Maritime Single Window (MSW). I studien undersöks effekterna av införandet MSW inom EU sett från operatörer knutna till svensk sjöfart. Detta har gjorts i form av en surveyundersökning bestående av ett frågeformulär med totalt 20 frågor. Det genomfördes även semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer för att styrka och jämföra respondenternas svar av frågeformuläret. Resultatet visar att införandet av MSW har medfört en generell ökad arbetsbörda för användarna. Studiens slutsats är att arbetsbördan har ökat till följd av införandet av direktivet, då syftet med direktivet att förenkla och harmonisera inrapportering av fartyg till myndigheter vid hamnanlöp från internationell resa inte helt uppnåtts. / International Maritime Organisation (IMO) have for many years worked to simplify and harmonise the reporting formalities for ships leaving and entering ports in international voyages. The purpose has been to minimize the amount of data and to simplify declarations and documents required port states. The latest action taken in Europe is the EU directive 2010/65/EU so called Maritime Single Window (MSW). This study examine the effects and change in work since Maritime Single Window was implemented in Europe for users connected to the Swedish maritime sector. A survey investigation form was used as method and presented as a questionnaire form with a total nr of 20 questions. Semi structured qualitative interviews were also conducted to compare and confirm the results from the questionnaire form. The study shows that the directive 2010/65/EU has resulted in general increased work for users of Maritime Single Window. The conclusion of the study shows that the increased work is generated by a not yet fulfilled purpose of the directive to harmonise and simplify reporting formalities for ships leaving and entering ports in international voyages.

This thesis explores the motivations and lived experiences of Nigerian Christian women engaged in postgraduate studies in UK higher education based on 20 semi-structured interviews. For this group of women, their educational quest abroad is happening at the phase in the normative life course when they are expected by Nigerian society to be wives as well as mothers. Such cultural expectations carry social sanctions for non-conformity. This thesis investigates the immense social pressures the women come under as their educational achievements are not considered as important as the fulfillment of their social roles in their home country, and the strategies/negotiations they engage in to gain and maintain support for their educational pursuit. Being that they are studying and living in an egalitarian society like the UK, the thesis also examines why the women remain attached to Nigerian patriarchal values. Using empirical data, the thesis attempts to challenge and critique the current debates on international student migration that portray it as an individualized process and international student migrants as a homogenous group. It argues that the participants’ motivations and migration experiences are gendered and embedded in social relationships and processes. Furthermore, the thesis claims that the set of women interviewees are not just engaged in academic study alone as the literatures tend to portray international student migrants, they are also family members (wives/mothers/daughters) and workers, who consciously juggle their multiple roles in an order that seems to prioritize their social roles above the rest. The thesis asserts that the women are not victims; rather they are agentic beings whose compliant attitudes to patriarchal gender structures and roles are rooted in their religious and cultural beliefs.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka upplevd psykisk och social hälsa vid ledarledd fysisk aktivitet. Variablerna kön, utbildningsnivå, ansedd månadsinkomst samt upplevd fysisk hälsa vid start undersöktes för att se eventuell påverkan på resultatet.  Metod: På Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan (GIH) i Stockholm genomförs ”hälsoprojektet” varje vårtermin sedan 2005. Projektet är ett samarbete mellan GIH och kommuner i Stockholms län där hälsopedagogstudenter leder fysisk aktivitet under åtta veckor för seniorer som frivilligt anmält intresse. Till denna studie tillhandahölls data från 189 seniorer som deltagit i 2016 års hälsoprojekt, efter bortfall inkluderades data från 178 seniorer. Kvantitativ metod användes då data bearbetades utifrån insamlade enkäter som sedan analyserades med statistisk. Resultat: Studiens resultat visade att ledarledd fysisk aktivitet i grupp, två gånger per vecka under åtta veckor påverkade den upplevda psykiska hälsan positivt med en signifikant skillnad (p = 0,001). Gällande det upplevda sociala nätverket sågs ingen signifikant förändring efter interventionen. Slutsats: Denna studie stödjer tidigare forskning som visat att seniorer mår psykiskt och fysiskt bättre av fysisk aktivitet. Efter endast åtta veckors intervention sågs här signifikant förbättring i upplevd psykisk hälsa oberoende av kön, ålder, utbildning samt ansedd månadsinkomst. Fysisk aktivitet i grupp är en kostnadseffektiv lösning i det hälsopromotiva och preventiva arbetet som bör användas och prioriteras i hela samhället.

Public school per pupil costs and demands for better performance have increased over the past several decades. While the overall per pupil expenditures have increased, the percent of the educational dollar directed toward instructional activities has remained at approximately 60%. A grass-roots movement known as the "65% Solution" caught national attention by claiming that schools are not efficiently allocating resources into areas that have the greatest link to student achievement, such as instruction. Proponents of the 65% Solution claim that per pupil expenditures can be increased by shifting funds from areas considered non-instructional to areas that directly impact student instruction, such as teachers and instructional materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between district Panel Recommended and Commended Performance TAKS Reading/ELA and Math results and three measurements of instructional expenditures, Instructional Staff Percent; TEA Instructional Expenditure Ratio; and the NCES Instructional Expenditure Ratio (65% Solution), in Texas public schools. Data was collected from the 2003-2004 AEIS report. Multiple regression was used to conduct the analyses. In most instances, there was little, if any, relationship between TAKS Reading/ELA and TAKS Math, and the Instructional Staff Percent (ISP), TEA Instructional Expenditure Ratio (TIER), and NCES Instructional Expenditure Ratio (NIER). However, a low to moderate relationship was discovered in the comparison of TAKS Reading/ELA, and the ISP and TIER. This result was the same for both the Panel Recommended and Commended Performance. In every instance, the ISP and TIER showed positive, statistically significant, relationships to TAKS results. The NIER, or 65% Solution, had the lowest correlation and was statistically insignificant in three out of four analyses.

No description available.

No description available.

In order to investigate the viability of friction stir welding for use in Naval construction, mode one elastic-plastic fracture toughness of friction stir processed HSLA-65 was determined using current ASTM 1820 and BS 7448 standards. Double-sided welds were used to achieve 12.7 mm thick samples. A constant feed rate of 100 mm/min was used for all welds. To explore the effect of weld parameters on toughness, welds were produced using two rotational speeds: 340 RPM and 490 RPM. The weld centerline, advancing side hardened region (ASHR), and TMAZ/HAZ regions were sampled, in addition to un-welded parent material. All elastic-plastic fracture toughness values were thickness dependent. For welds produced at 340 RPM, toughness ranged from 33% to 75% below parent material. By increasing the rotational speed to 490 RPM, weld toughness was likewise less than the parent material, but increased 12% to 50% relative to welds produced at 340 RPM. The lowest measured toughness was in the ASHR samples for both parameters. This region of the weld exhibited mixed mode stress-strain conditions and toughness 75% and 62% less than parent material. Toughness values for all samples failed to meet qualification requirements of both ASTM 1820 and BS 7448 due to non-uniform crack extension. Irregular crack extension was caused by the through thickness change in tensile properties due to welding and the affect this had on the plastic zone size compared to the thickness. Increased weld toughness from 340 RPM to 490 RPM was attributed to microstructural differences as a result of increased rotational speed. In addition, higher crack extensions were observed in the second weld pass relative to the first for both rotational speeds. This was attributed to weld tempering of the first pass by the second. The ASHR samples exhibited the highest crack extensions. In this location, the weld microstructure consisted of Widmanstatten ferrite, a microstructure known to be detrimental to toughness.

HSLA-65 steel (6.4 mm thick) was friction stir welded at various welding speeds and spindle speeds. Varying weld parameters provided a range of heat inputs. Impact toughness was evaluated as a function of the different weld parameters and corresponding weld heat inputs. Charpy V-Notch (CVN) tests were conducted in parent material and at both the weld nugget centerline and heat-affected zone (HAZ) locations. The upper shelf CVN impact energy of the weld nugget was above that of the base metal for all weld parameters. The upper shelf impact toughness in the HAZ was largely unaffected by changing weld parameters. The nil-ductility transition (NDT) temperature in the weld nugget increased with increasing heat input. The toughness, with respect to the ductile-to-brittle transition, was negatively affected by the increase in heat input. The NDT temperature in the HAZ did not correlate with heat input. The microstructures and microhardness data were examined. Aspects of variation in the impact energy results were identified as the inhomogeneity of the weld microstructure and the placement of the V-notch. Weld nugget microstructures were more inhomogeneous than base metal. Hardness results showed varying values of hardness from the weld crown to the root, transversely across the weld, and longitudinally along the length. Variation due primarily to the inhomogeneity of the weld microstructure is compounded by the location of the V-notch.

This qualitative study uses interviews to examine factors explaining why 20 elderly individuals from a variety of occupations and still living in the community independently did or did not exercise. Within the limits of this qualitative study, the reasons elderly participants gave for avoiding exercise included fear of injury, joint pain, poor health, complications from various degenerative diseases, and a lack of enjoyment of exercise. The reasons for exercising included necessity due to post-heart attack motivation, work-site exercise program or equipment availability, opportunity to habituate work-related tasks, spouse support, history of exercise experience, ability to exercise without injury, enjoyment of family outings, and an appreciation of the enjoyment of exercise.

Aims: This literature review aimed to synthesize nurses’ experiences of providing person-centered care for older people with dementia.  Background: Life radically changes for people with health problems, especially dementia. The number of people with dementia is increasing due to the rapid increase of the aging population. It is predicted that aging will increase worldwide from 5.7 million to 6.6 million people between 2017 and 2050. Around 10% of the elderly suffer from dementia and 3% live in dedicated nursing homes. This implies an urgent need to improve the quality of care for people with dementia.  Method: This study was conducted as a qualitative meta-synthesis. The electronic databases CINAHL and PubMed were used to identify relevant literature, complemented by manual searches of journals and references.  Results: The synthesis of findings from seven studies unveiled nurses' experiences in delivering person-centered care to individuals with dementia, yielding two overarching themes: "Person-centered care in practice" and "Organizational perspectives within person-centered care". Under "Person-centered care in practice", nurses recognized the significance of personal connections, support, and adaptation, considering the patient's life history crucial. "Organizational perspectives within person-centered care" revealed challenges such as high workload and negative attitudes, hindering person-centered care implementation. Nurses expressed concerns about a lack of knowledge and skills, emphasizing the importance of education.  Conclusion: Knowing the patient's life history improves several aspects of care such as communication between the nurse and the person suffering from dementia. Patient safety and security will also improve. If nurses are aware of the patient’s likes and dislikes, the overall care can be more personalized.