Anthropomorphic Effigy Vases: A Silvermith’s Production during the Late Intermediate Period and Late HorizonAnthropomorphic effigy vases have been classified, without any scientific basis, as belonging to the Chimu Culture. This investigation shows how these kinds of vases are more related in iconography as well as in provenance with the iconography of the central coast of Peru. In a selection of nine vases analysed, we determine different techniques of manufacture, which indicate the high technological complexity achieved by the precolumbian metal smiths during the Late Intermediate period and the Late Horizon. This study seeks to clarify, with the help of historic and ethnographic documentation, the social importance of the silversmith’s workshops that elaborated the effigy vases in question. We hope through the study of these archaeological remains and their comparison with historical texts, to decipher the symbolic and ritual value, as well as possible religious influences in their manufacture along the Peruvian coast. Finally, the possible process used by the coastal metal smiths in the manufacture of the effigy vases was identified by means of electronic microscope and metalographic analysis. / Desde hace mucho tiempo, un tipo especial de objetos rituales —los vasos-efigie antropomorfos de metal— han sido clasificados, sin sustento científico, como pertenecientes a la cultura Chimú. La investigación llevada a cabo por las autoras demuestra cómo este tipo de vasos está más relacionado, tanto en iconografía como en procedencia, con la temática iconográfica de la costa central del Perú. Se trata de un corpus de nueve vasos analizados con el que se determinaron diferentes técnicas de manufactura que muestran la alta complejidad tecnológica lograda por los orfebres tanto en el Periodo Intermedio Tardío como en el Horizonte Tardío. Para la realización de dicha investigación se ha utilizado documentación tanto histórica como etnográfica, las que permitieron explicar la posible importancia social de los talleres de los orfebres o plateros que manufacturaron dichos vasos. Estudios comparativos entre los restos arqueológicos con textos históricos ayudaron a descifrar el valor simbólico o ritual para el que fueron elaborados y su posible influencia religiosa en otros lugares de la costa peruana. Por último, los análisis metalográficos y microscopía electrónica identificaron las posibles formas de manufactura utilizadas en estos vasos por los antiguos orfebres o plateros de la costa.

Archaeological Research at Cerro del Oro, Cañete ValleyThe excavations at Cerro del Oro in the Cañete valley revealed an uninterrupted occupation sequence since the Early Intermediate Period. This huge archaeological complex acquires its monumental features about this time, but it also evidences significant changes during the Epoch 1 of the Middle Horizon Period, with the introduction of new cultural patterns. This preliminary report tries to identify these social changes in their cultural expression. / Las excavaciones en Cerro del Oro, valle de Cañete, han revelado una ocupación constante desde el Periodo Intermedio Temprano. Este gran complejo arqueológico adquiere sus rasgos monumentales desde esta época, pero también evidencia cambios significativos durante la primera época del Horizonte Medio, con la introducción de nuevos patrones culturales. Este informe preliminar trata de identificar estos cambios en la expresión cultural de esta sociedad.

Chronology, Identity, Urbanism and State in the Central and South Central Andes between V and X Centuries AD: Some Final ConclusionsThe article doesn´t have an abstract / El artículo no presenta resumen

Social and Political Transformation in the Callejón de Huaylas (III to X Centuries)Archaeological investigations between 1997-1999 in the Callejón de Huaylas, Peru -localized around the Pierina gold mine- have discovered prehispanic settlements corresponding to diverse chronological periods. The article focuses on the Early Intermediate Period and Middle Horizon, examining Recuay settlement pattern, and showing how it was transformed Wari control that probably intruded into the Callejón de Huaylas in the 6th century. However, local domestic patterns appear to have remained little changed, suggesting that new demands for taxes must not have been excessive. Only a few signs of foreign domination are evident. / Consecutivos proyectos de investigacion y rescate arqueológico realizados entre 1997 y 1999 en el área de explotación de la mina Pierina, Callejón de Huaylas, han permitido estudiar un conjunto de asentamientos prehispánicos de diversos periodos cronológicos. En este artículo se pone énfasis en los sitios del Período Intermedio Temprano y Horizonte Medio, se explica el patrón de asentamiento recuay y cómo fue transformado y absorbido por las fuerzas exógenas wari que irrumpen en el Callejón de Huaylas alrededor del siglo VI. El sistema de articulación local, sin embargo, persiste y solo se pueden detectar algunas señales de dominación externa.

Este trabalho apresenta o percurso histórico da ideia de frase a partir de sua presença na obra do linguista brasileiro Joaquim Mattoso Câmara Jr. (1904-1970). Entende-se por ideia de frase as representações que pretendem dar conta dos segmentos da cadeia dialógico-discursiva no âmbito das ciências ou disciplinas dedicadas ao estudo qualificado e especulativo da linguagem. Partiu-se do problema geral da definição da frase e de seu papel no estudo da linguagem. Mattoso Câmara, como linguista brasileiro, ilustra, por meio de suas reflexões sobre a questão da frase e de seu horizonte de retrospecção, os movimentos e transformações do percurso histórico do problema considerado; contribuiu, também, com os capítulos XI e XII de seu Princípios de linguística geral (1ª ed., 1941) para o esforço de precisão conceitual-terminológica da ideia de frase; o fez a partir da compreensão do caráter heteróclito da frase e de seu enquadramento teórico a partir da dicotomia saussuriana langue / parole. Este trabalho resulta do levantamento, a partir das pistas encontradas na obra de Mattoso Câmara, das emergências da ideia de frase e dos contextos epistemológicos em que surgem. O percurso de sua presença e de sua problematização no longo tempo do pensamento linguístico ocidental nos eixos espaço-temporais da Antiguidade Grega, da França racionalista e do Brasil que se moderniza permite compreender e localizar na história das ideias linguísticas brasileiras a contribuição de Mattoso Câmara à conceituação do termo frase. O viés teórico-metodológico deste trabalho é o da História das Ideias Linguísticas, na proposta do filósofo e historiador Sylvain Auroux. O cerne desta proposta teórico-metodológica é o saber metalinguístico constituído e/ou em vias de se constituir que pode ser de quatro tipos: especulativo, prático, técnico e competente (AUROUX, 1988). O conceito de ideia de frase subjacente a este trabalho resulta do saber metalinguístico de natureza especulativa, visto que é no âmbito do estudo qualificado que as representações que pretendem lidar com as entidades manifestadas no mundo sensível e identificadas pelos termos frase, sentença, oração, proposição, período e enunciado foram buscadas. / This work presents the historical course of sentence idea. The presence of discussions about sentence in the work of the Brazilian linguist Joaquim Mattoso Câmara Jr. (1904-1970) is the motive for elaboration of this historical course. Sentence idea is understood, in this work, by representations of dialogical-discursive chain segments in scope of sciences or disciplines dedicated to speculative study of language. It started from the general problem of defining the sentence and its role in the study of language. Mattoso Câmara\'s reflections about the sentence illustrate the movements of historical path of sentence idea. The same occurs with his retrospection horizon. The Chapters XI and XII of his Princípios de linguística geral (1st ed., 1941) are his contributions to the conceptual-terminological precision effort of sentence idea. He does so understanding the sentence\'s heteroclite character and its theoretical framework from the Saussurian dichotomy langue / parole. This work results from the survey of clues of sentence idea and the epistemological contexts in which they arise. Most of those clues was found in the work of Mattoso Câmara. The course of presence and problematization of sentence question in the long term of Western linguistic thought in the space-time axes of Greek Antiquity, Rationalist France, and Brazil that is modernized enables us to understand and locate in the history of Brazilian linguistic ideas the contribution of Mattoso Câmara to conceptualization of the term FRASE. The theoretical-methodological bias of this work is the History of Linguistic Ideas; it was proposal by the philosopher and historian Sylvain Auroux. The core of this theoretical-methodological proposal is the metalinguistic knowledge constituted and / or about to be constituted. They can be of four types: speculative, practical, technical and competent (AUROUX, 1988). The concept of sentence idea underlying this work results from the metalinguistic knowledge of a speculative nature, since it is from there that came the terms, in Portuguese, frase, sentença, oração, proposição, período e enunciado.

Enid Blyton and Agatha Christie were the most successful British women writers of their time. Christie and Blyton were contemporaries, living and writing in the United Kingdom during the first half of the twentieth century. This study takes into consideration these similarities in its examination of the depiction of dominant discourses in relation to emergent, alternative and oppositional discourses in their writing. This thesis suggests that while Enid Blyton and Agatha Christie offer alternatives to the dominant patriarchal discourses of the British Empire in the first half of the twentieth century, they show allegiance, too, to the dominant discourses of their time. Specific consideration is given to the portrayal of discourses concerned with gender, feminism, classism, British colonialism, racism, and xenophobia in their writing. The work of Enid Blyton and Agatha Christie was extremely popular in their time and still is today. Their important contribution to popular literature in England in the early twentieth century justifies a study of a selection of their work in relation to detective fiction and children’s literature as well as to studies of social history that include the investigation of how dominant discourse is both endorsed and challenged. / Thesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / English / unrestricted

We consider the solution of nonlinear optimal control problems subject to stochastic perturbations with incomplete observations. In particular, we generalize results obtained by Ito and Kunisch in [8] where they consider a receding horizon control (RHC) technique based on linearizing the problem on small intervals. The linear-quadratic optimal control problem for the resulting time-invariant (LTI) problem is then solved using the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) design. Here, we allow linearization about an instationary reference trajectory and thus obtain a linear time-varying (LTV) problem on each time horizon. Additionally, we apply a model predictive control (MPC) scheme which can be seen as a generalization of RHC and we allow covariance matrices of the noise processes not equal to the identity. We illustrate the MPC/LQG approach for a three dimensional reaction-diffusion system. In particular, we discuss the benefits of time-varying linearizations over time-invariant ones.

Sediments of Bohemian Forest lakes are important natural archives. Their sedimentary record covers postglacial history of the lakes as well as history of natural processes in a wider region. It also documents local settlements and changes in landscape management. The lake sediments have attracted the interest of the scientific community since the end of the 19th century. Despite of the fact that modern paleolimnological and paleoecological investigations were already performed in the second half of the 20th century in the Bohemian Forest Mts., the great potential of the lake sediments was not fully utilized in scientific research so far. The ultimate objective of this thesis is to deepen knowledge of these natural archives and support their utilization in future studies. Several specific objectives have been set to achieve the ultimate objective: i) to compare age of the Bohemian Forest lake sediments with the recent knowledge of local deglaciation at the end of the last ice age, ii) to integrate chronostratigraphic marker horizons as one of the tools of Late Glacial sediment dating, iii) to assess the role of bioerosion in chitinous subfossil freshwater invertebrate remains on the record representativeness, and iv) to prove the presumed dystrophic nature of the lakes during the Holocene using...

[pt] Uma boa representação de malhas tridimensionais é fundamental para a renderização de objetos e para simulações numéricas. Ocorre, entretanto, que, quando objetos são capturados através de sensores, é comum existir super amostragem em algumas regiões e/ou sub amostragem em outras. Para resolver esse problema existem diversas técnicas na literatura de reamostragem da malha. Recentemente uma abordagem mais generalizada para uma representação utilizando malhas de triângulos e com boas garantias matemáticas gerando malhas com triângulos muito próximos aos triângulos de Delaunay vem ganhando destaque. O grande problema desta técnica para a aplicação de objetos com bordas (buracos ou malha aberta) é que ela faz um efeito de erosão nas bordas. Para uma aplicação em que as bordas e buracos devem representar aproximadamente a mesma região isso é um grande problema. Neste trabalho apresentamos uma abordagem geométrica para a reamostragem da representação do objeto que resolve este problema aplicado em dados de horizonte sísmico. / [en] A good mesh representation of tridimensional objects is necessary not only to render algorithms but also to support numerical simulations. Objects captured via sensors, e.g., seismic acquisition and laser scanning, have an intrinsic error in its representation of objects. Furthermore, this unprocessed data does not generate a good description of the objects, portraying it inadequately or incorrectly. The existing literature on resampling representations contains various techniques to resolve this problem. In particular, a general approach using triangle mesh has recently gained attention. One benefit of this technique is its mathematical guarantees generating triangles meshes that closely approximate Delaunay triangles. The main drawback to this technique occurs in its application to objects with borders, such as holes or mesh intersections. In this work, we present a new method to re-mesh the object representation taking into account the simplification of the curves that represent the holes. We apply this technique to seismic horizon data.

The diploma work "The differences between perception of metonymy in photography and in movies from the perspective of reception aesthetics" deals with different uses of the figure of speech - metonymy - in visual communication. The metonymy is primarily used as an ornamental device of language expression. It is also distinguishable in purely visual information that is provided in photography and certain film shots. In visual communication, metonymy is also used for embellishing of the visual content or, at least, its correction. This work is focused especially on these examples of the use of metonymy that employ the method of reception aesthetics, which was up to now applied only to literary works. The subjects of interest of the reception aesthetics are so- called places of indeterminacy and the horizon of expectation which is also the focus of this work in addition to its main focus on metonymic expression in movies and photography. The first part of this work deals with the theory of the reception aesthetics and its main exponents. The second part deals with the relationship between the recipients and the media, specifically photography and movie. The last part of this work deals with the theory of rhetorical figures, particularly metonymy and its special form - synecdoche, and it's application...